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The power transfer technique used to charge electric vehicles (EVs) has gone through a large development lately. Developing a purely autonomous vehicle has motivated researchers to implement the wireless power transfer technique to charge the EV battery. Previously developed EV used a pure grid-dependent charging system, increasing the net energy consumption from the grid. The vehicle weight also reduces the vehicle's reliability with the increase in the size of the battery. This limitation is eliminated by the proposed technique that uses a wireless EV battery charging system with a utility grid. This article presents an improved system for supplying photovoltaic (PV) power to an EV used in a grid-interfaced residential system. This power electronic converter-based interfacing system facilitates a bidirectional power flow technique for feeding extra PV panel power to the grid and charging the EV using utility grid power during the unavailability of solar power. A bidirectional cycloconverter is employed, which delivers a variable frequency concerning modes of operation of the system. The experimental prototype employs an opal-RT real-time simulator for integrating the proposed system into the grid. This article presents the comparison of the simulation and experimentation results of the wireless EV charging system.

This paper compares the efficiency of a modified wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a current-fed dual-active half-bridge converter topology and a complete bridge converter topology for a current-fed resonate compensation network with current sharing and voltage doubler. Full-bridge topologies are widely used in current WPT structures. The C-C-L resonate compensation networks for dual-active half-bridge converter and full-bridge converter topologies are built in this paper on both the transmitter and receiver sides. Due to higher voltage stress around inverter switches, series-parallel (S-P) tanks are not recommended for current-fed topologies because they are not ideal for medium power applications. A series capacitor is connected to reduce the reactive power absorbed by the loosely coupled coil. As a consequence, the C-C-L network is used as a compensation network. Dual-active half-bridge topology is chosen over full-bridge topology due to the system’s component count and overall cost. Soft-switching of the devices is obtained for the load current. The entire system is modelled, and the effects are analysed using MATLAB simulation.

In the present study, combustion technique is adopted to study the impact of Mg2+ ion doping on ZnAI2O4 nanoparticles (NPs). L-arginine is used as a fuel component. The Mg2+ ions play a pivotal role in persuading various characteristics of ZnAI2O4 NPs. Various characterization technqiues such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were carried out in order to synthesize the nanoparticles. Single phase cubic spinel structure of ZnAl2O4 (gahnite) formation was confirmed from the XRD characterization process of the nanoparticles. Estimated average crystallite size range of 11.85 nm to 19.02 nm was observed from Debye-Scherrer. Spherical morphology with uniform distributions was observed from HR-SEM characterization images. From the band gap studies, the attained band gap values were found to lie within 5.41 eV–4.66 eV range. The ZnAl2O4 and Mg:ZnAl2O4 NPs exhibited super-paramagnetic nature confirmed by magnetic measurements. The obtained results make ZnAl2O 4and Mg:ZnAl2O4 NPs appropriate for various optical, catalytic, energy and data storage applications.

Many application systems in today’s smart grid network comprise a variety of middleware components, such as vibrating or spinning electrical equipment, data bases, storage, caches, and identification services, among others. Each component is a discrete bundle of physical or virtual computers that will generate a large amount of data in the form of logs and metrics, and failure of these high-vibrating machines will result in the system’s entire shutdown. As a result, the condition monitoring system for this smart grid equipment is more dependable and efficient in predicting the machine’s health ahead of time. To analyze the data and derive any inferences for future analysis and anomaly detection, we’ll need a separate system, which will take longer to handle data given by each component and will demand additional processing resources. As a result, in this chapter, machine learning methods are used to identify abnormalities or condition monitoring for smart grid equipment and machines. Here, we used two separate methods: multivariate statistical analysis by calculating Mob distance and auto encoders, which is an artificial neural network approach. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that these apps are effective in identifying anomaly ahead of time, i.e. before a few days.

This work presents the novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach for a small 50 W photovoltaic (PV) system using the dc-dc converter. The method of modeling of PV module is discussed. The firefly (FFY) algorithm and the perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm are combined to implement MPPT of the PV system connected to battery load. The operating principle is discussed in detail and steady-state analysis of the proposed system is implemented through simulation. The charging profile of the 7.5 Ah VRL battery is also studied using simulation. Furthermore, a low-cost microcontroller-based experimental setup rated at 50 W system connected to battery load was built to implement a hybrid FFY-P&O algorithm. The experimental results are in same as the simulation result. In contrast to the traditional P&O approach, it demonstrated the quick and efficient maximum power point operation triggered by a sudden transition in the environment.

In the present study, combustion technique is adopted to study the impact of Mg

The proposed system facilitates uninterruptable charging of a photovoltaic (PV) fed plug-in electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system irrespective of solar irradiation conditions by integrating utility grid to the battery charging system. The system employs bidirectional cycloconverter (BDCC) in order to use utility grid as source or sink during different modes of operation which depends on the availability of solar power. During low irradiation condition, the utility grid acts as a backup source in order to facilitate uninterruptable charging of the EV battery. When surplus power is generated from the PV panel, it is fed to the utility grid, which acts as sink in this mode. For uninterruptable EV battery charging, the controller operates the switches and relays in the proposed system corresponding to solar irradiation level. The available literatures define complex control strategies which are solved in this proposed system by adopting a simple dynamic control algorithm. The simulation of the proposed system has been carried out using PSIM simulation software and experimental prototype has been designed, developed and tested for different modes of operations to validate the efficacy of the proposed system.

Modulation scheme in multilevel inverters (MLI) carries an important role in efficient power conversion from DC to AC power. They are superior in performance to the conventional two and three-level inverters. Recently, the Low Switching Frequency modulation schemes have gained a good amount of significance over High Switching Frequency modulation schemes because of their various advantages such as reduced switching losses, lower device cooling requirements, higher converter efficiency and so on. A Fibonacci series based NLM scheme named as F-NLM is presented in this paper where several iterations were carried out to arrive at an optimal set of switching angles following the Fibonacci number series. An asymmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (CHBI) is taken up for the study to generate a nine-level MLI output. We carried simulations out in MATLAB environment, and we found the proposed modulation scheme to reduce the voltage THD and improve the power quality.

Electric vehicles (EV) are found to be a good alternative for the conventional internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles in transportation sector due to its various advantages. Now-a-days, wireless charging of EV battery is preferred among the various methods used for charging EV battery. In this paper, extensive review is carried out on various methods used for wireless charging of an EV battery. Different techniques used for transferring power in wireless mode to charge the EV battery are static EV charging technique and dynamic EV charging technique. Static wireless EV battery charging technique adopts inductive and capacitive method for transferring power whereas, dynamic wireless EV battery charging technique adopts only inductive method for transferring power. These techniques are discussed thoroughly in this paper and broad review is carried out with a focus on the compensation circuit topologies, types of core for magnetic coupled inductors, different converters and controllers used for wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Also, design aspects of an static wireless EV battery charging system along with its equivalent circuit analysis is presented in this paper. Challenges and future development in wireless charging of EV battery is also explained in this paper.

A grid tied photovoltaic system using modular multilevel inverter topology is proposed in this paper. Basic unit structure of modular multilevel inverter used in this system is capable of converting DC power from PV array to AC power for feeding power to the household loads or utility grid. The proposed modular multilevel inverter structure has lesser power electronic devices compared to the existing multilevel inverter topologies. The proposed system generates a nearly sinusoidal signal and achieves better output profile with low total harmonic distortion. Simulation of the proposed system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software and the results are presented.

Development in power converter research area has given birth to many derived converter systems. A derived converter is invented by employing the advantages of available conventional converters. The derived converters carry many advantages compared to the conventional converters such as: lesser operational loss, single stage power conversion, simplified control circuit, usage of less number of power electronic components, less manufacturing cost and compact design in order to fit for most of the power electronic applications. Derived converters play a major role in integrating renewable energy system to the present smart home system. This paper focuses on the review of different derived converters available with their control strategies and their advantages and limitations.

This paper proposes a nearest level modulation (NLM) scheme for a Cross-Connected Sources (CCS) based MLI topology. The proposed modulation scheme is found to facilitate a reduction in the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the ac output of the inverter. The modulation scheme employs low switching frequency to operate the MLI. The paper presents an explanatory description of the NLM scheme in order to help the upcoming researchers for designing efficient MLI system. Simulation has been implemented using the MATLAB/Simulink 2015b software package. The simulation results indicate a significant reduction in the voltage THD and current THD. Improvement in the other output parameters of the inverter such as rms voltage, rms current and output power is also seen.

A selective harmonics elimination (SHE) method for Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI) is proposed in this paper. The proposed modulation scheme is a low switching frequency modulation scheme and it is derived from the nearest level modulation scheme. The proposed modulation scheme reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) at the ac output of the inverter. The SHE follows an algorithm presented in the paper in order to arrive at a set of switching angles for MLI which offers reduced THD. The Simulation is carried out using MATLAB / Simulink 2015b software and the results are presented which validates the simulation results. Results show that the lower order harmonics are eliminated in the THD content with the use of proposed modulation scheme. As a result of the improved THD content, improvement in the other inverter parameters such as rms voltage, rms current and output power is also observed.

Objectives: Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is developing rapidly in Electrical Vehicle applications. Along with WPT, the benefits of Photovoltaic (PV) array are exploited and a system is proposed for extracting the power from PV array to charge the Electric Vehicle (EV) battery through Series-Series compensated network in WPT mode. Methods/Analysis: Recently, resonance phenomenon is widely used in transferring power efficiently to the load over a large air gap. Since, various reactive components contribute to resonance, there are many resonating frequencies. Hence, a frequency analysis of series-series compensator is carried out. The proposed system is simulated in Powersim (PSIM) software and the experimental set up has been built and tested in the laboratory. Findings: Frequency analysis of the proposed system helps in identifying the operating frequency at which the resonance with unity voltage gain is achieved irrespective of load variations in Series-Series wireless power transmission systems. Both simulation and experimental results are furnished in this paper for validating the proposed system. Applications/Improvements: As the power transfer is in wireless mode, the proposed system can be used in any climatic conditions for charging the EV. Also, closed loop controllers can be developed for improving the performance of the proposed system.

This paper proposes renewable energy based water pumping system in a smart home using a bidirectional DC-DC converter. A backup battery is connected in the system for uninterrupted power supply to the water pump. Depending upon source availability, DC-DC converter acts either in boost mode or in buck mode to supply uninterrupted power to the water pump. Using MATLAB/Simulink software, the proposed system is simulated and its performance is analyzed for various operating conditions and the results are furnished in this paper. A small scale laboratory prototype is fabricated and tested for the designed system. Experimental results acquired from the prototype testing correlates with the simulation results validating the feasibility of the proposed water pumping system.