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This research investigates the mechanical, thermal stability, and water absorption behaviour of silane-treated high content cellulose Abelmoschus esculentus (okra fibre) and macromolecule tamarind kernel powder (MTP)–toughened epoxy composites. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of adding surface-modified high content cellulose okra fibre (CCO) and the contribution of tamarind kernel macromolecule powder to various properties of epoxy resin composite. The fibre and particle were surface-treated by an amino silane (3- Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The composites were fabricated by the hand lay-up process and post cured at 120 °C. The outcomes of the Izod impact tests indicated that the combination of surface-treated okra fibre and tamarind kernel powder increased the resistance to damage. Similarly, the tensile, flexural, and thermal tests reported improvements in load-bearing and high thermal stability. The hardness test and SEM images revealed enhanced adhesion and distribution of kernel particles in the resin, resulting in a maximum attainable hardness of 93 shore-D. Moreover, the contact angle of the silane-treated composites was higher, indicating a retained hydrophobicity. Such mechanical, thermal, and impact toughness, as well as hardness improved composites with higher hydrophobic nature, would be highly preferable for structural and industrial applications like automobile body parts, armour guards in defence, sports goods, and domestic appliances manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is successfully performed in water in the presence of a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macroCTA) leading to the formation of self‐stabilized PMAA‐b‐PMMA amphiphilic block copolymer particles. At pH 3.7, the reactions are well‐controlled with narrow molar mass distributions. Increasing the initial pH, particularly above 5.6, results in a partial loss of reactivity of the PMAA macroCTA. The effect of the degree of polymerization (DPn) of the PMMA block, the solids content, the nature of the hydrophobic segment, and the pH on the morphology of the obtained diblock copolymer particles is then investigated. Worm‐like micelles are formed for a DPn of PMMA of 20 (PMMA20), while “onion‐like” particles and spherical vesicles are obtained for PMMA30 and PMMA50, respectively. In contrast, spherical particles are obtained for the DPns higher than 150. This unusual evolution of particle morphologies upon increasing the DPn of the PMMA block seems to be related to hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic MAA and hydrophobic MMA units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of studying Earth systems and climate change. It explains that Earth systems, such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere, help us understand how the planet works and supports life. The article also highlights the impact of human activities on Earth systems and the current drought conditions in the United States, particularly in the southwest and western states. It emphasizes the need for proactive measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including improving irrigation methods, desalination, demand management, and respecting the rights and interests of Native American tribes. The article concludes by suggesting various ways individuals can contribute to reducing the effects of climate change, such as using renewable energy sources and supporting local businesses that promote climate-smart practices. [Extracted from the article]

Mist chemical vapor deposition (mist‐CVD) is expected to be a potentially low‐environment‐impact and low‐cost crystal growth technique. With mist‐CVD, soluble materials are usually selected as raw materials, and mist is usually generated from an aqueous solution including raw materials. However, any substances to be included in the mist can be potentially supplied as raw materials. Namely, there is no need for the substances to be dissolved in some solvent. Therefore, as a trial, it is demonstrated that mist including poorly soluble particles are used as raw materials for mist‐CVD crystal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary goal of this article is to present recent developments in erosion research and associated particles in centrifugal slurry pumps. Solid particles in transported liquid cause severe erosion of components in centrifugal pumps causing poor performance and reduced lifespan. Erosion necessitates frequent repairs and maintenance replacements, resulting in significant financial losses. This article summarizes the effect of slurry erosion on the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps handling different fluid and solid mixtures, as well as methods to reduce erosion. According to the majority of the literature, particle properties, pump geometry, and operating parameters have a paramount influence on pump characteristics. Recently, researchers attempted to improve the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps by employing various flow visualization techniques, which also aid in understanding the solid particle interaction with various pump components. Therefore, recent advancements in flow visualization technology inside the centrifugal pump are also included. Further, specific studies on erosion in centrifugal slurry pumps from different industries are also provided. This study is beneficial to designers, process managers and researchers involved with slurry centrifugal pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in synthesizing functional materials from natural compounds has increased recently. For this reason, compound particles attract attention due to their multifunctional properties. Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Okra) is a vegetable species belonging to the Hibiscus family, widely used for its edible unripe fruit. This study synthesized the particle from the Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) extract (Oe) by emulsion polymerization. In this synthesis, ammonium persulfate (APS, initiator) to form free radicals at the Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) extract (Oe) and ethylene glycol di methacrylate to cross-link the formed radicals were used. The synthesized poly(Okra) ((p(O)) particles structure Field emission scanning and Fourier transform infrared and biological activities (biocompatible, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging) were characterized. The p(O) particle showed good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. It has been measured to have high antioxidant and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity with p(O) particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Breast implants have always been composed of a silicone elastomer envelope filled with either silicone gel or saline. Breast implant illness (BII) is a set of symptoms that has previously been linked to the leakage of silicone particles from the implants into the body. Objectives Our research aimed to quantify the number of silicone particles present in the capsules of breast implants available in North America. Methods Thirty-five periprosthetic capsules were sampled and analyzed, and silicone particles were counted and measured. The capsule surface area was then measured and utilized to calculate particle density and total number of silicone particles. Results Eighty-five percent of capsules analyzed from silicone gel implants contained silicone, with an average of 62 particles per mm3 of capsular tissue. These implants had approximately 1 million silicone particles per capsule. In contrast, none of the saline implant capsules contained silicone. Capsules from macrotextured tissue expanders contained fewer and larger silicone particles. Conclusions Silicone gel implants presented silicone particle bleeding into the periprosthetic capsule, totaling on average 1 million silicone particles per capsule. On the other hand, no silicone particle bleeding was observed from saline breast implants. These data suggest that particle bleeding comes from the inner silicone gel, and not from the smooth outer silicone shell. Previous studies have reported the presence of breast implant illness in patients with both silicone- and saline-filled implants. Therefore, our data suggest that silicone migration is not the sole cause of BII. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective was to investigate self-reported hand eczema, and skin complaints at other skin locations among workers exposed to particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study on workers from one ferro-silicon smelter plant, eight chimney sweeper stations and one firefighter station across Norway. Participants answered an extended version of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2022), with additional questions about whole-body skin complaints and visible dust deposition. Results are presented as descriptive data using firefighters as reference group. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression on lifetime prevalence of hand eczema adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. P-values were calculated using likelihood ratio test against the crude OR. Results: A total of 186 participants answered the questionnaire: 74 chimney sweepers, 52 firefighters and 60 smelter workers. Participation rate was 95.0, 94.5 and 63.6%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence of hand eczema was 9.5, 9.6, and 28.3%, respectively. The point prevalence of hand eczema was 1.4, 1.9 and 10.0%, respectively. We estimated OR for lifetime hand eczema in smelter workers to 4.36 [95% CI: 1.31–14.43, p = 0.016] and for lifetime skin complaints in other locations to 2.25 [95% CI: 0.98–5.18, p = 0.058]. The lifetime prevalence of skin complaints at other locations was 18.9, 23.1 and 40.0%, respectively. The point prevalence was 14.9, 9.6 and 16.7%, respectively. These estimates were not statistically significant but indicates that smelter workers have more skin complaints also at other locations. Conclusion: This study reports a more than four-fold increased risk of hand eczema in smelter workers, and possibly a higher risk of skin complaints in other body locations, compared to the other occupations. Longitudinal studies with larger population are needed to verify the marked increased risk of eczema among smelters and establish causation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) has long been administered intravenously as a carbapenem antibiotic. However, since this agent is poorly soluble in liquid, occasional reports have described its use as a short-acting, temporary embolic agent. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of IPM/CS particles, which are thought to have pain-relieving effects against osteoarthritis-related pain, as an embolic agent. Methods: Three aspects of IPM/CS as an embolic agent were evaluated in vitro: particle size; particle shape; and change in particle size over time. For particle size, the long diameter was measured. Results: Mean particle size (n=244) was 29.2±12.0 µm (range, 1–60 µm). Shape (n=109) was round in 18.35%, elliptical in 11.93%, and polygonal in 69.72%, showing that most particles were polygonal. In observations of changes in particle size over time (n=9), particles had decreased to 75% of their original size at 82±10.7 min, 50% at 89.3±9.14 min, 25% at 91.3±8.74 min, complete dissolved at 91.8±9.02 min. A rapid shrinkage in diameter was seen in the final period. Conclusions: IPM/CS particles are ultrafine and the majority display a polygonal shape. This substance shows ultra-short embolic activity. This study revealed the characteristics of a substance that demonstrates an embolic effect not found in existing embolic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manipulation of single particles remains a topic of interest with many applications. Here we characterize the impact of selected parameters on the motion of single particles thanks to dielectrophoresis (DEP) induced by visible light, in a technique called Light-induced Dielectrophoresis, or LiDEP, also known as optoelectronic tweezers, optically induced DEP, and image-based DEP. Baker's yeast and Candida cells are exposed to an electric field gradient enabled by shining a photoconductive material with a specific pattern of visible light, and their response is measured in terms of the average cell velocity towards the gradient. The impact on cell velocity when varying the shape and color of the light pattern, as well as the distance from the cell to the pattern, is presented. The experimental setup featured a commercial light projector featuring digital light processing (DLP) technology but mechanically modified to accommodate a 40× microscope objective lens. The minimal resolution achieved on the light pattern was 8 µm. Experimental results show the capability for single cell manipulation and the possibility of using different shapes, colors, and distances to determine the average cell velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical simulation of the Herschel–Bulkley laminar steady state shear flow around a stationary particle located on a sedimentation layer was carried out. The surface of the sedimentation layer was formed by hemispheres of the same radius as the particle. The drag force, lift force, and torque values were obtained in the following ranges: shear Reynolds numbers for a particle  R e S H = 2 – 200 , corresponding to laminar flow; power law index  n = 0.6 – 1.0 ; and Bingham number  B n = 0 – 10 . A significant difference in the forces and torque acting on a particle in shear flow in comparison to the case of a smooth wall is shown. It is shown that the drag coefficient is on average 6% higher compared to a smooth wall for a Newtonian fluid but decreases with the increase in non-Newtonian properties. At the edge values of  n = 0.6  and  B n = 10 , the drag is on average 25% lower compared to the smooth wall. For a Newtonian fluid, the lift coefficient is on average 30% higher compared to a smooth wall. It also decreases with the increase in non-Newtonian properties of the fluid, but at the edge values of  n = 0.6  and  B n = 10 , it is on average only 3% lower compared to the smooth wall. Approximation functions for the drag, lift force, and torque coefficient are constructed. A reduction in the drag force and lifting force leads to an increase in critical stresses (Shields number) on the wall on average by 10% for incipient motion (rolling) and by 12% for particle detachment from the sedimentation bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs are tectonically complex; their reservoirs are dominated by holes and fractures, which are extremely nonhomogeneous and are difficultly exploited. Conventional water injection can lead to water flooding, and the recovery effect is poor. This paper takes the injection of foam and solid particles to control bottom water as the research direction. Firstly, the rheological properties of foam were studied under different foam qualities and the presence of particles. The ability of foam to carry particles was tested. By designing a microcosmic model of a fractured-vuggy reservoir, we investigated the remaining oil types and the distribution caused by bottom water. Additionally, we analyzed the mechanisms of remaining oil mobilization and bottom water plugging during foam flooding and foam–particle co-injection. The experimental results showed that foam was a typical power-law fluid. Foam with a quality of 80% had good stability and apparent viscosity. During foam flooding, foam floated at the top of the dissolution cavities, effectively driving attic oil. Additionally, the gas cap is released when the foam collapses, which can provide pressure energy to supplement the energy of the reservoir. Collaborative injection of foam and solid particles into the reservoir possessed several advantages. On one hand, it inherited the benefits of foam flooding. On the other hand, the foam transported particles deep into the reservoir. Under the influence of gravity, particles settled and accumulated in the fractures or cavities, forming bridge plugs at the connection points, effectively controlling bottom water channeling. The co-injection of foam and solid particles holds significant potential for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third-body particle-involved sliding contact between two rough rubbers with wavy surfaces is experimentally studied. The experiment is designed to isolate the direct contact between the first bodies so that friction resistance is induced completely by the interactions between the third-body particle and the surfaces of the rubbers. In dry contact of a single particle, it is found that the particle exhibits pure rolling during the sliding of the first bodies, and the macroscopic friction resistance for overcoming sliding does not depend on the particle size, but it is significantly influenced by the initial position of the surface waviness relative to the particle's position. The behavior of the particle under lubricated conditions exhibited significant differences. Due to the low local friction at the interface, the particle rapidly glided down to the valley of the waviness during compression. This abrupt motion of the particle resulted in it coming to rest in a stable position, awaiting a substantial force to push it forward. The friction resistance in the case with lubrication was found to be independent of the initial position of the waviness, and its value consistently remained at the maximum found in dry contact. Therefore, lubrication actually increases the macroscopic friction resistance. An approximate solution for the specific case of dry contact is proposed to understand the friction behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of size, focusing on how small objects can be and what the smallest measurable unit is. The largest known object is the Universe, while the largest star in our galaxy is Stephenson 2 DFK 1. On the other end of the spectrum, the smallest measurable unit is the Planck length. The article also discusses the world of smallness, including sizes like nanometers and picometers. It mentions the field of quantum computing, which has the potential for computational processes beyond what is possible with standard computers. The article concludes by encouraging students to explore measurement skills and quantum computing. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction This study determines the particle emissions from five heated tobacco products (HTPs). Methods An aethalometer is used for the determination of black carbon (BC) and an aerosol monitor for total particulate matter (PM) concentration and also PM fractions (1, 2.5, 4, and 10 μm) in the mainstream emissions of 5 HTPs: IQOS, LIL, PULZE, ILUMA, and GLO. Fifteen different flavors were used, five sticks per flavor, which were smoked using a peristaltic pump under both ISO and Canadian smoking regimes. The method repeatability was determined using 15 sticks of one flavor for each brand for each smoking regime. Results All HTPs emit particles, and more than 99.7% of the particles emitted are smaller than 1 μm. Both BC and PM emissions show quite low repeatability. Particle emissions increase in relation to the heating temperature and the intensity smoking regime, and are depending on the flavor used. BC corresponds to a small percentage of total PM. Conclusions Although HTPs are promoted as products of reduced risk compared to conventional cigarettes, high particle concentrations are detected in their emissions, depending on the smoking regime, the flavor used, and the operation parameters. PM emissions vary significantly between different brands under the ISO smoking regime, probably due to the heating temperature. In contrast, PM emissions under the Canadian smoking regime do not vary significantly between different brands. This could probably be attributed to the fact that increased puff frequency does not allow the device to cool down between puffs, resulting in an increase in PM emissions for all the brands, but not dependent on the maximum heating temperature of the device. BC emissions only consist of a very small fraction of PM and do not vary significantly between different brands under both smoking regimes.

Abstract In this study, the impact of flow channel structures on the acceleration of metal particles in a vacuum environment is explored, with the aim of enhancinge the acceleration quality in the centrifugal impact molding of metal powders. To assess this phenomenon, three evaluation indices are introduced: the average speed of particles thrown $${V}_{p}$$ V p , the average speed of the particles $${V}_{all}$$ V all , and the particle velocity distribution V f (t). Additionally, the effects of six distinct runner structures on the centrifugal acceleration of the particles are analyzed in this research. The findings indicate that the arc-shaped flow channel structure not only ensures a more consistent acceleration process but also results in a higher ejection speed, leading to an improved acceleration effect. The unique contribution of this study is the examination of the relationship between flow channel designs and particle accelerations in a vacuum.

Abstract Background Imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) has long been administered intravenously as a carbapenem antibiotic. However, since this agent is poorly soluble in liquid, occasional reports have described its use as a short-acting, temporary embolic agent. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of IPM/CS particles, which are thought to have pain-relieving effects against osteoarthritis-related pain, as an embolic agent. Methods Three aspects of IPM/CS as an embolic agent were evaluated in vitro: particle size; particle shape; and change in particle size over time. For particle size, the long diameter was measured. Results Mean particle size (n=244) was 29.2±12.0 µm (range, 1–60 µm). Shape (n=109) was round in 18.35%, elliptical in 11.93%, and polygonal in 69.72%, showing that most particles were polygonal. In observations of changes in particle size over time (n=9), particles had decreased to 75% of their original size at 82±10.7 min, 50% at 89.3±9.14 min, 25% at 91.3±8.74 min, complete dissolved at 91.8±9.02 min. A rapid shrinkage in diameter was seen in the final period. Conclusions IPM/CS particles are ultrafine and the majority display a polygonal shape. This substance shows ultra-short embolic activity. This study revealed the characteristics of a substance that demonstrates an embolic effect not found in existing embolic materials.

Abstract Background The objective was to investigate self-reported hand eczema, and skin complaints at other skin locations among workers exposed to particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study on workers from one ferro-silicon smelter plant, eight chimney sweeper stations and one firefighter station across Norway. Participants answered an extended version of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2022), with additional questions about whole-body skin complaints and visible dust deposition. Results are presented as descriptive data using firefighters as reference group. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression on lifetime prevalence of hand eczema adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. P-values were calculated using likelihood ratio test against the crude OR. Results A total of 186 participants answered the questionnaire: 74 chimney sweepers, 52 firefighters and 60 smelter workers. Participation rate was 95.0, 94.5 and 63.6%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence of hand eczema was 9.5, 9.6, and 28.3%, respectively. The point prevalence of hand eczema was 1.4, 1.9 and 10.0%, respectively. We estimated OR for lifetime hand eczema in smelter workers to 4.36 [95% CI: 1.31–14.43, p = 0.016] and for lifetime skin complaints in other locations to 2.25 [95% CI: 0.98–5.18, p = 0.058]. The lifetime prevalence of skin complaints at other locations was 18.9, 23.1 and 40.0%, respectively. The point prevalence was 14.9, 9.6 and 16.7%, respectively. These estimates were not statistically significant but indicates that smelter workers have more skin complaints also at other locations. Conclusion This study reports a more than four-fold increased risk of hand eczema in smelter workers, and possibly a higher risk of skin complaints in other body locations, compared to the other occupations. Longitudinal studies with larger population are needed to verify the marked increased risk of eczema among smelters and establish causation.

Introduction: To ensure the sterility of cell products that cannot undergo conventional sterilization processes, it is imperative to establish and maintain a clean room environment, regulated through environmental monitoring, including particle counts. Nevertheless, the impact of particles generated by operators as potential contaminants remains uncertain. Thus, in this study, we conducted an accelerated test to assess the correlation between particles generated by operators and airborne bacteria, utilizing biosafety cabinets within a typical laboratory setting. These biosafety cabinets create a controlled environment with air conditioning and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, offering fundamental data relevant to cell production. Materials and methods: We conducted a simulation followed by real-time experiments involving human operations to explore the quantity of particles, particle sizes, and the percentage of bacteria within these particles. This investigation focused on conditions with heightened particle generation from operators within a biosafety cabinet. The experiment was conducted on operators wearing textile and non-woven dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. It entailed tapping the upper arms for a duration of 2 min. Results: Observations under biosafety cabinet-off conditions revealed the presence of various particles and falling bacteria in textile clothing. In contrast, no particles or falling bacteria were detected in operators wearing dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. Notably, a correlation between 5 μm particles and colony-forming units in textile clothing was identified through this analysis. The ratio of falling bacteria to the total number of particles within the biosafety cabinet was 0.8 ± 0.5 % for textile clothing, while it was significantly lower at 0.04 ± 0.2 % for dustless clothing. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the number of particles and falling bacteria varied depending on the type of clothing and that quantitative data could be used to identify risks and provide basic data for operator education and evidence-based control methods in aseptic manufacturing areas. Although, this study aims to serve as an accelerated test operating under worst-case conditions, the results need to make sure the study range in general research.

Bioassay technology has been proved important in the field of environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and clinical treatment. At present, diverse bioassay technologies have achieved reliability, rapid responsiveness, convenient operation, along with high sensitivity, and specificity. Among them, micro-nano structure particles-based bioassay will inevitably play an important role for future development. Especially, compared with typical solid, porous or hollow particles, hierarchical particles are featured with hierarchical configurations and considerable surface area, and thus have gained extensive research interest as ideal scaffolds for biological, medical and catalytic applications in biomedicine. In this review, we present the recent advances in bio-inspired hierarchical particles. After introducing a variety of hierarchical particles and their synthesis methods, we focus on their applications in multiple biological detections of different targets such as proteins, DNA, RNA, exosomes and cells. In addition, the highlighted applications of hierarchical particles in bioassays for clinical diagnosis are also summarized and prospected.

BackgroundPrinters can release particles, which is harmful to human health. However, there is insufficient research on how printing conditions affect the level of particles released by printers.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different printing conditions on the level of printer-emitted particles.MethodsThe experiment was carried out in a closed experimental chamber, and the changes in the number concentration of particles (size range: 0.25-32 μm) and ozone concentration in the experimental chamber during designed printing process were monitored with a portable aerosol particle size spectrometer and an ozone detector respectively. The monitoring included three parts: 2 min before printing as the background number concentration, printing 72 sheets with a designed printing task sets, and then 10 min after printing. A set of printing tasks with predetermined conditions included font, font size, single/double-sided printing mode, page layout, paper size, paper brand, and paper moisture content. The association between printing conditions and level of printer-emitted particles was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsWhen printing in different fonts (Song and Kai) and different font sizes (14 points and 10.5 points), the number concentration peaks of particles in the experimental chamber were 14.71-59.35 P·cm−3, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no difference in the peak concentrations of printer-emitted particles between single-sided printing and double-sided printing (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the time of peak occurrence (P middle 1/ 3> lower 1/3). No increase in the concentration of printer-emitted particles was detected when printing with B5 paper. The peak concentration of printer-emitted particles in printing paper with varying degrees of paper moisture showed differences (P0.05).ConclusionBy changing printing conditions, the levels of printer-emitted particles are affected. Among them, page layout, paper size, and degree of paper moisture have a significant impact on the results; however, single/double-sided printing, font, font size, and paper brand have no significant impact on the results.

The paper presents the experimental research findings for the patterns of collisions of water droplets with pressed tableted samples used as substrates and with small particles of a pyrolyzing solid fuel. Brown coal samples were used. Droplet-substrate interactions were studied when varying the droplet diameter in the range from 1 to 4 mm and velocity from 0.5 to 4 m/s. That corresponded to the Weber number range of 7–830. The coal tablet surface temperature was varied from 20 to 700 °C. In the interactions of water droplets (0.7–1.5 mm in diameter, pre-collision velocity from 1 to 3 m/s) with coal particles (with a size of 0.2–1 mm, pre-collision velocity 0.7–2 m/s), the temperature of the latter was varied in the range of 330–480 °C. The following regimes of the interaction of droplets with solid particles during chemical reactions and phase transformations were distinguished: spreading/agglomeration and break-up/separation. Differences in the characteristics of the interaction of water droplets with coal particles at varying temperatures were identified. Droplet-particle interaction regime maps for B(We), We(Oh) and We(Ca) were constructed. The collision regime boundaries were described using fitted curves that can be utilized to develop the existing mathematical models of droplet-particle collisions in gas. It was established that the gaseous volatile production in coal pyrolysis has a modest effect on the regimes and characteristics of the droplet destruction in the temperature range under consideration (20–700 °C).

Carbon nanomaterials are unique with excellent functionality and diverse structures. However, agglomerated structures are commonly formed because of small‐size effects and surface effects. Their hierarchical assembly into micro particles enables carbon nanomaterials to break the boundaries of classical Geldart particle classification before stable fluidization under gas‐solid interactions. Currently, there are few systematic reports regarding the structural evolution and fluidization mechanism of carbon nano agglomerations. Based on existing research on carbon nanomaterials, this article reviews the fluidized structure control and fluidization principles of prototypical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as their nanocomposites. The controlled agglomerate fluidization technology leads to the successful mass production of agglomerated and aligned CNTs. In addition, the self‐similar agglomeration of individual ultralong CNTs and nanocomposites with silicon as model systems further exemplify the important role of surface structure and particle‐fluid interactions. These emerging nano agglomerations have endowed classical fluidization technology with more innovations in advanced applications like energy storage, biomedical, and electronics. This review aims to provide insights into the connections between fluidization and carbon nanomaterials by highlighting their hierarchical structural evolution and the principle of agglomerated fluidization, expecting to showcase the vitality and connotation of fluidization science and technology in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extremely versatile naturally occurring membrane particles that convey complex signals between cells. EVs of different cellular sources are capable of inducing striking therapeutic responses in neurological disease models. Differently from pharmacological compounds that act by modulating defined signalling pathways, EV-based therapeutics possess multiple abilities via a variety of effectors, thus allowing the modulation of complex disease processes that may have very potent effects on brain tissue recovery. When applied in vivo in experimental models of neurological diseases, EV-based therapeutics have revealed remarkable effects on immune responses, cell metabolism and neuronal plasticity. This multimodal modulation of neuroimmune networks by EVs profoundly influences disease processes in a highly synergistic and context-dependent way. Ultimately, the EV-mediated restoration of cellular functions helps to set the stage for neurological recovery. With this review we first outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of EVs, describing how EVs released from various cellular sources identify their cellular targets and convey signals to recipient cells. Then, mechanisms of action applicable to key neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Pathways that deserve attention in specific disease contexts are discussed. We subsequently showcase considerations about EV biodistribution and delineate genetic engineering strategies aiming at enhancing brain uptake and signalling. By sketching a broad view of EV-orchestrated brain plasticity and recovery, we finally define possible future clinical EV applications and propose necessary information to be provided ahead of clinical trials. Our goal is to provide a steppingstone that can be used to critically discuss EVs as next generation therapeutics for brain diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On June 24, 2017, a catastrophic landslide destroyed the village of Xinmo (Maoxian County, Sichuan, China). A 2.87 × 106 m3 rock mass in source area collapsed and entrained the surface soil layer along the run-out path. This disaster took eighty-three people's lives and destroyed more than 103 houses. It is worth noting that rock fragmentation and grinding could expand the spreading area of danger zone in a landslide event. The Xinmo landslide provided a rare opportunity to infer the dynamic fragmentation and grinding of rock masses from the particle size and shape distribution in the entrainment and deposition area. A field investigation combined with an automatic image analysis system was conducted to study the characteristics of particle size and shape distribution along the debris channel. The image analysis of these field data showed that the median size (D50) of particles ranged from 0.41 to 27.71 m in the landslide area. Particle fractal dimension (D) obtained from the Number-size distribution ranged from 1.77 to 2.97 over the entire study area. Moreover, the evolution of D50 and D along the run-out path confirmed that the degree of cumulative rock fragmentation increased as the travel distance increased. Additionally, the particle roundness (R) ranged from 0.51 to 0.88 along the run-out path, which peaked twice during the motion of granular flow, once was in the entrainment area, and another was in the end of the deposition area. Rock scraping occurred in the entrainment area could increase the degree of rock grinding, and reshape coarse stones into smooth particles of large R values (larger roundness of particles could lead to longer spreading distance in a landslide event, due to the lower internal friction among particles). Based on analysis above, the rock scraping phenomena occurred between the source materials and entrainment materials were confirmed to influence the translation and spread of granular flows in landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of new and used catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with different catalyst loadings on the particulate emissions including the particle mass (PM), particle number (PN), particle size distribution (PSD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) from a diesel vehicle were investigated based on a heavy chassis dynamometer. Results showed that more than 97.9% of the PN and 95.4% of the PM were reduced by the CDPF, and the reduction efficiency was enhanced by the catalyst loading. After using the CDPF, the PSD transformed from bimodal to trimodal with the peak shifting towards smaller particle size, more nucleation mode particles were reduced compared with accumulation mode ones, but the reduction effect on the accumulation mode particles was more significantly influenced by the catalyst loading. Notably, the CDPF increased the accumulation mode particles proportion, producing a larger GMD. For the used CDPF, its reduction effect on the particulate emissions enhanced, especially for the PM in accumulation mode. The PSD returned to bimodal, but the peak at accumulation mode began to be higher than that at nucleation mode, illustrating that more nucleation mode particles was removed. The aging of the CDPF resulted in greater effect on the PN-based PSD than that of PM-based PSD, but the effect of catalyst loading on the PN and PM emission factors was weakened. The used CDPF further increased the GMD, and the effect of catalyst loading on the GMD was strengthened, a higher catalyst loading led to a reduction in the GMD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past evaluation of particle contamination on packaged implants has typically been conducted using US Pharmacopeia (USP) 788, a 1970s pharmaceutical guideline created to evaluate contaminant particles in injectable fluids and syringes. Our objective was to reestablish relevant acceptance criteria for residual orthopedic and other implant debris, including smaller particles (i.e., <10 μm in diameter). Packaged total hip arthroplasty (THA) titanium (Ti6Al4V)‐alloy femoral stems were used (hydroxyapatite [HA]‐coated and non‐coated stems). Short‐term ultrasonication and longer‐term 24‐hour soak/agitation methods were used to elute surface‐bound contaminant particles, and released particles were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis, image analysis, and particle characterization. For HA‐coated THA‐stems, >99% of eluted particles were calcium phosphate. For plain non‐coated THA‐stems, >99% of eluted particles were titanium‐alloy‐based. The number‐based median size of particles in both groups was approximately 1.5 μm in diameter despite being composed of different materials. The total volume of particulate removed from HA‐coated stems was 0.037 mm3 (671 × 103 particles total), which was approximately >50‐fold more volume than that on plain non‐coated stems at 0.0006 mm3 (89 × 103 particles total). Only non‐coated THA stems passed reestablished USP788 acceptance criteria, compared by using equivalent total volumes of contaminant particulate within new and legacy guideline ranges of >10 and >25 μm ECD, that is, <1.0 × 107 particles for <1 μm diameter in size, <600,000 for <1–10 μm, <6000 for 10–25 μm and <600 for >25 μm. These results fill a knowledge gap on how much residual debris can be expected to exist on packaged implants and can be used as a basis for updating acceptance criteria (i.e., termed USP788‐Implant [USP788‐I]). Residual implant particulate assessment is critical given the increasing implant complexity and new manufacturing techniques (e.g., additive manufacturing). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Refractories / Naihuo Cailiao is the property of Naihuo Cailia (Refractories) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The combined effect of cavitation and silt abrasion presents a great challenge and threat to secure the operation and the efficiency of hydraulic machineries working in sediment-laden fluid. The present paper critically reviews the current research progress on the interaction mechanisms of the bubbles and the particles. Firstly, the analytical models including boundary treatment methods for predicting the jet dynamics of the bubble collapse near particles are demonstrated. Secondly, the bubble collapsing dynamics, jet dynamics and shock wave characteristics near particles are revealed both experimentally and numerically. Finally, the bubble-particle-wall system is investigated with a focus on microjets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computational study was performed of the transport of both non-adhesive and adhesive particles in a porous bed with a body-centred cubic (BCC) structure. Pore-scale simulation of the flow within the porous bed was achieved through combining the immersed boundary method and the lattice Boltzmann method. Particle transport is computed using an adhesive discrete-element method based on a multi-time-scale soft-sphere model. The fluid flow results are validated by comparison with experimental data for dimensionless permeability of flow in a porous bed of spheres. For computations with non-adhesive particles, the particles are observed to drift to the centre of ‘channels’ in the BCC array, within which most of the fluid flow occurs. The mechanism of this inward drift was found to be related to the phenomenon of oscillatory clustering, which is an inertial drift mechanism observed for particles in a corrugated channel. A measure for particle drift into these channels was developed, and the time rate of change of this measure was found to compare closely with an approximate theoretical prediction based on oscillatory clustering theory. The drift measure was observed to be limited at long time by hold-up of outlier particles caught in long-duration collisions with the fixed bed particles in regions of low fluid velocity magnitude. Simulations with adhesive particles exhibited marked increase in collision duration, as well as inhibition of the tendency to drift toward the flow channels due to adhesive hold-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) is the most important and advanced part of the after-treatment technology route. After the exhaust passes through DOC, CO, and HC will be significantly reduced, while particles are mainly captured by the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) device behind. In order to further investigate the effect of DOC on the nano-structure characteristics of diesel emission particles. The particles before and after DOC of 186FA diesel engine at 2700 r/min, 100% load, and 3600 r/min, 100% load are collected. The nano-structure characteristics of particles are investigated using field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) combined with small angle X-ray scattering radiation technique (SAXS). Based on FETEM and SAXS analysis of particles, a nano-scale particle spatial structure model including particle size, pores, and visual boundary layer is proposed. The results show that the average radius, interface layer thickness, and fractal dimension of the particles are reduced after the DOC. In contrast, the specific surface area of the particles is increased after the DOC. At 3600 r/min 100% load, the average radius is reduced from 23.3 to 21.5 nm, accounting for 7.8%. Interface layer thickness is reduced from 13.3 to 12.9 nm. The specific surface area of the particles is increased from 0.146 to 0.166 m² /mm³ . The research results provide a theoretical basis for the regeneration and oxidation of particles in DPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneity of the glioma subtype glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) challenges effective neuropathological treatment. The reliance on in vitro studies and xenografted animal models to simulate human GBM has proven ineffective. Currently, a dearth of knowledge exists regarding the applicability of cell line biomolecules to the realm of GBM pathogenesis. Our study's objectives were to address this preclinical issue and assess prominin-1, ICAM-1, PARTICLE and GAS5 as potential GBM diagnostic targets. The methodologies included haemoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. The findings identified that morphology correlates with malignancy in GBM patient pathology. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed prominin-1 in pseudo-palisades adjacent to necrotic foci in both animal and human GBM. Evidence is presented for an ICAM-1 association with degenerating vasculature. Significantly elevated nuclear PARTICLE expression from in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR reflected its role as a tumor activator. GAS5 identified within necrotic GBM validated this potential prognostic biomolecule with extended survival. Here we present evidence for the stem cell marker prominin-1 and the chemotherapeutic target ICAM-1 in a glioma animal model and GBM pathology sections from patients that elicited alternative responses to adjuvant chemotherapy. This foremost study introduces the long non-coding RNA PARTICLE into the context of human GBM pathogenesis while substantiating the role of GAS5 as a tumor suppressor. The validation of GBM biomarkers from cellular models contributes to the advancement towards superior detection, therapeutic responders and the ultimate attainment of promising prognoses for this currently incurable brain cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the air quality and infection risk in classrooms were the focus of many investigations. Despite general recommendations for sufficient ventilation, quantitative analyses were often lacking due to the large number of combinations of boundary conditions. Hence, in this paper, we describe a computational fluid dynamics model that predicts the time-resolved airflow for a typical 45 min classroom scenario. We model 28 students and a teacher, each emitting CO2 and an individual aerosol. We investigated 13 ventilation setups with window or mechanical ventilation and different positions and operating conditions of an additional air purifier. The ventilation performance is assessed by evaluating the ventilation effectiveness, aerosol removal effectiveness, local air exchange efficiency and overall inhaled aerosol mass of the occupants, which is a measure of the infection risk. If the window is opened according to the "20-5-20" recommendation, the incoming airflow reduces both the CO2 and aerosol concentration whilst decreasing the thermal comfort at low ambient temperatures. An active air purifier enhances aerosol removal, but, depending on the position, the local air exchange efficiency and individual aerosol inhalation vary. If mechanical ventilation with 700 m3/h is utilised, the CO2 concentration is kept below 1250 ppm while also effectively removing aerosol from the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particles and crystals constitute a unique class of toxic agents that humans are constantly exposed to both endogenously and from the environment. Deposition of particulates in the body is associated with a range of diseases and toxicity. The mechanism by which particulates cause disease remains poorly understood due to the lack of mechanistic insights into particle-biological interactions. Recent research has revealed that many particles and crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor. Activated NLRP3 forms a supramolecular complex with an adaptor protein to activate caspase 1, which in turn activates IL-1β and IL-18 to instigate inflammation. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome dampen inflammatory responses to particulates. Nonetheless, how particulates activate NLRP3 remains a challenging question. From this perspective, we discuss our current understanding of and progress on revealing the function and mode of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating adaptive and pathologic responses to particulates in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal changes in the volume of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) following middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization vary. We aimed to determine whether CSDH density on computed tomography is related to hematoma resolution following particle MMA embolization. Patients who underwent MMA embolization for CSDH were enrolled. The CSDHs were quantitatively divided into 2 hematoma groups based on the hematoma density at 1-week postembolization: low-density or high-density. The temporal change in the volume of CSDHs was then analyzed between the groups. Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. Three patients with high-density hematomas required rescue surgery. The hematoma volume was significantly lower in low-density hematomas than in high-density hematoma at 1-week (P = 0.006), 1-month (P = 0.003), and 2-month (P = 0.004) postembolization; although the volume converged to a similar value at 3-month (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between hematoma density at 1-week postembolization and percentage hematoma volume at 1-week and 1-month postembolization (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively), but no correlation was observed between hematoma density before MMA embolization and percentage hematoma volume at 1-week and 1-month postembolization (P = 0.54 and P = 0.17, respectively). Rapid resolution of CSDH following MMA embolization was associated with low hematoma density at 1-week postembolization. Based on hematoma density on computed tomography at 1-week postembolization, a 1-month follow-up would be sufficient in cases of low density, but a 3-month follow-up would be required in cases of high-density hematoma. Larger studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Localized chemotherapy is emerging as a potential strategy for cancer treatment due to its low systemic toxicity. However, the immune evasion of tumor cells and the lack of an intelligent design of the delivery system limit its clinical application. Herein, photothermal responsive microcarriers are designed by microfluidic electrospray for colorectal tumor treatment. The microcarriers loaded with Cangrelor, 5‐FU and MXene (G‐M@F/C+NIR) show sustained delivery of antiplatelet drug Cangrelor, thus inhibiting the activity of platelets, interactions of platelet‐tumor cell, as well as the tumor cells invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the sustained delivery of chemotherapeutics 5‐FU and the photothermal effect provided by MXene enable the microcarriers to inhibit tumor cells proliferation and migration. In vivo studies validate that the G‐M@F/C+NIR microcarriers significantly inhibites tumor growth, decreased the expression of Ki‐67 in tumor cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor microenvironment, while increased the expression of E‐cadherin. It is believe that by means of the proposed photothermal responsive microcarriers, the synergistic strategy of platelet inhibition, chemotherapy, and photothermal therapy can find practical applications in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impetus to write this paper was an analysis of the expression as if (akoby) as a component of the "equivalence" principle and the determination of its legitimacy as a component of the "behavior" principle. The study is focused on the search for further connections between the verbal behavior of the speaker and the linguistic aspects of as if (akoby) because it is used as a manifestation of motivated, ego-related and assertive verbal behavior. As if (akoby) can be viewed as: (a) a component of the principle of verbal behavior that attributes an egocentric meaning to the speaker's behavior; (b) an egocentric expression of the hypotaxis with an implicit speaker and the semantics of circumstantial and characteristic contexts; (c) a pragmatic marker of the speaker's ego-related interpretation of facts. Interpretation, which is grasped at the following two levels, is the methodological framework of the monitored aspects: (i) in the sense of the ego-related evaluation of a fact or event by the speaker, i.e. in the sense of participatory interpretation, and (ii) in the sense of explaining the verbal behavior of the speaker, i.e. in the sense of searching for the motives, intentions and goals that form the preconditions for his/her verbal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motion and distribution of ash from coal gasification during the scrubbing and cooling process are crucial for revealing the fluid flow pattern and improving the efficiency of multiphase separation. Experimental measurements of the local solid holdup (ε s) in the liquid pool of a laboratory-scale gas-liquid-solid three-phase scrubbing-cooling chamber were carried out using an optical fiber probe. The fluctuations of ε s in time and frequency domains under different operating conditions were discussed. The axial and radial distribution of ε s was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that inter-particle collision and particle-fluid interaction are the key factors leading to a fluctuation in particle concentration. Axial uniformity of particle concentration can be quantified by solid-phase volume fraction, particle Reynolds number, Archimedes number, and Morton number; ε s in different regions is expressed according to the degree of influence of bubble wake as a correlation equation consisting only of cross-sectional average solid holdup and dimensionless radial position; a dimensionless expression for ε s concerning operating conditions was established. [Display omitted] • The particle concentration fluctuation and distribution uniformity were studied. • The correlation equation of Ho quantifies the uniformity of the axial distribution of ε s. • The application of the radial distribution model of ε s expressed by ε s ¯ and r / R is extended. • The established power-law expressions for ε s predict well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a novel type of variable stiffness tuned particle damper (TPD) for reducing vibrations in boring bars. The TPD integrates the developments of particle damping and dynamical vibration absorber, whose frequency tuning principle is established through an equivalent theoretical model. Based on the multiphase flow theory of gas-solid, it is effective to obtain the equivalent damping and stiffness of the particle damping. The dynamic equations of the coupled system, consisting of a boring bar with the TPD, are built by Hamilton's principle. The vibration suppression of the TPD is assessed by calculating the amplitude responses of the boring bar both with and without the TPD by the Newmark-beta algorithm. Moreover, an improvement is proposed to the existing gas-solid flow theory, and a comparative analysis of introducing the stiffness term on the damping effect is presented. The parameters of the TPD are optimized by the genetic algorithm, and the results indicate that the optimized TPD effectively reduces the peak response of the boring bar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains guidelines and provides a basic understanding of how to do experiments in dye adsorption using carbon. This paper presents a step-by-step experimental procedure from carbon preparation (as biochar) from agricultural waste to concentration measurement using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. We used agricultural waste as a model due to its high cellulose and organic content, making it easily converted into carbon. Furthermore, carbon is used as a model bioadsorbent for water treatment by the adsorption method. Here, the wastewater model used in this study is water containing organic dyes. As for the dye source model, curcumin was used in this study. This paper can be used as a guide for researchers and students in the fabrication of carbon from agricultural waste biomass easily and inexpensively for its application as an adsorbent in the batch adsorption process. This paper also supports the current issues in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the comparison of fully differential ionization data for particle and antiparticle impact provides the ultimate tests of theoretical models, only very low antiparticle beam intensities are available. Hence, few experiments of this type have been performed. Therefore, available experimentally obtained single and double differential cross-sections, which are much easier to obtain, are compared in order to demonstrate differences when only the projectile mass or charge (+1 or −1) is changed. Included in the comparison are cross-sections calculated for positron and electron impact using a three-particle classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. The calculated cross-sections provide independent information about the ejected electron and the scattered projectile contributions, plus information about the impact parameters, all as functions of the collision kinematics. From these comparisons, suggestions as to where future investigations are both feasible and useful are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulsions containing crystalline dispersed phases hold significant importance in pharmaceutical, chemical, and life science industries. The industrial agitation and storage of these emulsions can prompt crystallization effects within the flow field, intersecting with the primary nucleation mechanisms. Notably, contact-mediated nucleation, in which subcooled droplets crystallize upon contact with a crystalline particle, and shear-induced crystallization due to droplet deformation, are both conceivable phenomena. This study delves into the crystallization processes of emulsions in a 1 L stirred vessel, integrating an ultrasonic probe to monitor droplet crystallization progression. By scrutinizing the influence of the flow field and of the emulsifiers stabilizing the droplets, our investigation unveils the direct impact of enhanced rotational speed on accelerating the crystallization rate, correlating with increased energy input. Furthermore, the concentration of emulsifiers is observed to positively affect the crystallization process. Significantly, this pioneering investigation marks the first evaluation of emulsion crystallization considering the overlapping nucleation mechanisms seen in industrial production of melt emulsions. The findings offer valuable insights for more systematic control strategies in emulsion crystallization processes, promising more efficient and sustainable industrial practices by enabling targeted application of shear and surfactants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology has established microfluidics as a pivotal field. This technology marks the onset of a new era in various applications, including drug testing, cell culture, and disease monitoring, underscoring its extensive practicality and potential for future exploration. This research delves into the intricate behavior of particle inertial migration within microchannels, particularly focusing on the impact of different channel structures and Reynolds numbers (Re). Our studies reveal that particles in microchannels with one-sided sharp-cornered microstructures migrate towards the sharp corner at a relative position of 0.4 under low flow rates, and towards the straight wall side at a relative position of 0.8 under high flow rates. The migration pattern of equilibrium positions varies with different arrangements of sharp-corner structures, achieving stability at the channel's center only when the sharp corners are symmetrically arranged on both sides. Our investigation into the shape of microstructures indicates that sharp-cornered structures generate a more stable secondary flow compared to rectangular and semi-circular structures, preventing particle aggregation at the outlet. To address the challenges associated with handling variable cross-section geometries and solid-wall boundaries in dissipative particle dynamics methods effectively, we have developed a dissipative particle dynamics model specifically for analyzing such microchannels. Building upon our previous research, this model introduces a conservative force coefficient for particles within the microstructured region and an interaction zone that only involves repulsive forces, aligning well with experimental outcomes. Through the study of microstructures' geometric shapes, this paper offers guidance for designing microchannels for particle enrichment. Furthermore, the dissipative particle dynamics model established for the particle flow and solid structure interaction within microstructured channels provides insights into the mesoscale dynamics of liquid-solid two-phase flow and particle motion. In conclusion, this paper aims to enhance particle motion sample preparation techniques, thereby broadening the scope of microfluidic applications in the biomedical field.