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The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) officially became the 33rd European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) on 25 April 2023 with the support of 17 founding member and observer countries. As a pan-European legal organization, ACTRIS ERIC will coordinate the provision of data and data products on short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds relevant to climate and air pollution over the next 15-20 years. ACTRIS was designed more than a decade ago, and its development was funded at national and European levels. It was included in the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) roadmap in 2016 and, subsequently, in the national infrastructure roadmaps of European countries. It became a landmark of the ESFRI roadmap in 2021. The purpose of this paper is to describe the mission of ACTRIS, its added value to the community of atmospheric scientists, providing services to academia as well as the public and private sectors, and to summarize its main achievements. The present publication serves as a reference document for ACTRIS, its users, and the scientific community as a whole. It provides the reader with relevant information and an overview on ACTRIS governance and services, as well as a summary of the main scientific achievements of the last 20 years. The paper concludes with an outlook on the upcoming challenges for ACTRIS and the strategy for its future evolution. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is the new European Research Infrastructure Consortium for short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds, supporting fundamental research and excellence in Earth system observation. The primary objective of ACTRIS is to produce high-quality integrated datasets in the field of atmospheric sciences and to provide services, including access to instrumented platforms, tailored for scientific and technological use. Established with a long-term perspective, with financial commitments from 17 European countries and the European Commission, ACTRIS services are open to the global community of scientists involved in atmospheric research and beyond. It is expected that ACTRIS will have a strong impact enhancing excellence in Earth system observation and research, providing information and knowledge for the development of sustainable solutions to societal needs. KEYWORDS: Atmosphere; Europe; Aerosols/particulates; Clouds; Trace gases, 1. Introduction Short-lived atmospheric constituents (SLACs) and clouds play a key role in regulating Earth's climate and impacting the quality of air and its effects on human and ecosystem health. [...]

About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday (1). Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of [...]

Background: In 2013, China released the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (Action Plan), which set the roadmap for national air pollution control actions for the period of 2013 to 2017. A decrease in the fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to]2.5 [micro]m ([PM.sub.2.5]) concentration may lead to a substantial benefit for human health. Objective: We aimed to quantify the relative contributions four factors: emission reductions, changed meteorology, population growth, and a change in baseline mortality rates to the reduced [PM.sub.2.5]-related mortality ([PM.sub.2.5]-mortality) during the 2013-2017 period and evaluate the importance of emission controls for human health protection in China. Methods: The integrated exposure-response function was adopted to estimate the chronic health effects of [PM.sub.2.5]. The annual [PM.sub.2.5] concentrations were estimated from chemical transport model simulations combined with surface observations for 2013 and 2017. Relative contributions to [PM.sub.2.5]-mortality from emission reductions and the three factors were individually quantified through scenario analysis. Results: The estimated total [PM.sub.2.5]-mortality in China was 1.389 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005 million, 1.631 million] in 2013 but was substantially reduced to 1.102 million (95% CI: 0.755 million, 1.337 million) in 2017. Emission controls contributed 88.7% to this reduction in [PM.sub.2.5]-mortality, while changed meteorology, the change in baseline mortality rates, and population growth during 2013-2017 contributed 9.6, 3.8, and -2.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The implementation of the Action Plan has significantly reduced the [PM.sub.2.5] concentration in regions of China where population density is high, dominating the decline in [PM.sub.2.5]-mortality during 2013-2017. However, the health burden of [PM.sub.2.5] pollution in China is still extremely high compared with that in other developed countries. An aggressive air pollution control strategy should be implemented in densely populated areas to further reduce the health burden. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4157, Introduction Severe and frequent fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [less than or equal to]2.5 [micro]m ([PM.sub.2.5]) pollution has aroused unprecedented public concern in China. Epidemiologists have confirmed the association [...]

ABSTRACT A quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA), namely low-Z (atomic number) particle EPMA, was used to characterize the chemical compositions of the individual aerosol particles collected at the [...]

Doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.599281 The objective of this study was to estimate the contribution of a facility that processes steel production slag into raw material for cement production to local outdoor particle [...]

DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.61.8.815 ABSTRACT Two important factors that affect in-stack opacity--light extinction by emitted particles and that by water moisture after a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) unit--are investigated. The mass light extinction [...]

ABSTRACT The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) is the third largest city in Mexico. Few studies have been carried out regarding its air pollution. The aim of this study was to [...]

ABSTRACT From 2004 to 2009, aiming to better understand implications for its smelters, Rio Tinto Alcan conducted a detailed study of [PM.sub.2.5] and [PM.sub.10] (particulate matter [PM] ≤ 2.5 and [...]

During runoff transport, phosphorus (P) partitions between dissolved and particulate matter (PM) phases. PM-based P distributes across the particle-size distribution (PSD). This study investigates the transport and distribution for P and PM in runoff from a fully paved highway watershed in Baton Rouge, La. Eight events with discrete manual runoff sampling are studied. PSDs are modeled with a cumulative gamma distribution and PM-based P distributions are modeled with a Freundlich-type power law. P and PM fractions examined are dissolved, suspended, settleable, and sediment. Measured mass transport of these fractions is modeled based on flow-limited (zero-order) or mass-limited (first-order) delivery. Results demonstrate that transport of each fraction can be represented by these limiting categories, but fractions illustrate differing elution rates during the same event. Event-based signatures for PM or P are controlled by the fraction that dominates the transported mass. Even for small source area catchments such as roadways without complex flow patterns, where first-order transport should dominate, transport of P and PM fractions is not consistently first-order; exceptions are mainly dissolved and suspended tractions. A water quality volume (WQV) for 25 mm of runoff resulted in 100% capture for all fractions of seven events and significant bypass for all fractions of a single event with a 1-year return frequency. By contrast, a WQV of 5 mm of runoff resulted in significant bypass for most fractions for seven events and 100% capture for the single event of the lowest runoff volume. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000263 CE Database subject headings: Phosphorus; Runoff; Water quality; Best Management Practice; Rainfall. Author keywords: Phosphorus; Particulate matter; Runoff; First-flush; Water quality volume (WQV); BMPs.

The mass--dimensional relationship put forth by Brown and Francis has been widely used for developing parameterizations for representing ice cloud microphysical properties. This relationship forms the cornerstone for past and forthcoming retrievals of ice cloud properties from ground-based and spaceborne active and passive sensors but has yet to be rigorously evaluated. This study uses data from six field campaigns to evaluate this mass--dimensional relationship in a variety of ice cloud types and temperatures and to account for the deviations observed with temperature and size, based on properties of the ice particle ensembles. Although the Brown and Francis relationship provides a good match to the observations in a mean sense, it fails to capture dependences on temperature and particle size that are a result of the complex microphysical processes operative within most ice cloud layers. Mass--dimensional relationships that provide a better fit to the observations are developed. DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3507.1

In our previous work, it was demonstrated that the combined use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR imaging and quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA), named low-Z particle EPMA, had the potential for characterization of individual aerosol particles. Additionally, the speciation of individual mineral particles was performed on a single particle level by the combined use of the two techniques, demonstrating that simultaneous use of the two single particle analytical techniques is powerful for the detailed characterization of externally heterogeneous mineral particle samples and has great potential for characterization of atmospheric mineral dust aerosols. These single particle analytical techniques provide complementary information on the physicochemical characteristics of the same individual particles, such as low-Z particle EPMA on morphology and elemental concentrations and the ATR-FT-IR imaging on molecular species, crystal structures, functional groups, and physical states. In this work, this analytical methodology was applied to characterize an atmospheric aerosol sample collected in Incheon, Korea. Overall, 118 individual particles were observed to be primarily NaN[O.sub.3]-containing, Ca- and/or Mg-containing, silicate, and carbonaceous particles, although internal mixing states of the individual particles proved complicated. This work demonstrates that more detailed physiochemical properties of individual airborne particles can be obtained using this approach than when either the low-Z particle EPMA or ATR-FT-IR imaging technique is used alone. 10.1021/ac1014113