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Few things generate debate amongst fans of the reality TV show "Survivor" like romantically linked power couples. While developing partnerships with other players in the game is widely seen as [...]

We analyze optimal contractual arrangements in a bilateral research and development (R&D) partnership between a risk-averse provider that conducts early-stage research followed by a regulatory verification stage and a risk-neutral client that performs late-stage development activities, including production, distribution, and marketing. The problem is formulated as a sequential investment game with the client as the principal, where the investments are observable but not verifiable. The model captures the inherent incentive alignment problems of double-sided moral hazard, risk aversion, and holdup. We compare the efficacy of milestone-based options contracts and buyout options contracts from the client's perspective and identify conditions under which they attain the first-best outcome for the client. We find that milestone-based options contracts always attain the first-best outcome for the client when the provider has some bargaining power in renegotiation and identify their applicability to different R&D partnerships. Keywords: R&D partnerships; options contracts; double-sided moral hazard; holdup; risk preference History: Received June 4, 2013; accepted October 1, 2013, by Yossi Aviv, operations management. Published online in Articles in Advance June 12, 2014., 1. Introduction Firms have traditionally relied on internal research and development (R&D) to maintain their technological competitiveness. However, in recent years, firms are increasingly sourcing new knowledge externally by pursuing [...]

Partnership is the overarching framework for development cooperation, but it has been criticized for furthering priorities of the North, rather than those of the South. This article discusses partnership in Tanzania with a special focus on policy making to enhance rights and gender equality. The late 1990s have been described as an era when successful partnerships ensured laws friendly to women, but our analysis of policy making in the 2010s shows that the process consumes far more time now and is harder to accomplish. We argue that this is because the current issues are more controversial, challenging cultural norms, and perhaps because the government realistically envisages a future without aid and is less willing to let partners influence its policies., Introduction Since the late 1990s, a tripartite partnership among donors, governments in the global South, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) has been the overarching framework for development cooperation. In the early […]

We experimentally test for the effect of social status on the likelihood of partnership formation. We consider a two-player game where the opportunity to perform a hidden action by one player may render partnership formation difficult. In this context, we study how the assignment of partners' status to the top, middle, or bottom position of a preexisting status hierarchy affects collaboration. We find that partnership formation is remarkably sensitive to the partners' status affiliations. Collaboration is easiest when both partners share the same social status, and the probability of partnership formation decreases significantly as the status gap between the partners increases, entailing massive inefficiency. Keywords: partnership; status; laboratory experiment History: Received March 10, 2013; accepted July 24, 2013, by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics. Published online in Articles in Advance January 17, 2014., 1. Introduction Most economic undertakings involve forming a successful partnership. Partnership formation lies at the heart of contract theory, which analyzes how partnerships are formed, what types of contracts foster [...]

Based on a year-long ethnographic study, this narrative chronicles the planning year of the West Virginia Partnership to Promote Community Well-Being--a collaborative effort to develop a comprehensive statewide substance abuse [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00601.x Byline: Jeanette Pope (*), Jenny M. Lewis ([dagger]) Keywords: partnerships; community development; network analysis Abstract: Partnerships of various kinds are now widespread, but evaluating them is complicated. This article examines the usefulness of a network approach for analysing partnership effectiveness, where the central concern is governance. The approach is based on interviews, and for this evaluation they were conducted with 120 people from 10 different partnerships in Victoria. A detailed examination of network structures uncovers important features of partnerships, yielding crucial information about them as governing entities, and providing feedback to partners on where effort needs to be spent on relationship building. This article adds to the existing knowledge about what makes partnerships effective, and to the toolkit available for evaluating them. Author Affiliation: (*)Department of Planning and Community ([dagger])University of Melbourne

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.03.010 Byline: Petra Derkzen (a), Alex Franklin (b), Bettina Bock (a) Abstract: In Britain, and Wales particularly, inclusion and equal opportunities for all became key principles guiding the work of the many partnerships that were established at the beginning of this century. A primary objective of this paper is to develop a greater understanding of the politics and processes within 'partnership' as a widely used governance instrument. We argue that rather than dismissing partnerships for their exclusionary mechanisms, they might be considered as distinctive 'arenas of power' where the emphasis on participation and consensus shapes power relations in particular ways. What we demonstrate, using a differentiated topology of power [Allen, J., 2003. Lost Geographies of Power. Blackwell Publishing], is the effect that different modes of power, at different times, can have on social interaction and the process of partnership working. Although inequality in terms of resources existed in our study, we show that effective partnership working was enhanced at times when more reciprocal modes of power were used. We conclude, therefore, that an analysis of power based on resources alone is limited because the use and effect of resources may be 'modified, displaced or disrupted depending upon the relationships that come into play' [Allen, J., 2003. Lost Geographies of Power. Blackwell Publishing, p. 97]. Hence, there is a need for more research on power struggles and conflicts in partnerships over time. Only then it is possible to see how and when differences in resources affect social interaction and result in different levels of (in)equality. A partnership cannot be seen simply as an indirect instrument of a dominant government actor to control organisations and individuals. Author Affiliation: (a) Rural Sociology, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands (b) ESRC Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK

Partnerships represent a prescriptive form of network governance, based on the idea of cooperation. This article has four aims. The first is to describe why network governance and partnerships are important now, and what one particular example--Primary Care Partnerships--is addressing. The second is to analyse the network structure of two of these partnerships, and the third is to examine network dynamics. The Fourth aim is to explore relationships and sustainability over the longer term. Two government-Funded and steered partnerships, which were established to increase coordination between primary care services in Victoria, Australia, were examined. Annual interviews at three points in time between 2002 and 2005 were used to explore relationships between organizations within these two partnerships. The structure of two different communication networks, based on contacts For work and contacts for strategic information, were examined using social network analysis. Tracing network structures over time highlighted partnership dynamics. The network structures changed over the three years of the study, but an important constant was the continuing centrality of the independent staff employed to manage the partnerships. Over the longer term, it seems to be more important to fund independent partnership staff, rather than people who connect partnerships to the funding agency. If partnerships are seen as valuable in improving service coordination and health outcomes, then long term rather than just start-up funding support is required. Keywords: Australia Partnerships Health policy Networks Primary care Governance

Many factors inhibit the successful collaborative relationships between companies and suppliers, such as low level of trust and differences that result in friction. A strong collaboration between the two parties lies on what they do togethh er, what they perceive of each other and the manner by which they interact. Details of several successful partnerships between leading companies and suppliers are presented.

A study to assess the change that could be derived through the five predefined opportunities and resources Assets Coming Together (ACT) for youth partnerships and improved school development is conducted. Results reveal that positive improvements had taken place in certain areas but required ongoing efforts and monitoring.

WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, a hearing perspective controls the direction of deaf education nationally and internationally. People who are hearing have a powerful influence over decisions that affect legislation, policies, professional organizations, research agendas, and curricular decisions related to deaf education. Although this situation is changing in some arenas, people who are deaf often have relatively less influence than their hearing counterparts in shaping the educational agenda. The authors, one deaf and one hearing, relate their views on the challenge of changing this imbalance of power and discuss their personal experiences as friends and professional collaborators as they offer strategies for creating and nurturing partnerships between people who are deaf and people who are hearing.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2007.00153.x Byline: Bipasha Baruah (1) Keywords: Public-private partnerships; Water; Sanitation; NGOs; Slums; Women; India Abstract: Abstract The Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) is a trade union founded in 1972 to organize women in the informal sector in the western Indian state of Gujarat for better working conditions and social security provisions. The Gujarat Mahila Housing SEWA Trust (MHT) and the SEWA Bank are independently registered SEWA sister organizations that facilitate self-employed women's access to housing and financial services, respectively. This paper seeks to document and critically analyze the experiences of MHT and SEWA Bank in partnering with the state, the private sector, funding agencies, urban local bodies and other NGOs in developing and delivering housing, water and sanitation programs for low-income urban families living in slums. Using MHT as a case study, this paper will shed light upon challenges and opportunities NGOs may face while collaborating with partners with different core philosophies, motivations, working styles, strengths and constraints. The paper also makes recommendations that would enable different actors to play an optimal role in partnerships designed to improve the living and working conditions of the poor. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Geography, California State University, Long Beach, CA Article note: Dr. Bipasha Baruah is Assistant Professor at the Department of Geography, California State University, Long Beach, CA. E-mail: bbaruah@csulb.edu

In the presence of individual heterogeneity, a major problem with egalitarian partnership, such as complete income pooling, is that individuals of comparatively high ability are induced to exit the arrangement. This is nevertheless ignoring the possible impact of social esteem considerations based on a comparison of members' performances. In this paper, drawing inspiration from pooling experiences in a Japanese fishery, we show that the exit problem can be surmounted if sensitivity to social esteem is neither too strong nor too weak. If it is too strong, the lower ability agents will exit out of social shame whereas, if it is too weak, the higher ability agents will not consider it worthwhile to transfer income to their partners. When the arrangement is sustainable, the lower ability people strive towards limiting the income gap. JEL classification: O12; O17; Q2; Z13 Keywords: Heterogeneity; Cooperation; Egalitarian partnership; Status; Social esteem

Problem structuring methods (PSMs) have most commonly been employed with groups operating within single-organizational contexts. This paper argues that PSMs are by their nature also appropriate for supporting the work of multi-organizational groups (MOGs) operating within a partnership context. An experience of the use of a PSM in this context is reported and evaluated. The research findings suggest that there is indeed scope for the use of PSMs with MOGs, and that these methods do appear to have a positive role in achieving some of the products claimed for PSM interventions. In particular, the experience as a whole tends to demonstrate that mutual accommodations between the organizations represented in the MOG can be the result of the use of PSMs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significance of the experience, and proposes some directions for further research. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602191 Published online 19 April 2006 Keywords: problem structuring methods; multi-organizational groups; partnership; evaluation

This paper studies the potential benefits of collaborative forecasting (CF) partnerships in a supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer. To reflect the reality in production environments, we propose a scorecard that captures inventory considerations, production smoothing, and adherence-to-plans. We present a prescriptive convex-cost production planning model for the manufacturer, and a replenishment model for the retailer. We use our integrative reference model to study the potential benefits of CF partnerships. Overall, we find that the benefits of CF depend on the following key characteristics of the supply chain: the relative explanatory power of the supply chain partners, the supply side agility, and the internal service rate. CF is expected to bring high benefits to the supply chain when the manufacturer has the largest relative explanatory power. But quite disappointingly, in these cases a CF partnership does not appear to be valuable to the manufacturer. When the retailer is the dominant observer of market signals, CF typically yields a 'win-win' outcome. In order to effectively act upon the information exchanged via CF, the supply side needs to be sufficiently agile. The benefits reported in this paper should be considered as conservative. This is because CF partnerships often bring better information, improved decision support technologies, as well as process improvement to the trading partners. Consequently, the supply side agility can be improved. If this indeed happens, the compound benefits of CF can be dramatically higher than our conservative estimates. Finally, we provide a qualitative discussion of the possible role of internal service rates in supply chains, either as planning parameters to improve performance, or as a mechanism for sharing the benefits of CF between the trading partners. Key words: collaborative forecasting; supply chain management; optimal control; production planning; production smoothing; inventory-production, 1. Introduction Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) is a standard set of technology-enabled business processes that has been developed over the last decade by the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards [...]

This study used organizational ecology to examine the partnership strategy used by Tri-Cities Partnership (TCP) to develop an annual grant application to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for Continuum of Care funding. The findings revealed varying degrees of involvement and capacity among organizations as they sought to manage the tension between the priorities of their organizations and the collaborative effort. Organizational ecology is a theoretical perspective that can be used to understand the ever-changing dynamics of partnerships and to develop models of collaboration that capture the diverse characteristics and capacities of organizations, doi: 10.1300/J147v31n04_03 KEYWORDS. Collaborative partnerships, capacity, organizations, planning

Partnering as a concept has matured in its application and many empirical studies provide evidence of its impact on project performance beyond the rather prescriptive and anecdotal claims of earlier cookbooks on the subject. What has remained elusive, however, is a guiding theory on partnering. Drawing on the literature, partnering is explained within the framework of intergroup contact theory and teamwork in organizations. More specifically, partnering has the potential to create the essential conditions for optimal intergroup contact and hence, to reduce bias and increase cooperation among construction project workgroups and, consequently, favorably impact on project performance. Demonstrating a close fit with the published literature on partnering provides useful support for the proposed model. The model can clearly help project managers to focus their attention on the necessary aspects of workgroup processes that lead to high cooperation and performance. DOI: 10.1061(ASCE)0733-9364(2007)133:3(225) CE Database subject headings: Alignment; Cooperation; Partnership; Teamwork; Construction industry.

The development of an econometric model to analyze the exchange of information between syndication partners is described. The influence of reputational concerns on the partners' adherence to the terms of contracts is discussed.