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Mikó, István, Rahman, Sarthok Rasique, Anzaldo, Salvatore S., Kamp, Thomas van de, Parslow, Ben A., Tatarnic, Nikolai J., Wetherington, Maxwell T., Anderson, Julie, Schilder, Rudolf J., Ulmer, Jonah M., Deans, Andrew R., Hines, Heather M. (2019): Fat in the Leg: Function of the Expanded Hind Leg in Gasteruptiid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (2019), No. 2: 1-16, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixy020, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy020

Aulacus tasmanicus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 46, 66. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, ��� Tasmania. A. Simson (SAM). Right antenna missing flagellomeres 8 to tip, ovipositor sheaths missing, left fore wing damaged in discal/subdiscal and submarginal regions. Paratype. Tasmania: 1♂, Cambridge, C. Cole, 20.2.[19]16 (SAM). Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.1 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma black (Figs 46A, B), except antenna dark brown, scape and pedicel lighter, coxae dark brown, remainder of fore and mid legs orange, hind legs brown, except hind apical half basitarsus and segments 2���4 cream, metasoma dark brown, ovipositor orange. Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wings (Fig. 46B). Head. 1.10�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 46C); face rugose, pubescence long; with subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, pubescence short; vertex rugose, a few scattered punctures, with a few lateral striations posteriorly, scattered short setae (Fig. 44C); gena rugose, a few scattered punctures, with a few lateral striations dorso-posteriorly, scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.11�� height eye; clypeus 4.3�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, medial process present; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.82�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.2�� as long as scape, 0.7�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina hidden; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view round antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes rugose, medial lobe tending to rugose-strigate posteriorly (Figs 46D,E), with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and shallow (Fig. 46D); scutellum and axillae strigate-rugose, scutellum with two deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin slightly convex; mesopleuron rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron areolate, patch anteriorly before spiracle rugose, long scattered setae; propodeum areolate (Fig. 44F), posterior margin largely smooth, a few pronounced carinae; hind coxa strigate dorsally and laterally (Fig. 46F), pubescence long, denser laterally, ovipositor guide medial and oblique; hind trochanter imbricate, setae pubescence; prefemur on hind leg distinct; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.73�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.25�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 2.0�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.0�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 1.0�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.45�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 equidistant hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.82�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 46B); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous, T1 smooth with a few scattered punctures, T2 imbricate with a few scattered shallow punctures, T3���T8 imbricate, each tergite largely glabrous anteriorly but short setae becoming denser posteriorly; ovipositor 5.5 mm. MALE. Similar to female, except length 7.6 mm; metapleuron areolate, patch anteriorly before spiracle smooth medially. Etymology. This species is named in reference to Tasmania. Distribution. This species is known only from Tasmania (Fig. 66). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus tasmanicus is similar to A. truncates. Both species have a medial, oblique ovipositor guide on the hind coxae but differ substantially in colouration, A. tasmanicus having the head and mesosoma black, and metasoma dark brown whereas in A. truncatus, the head and mesosoma are black, the metasoma predominantly dark brown, and T1 and T2 are paler. See key for other differences., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus deansi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 16, 58. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Mt. Dandenong, Vict [oria]. 200 m II, 11-22". (ANIC). Paratype. Victoria: 1♀, Mt. Dandenong, 300 m II, 13-29, no collector (AEI). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.2 (5.6–6.6) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Mesosoma black, head orange except for variable amounts of dark brown medially on frons and vertex, scape and pedicel orange, flagellomeres dark brown, propleuron orange, pronotum orange anteriorly, fore and middle legs orange, hind legs dark brown except femora and tibia lighter, metasoma orange except T1 and T2 dark brown, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, ovipositor orange; wings hyaline except for indistinct brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 16A). Head. 1.42 (1.40–1.44)× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 16C); face rugose-reticulate, with scattered short setae; distinct sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugosereticulate, with scattered short setae; vertex and gena reticulate with scattered shallow punctures, with scattered short setae (Fig. 16C); posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.13× height eye; clypeus 3.3× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with small medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.7× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.40 (1.33–1.47)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 0.93 (0.91–0.95)× as long as scape, 0.85 (0.80–0.90)× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron imbricate, pubescence long laterally, ventro-lateral carina weak; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 16D), medial and lateral lobes coarsely rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae coarsely rugose, scutellum anteriorly with a single deep depression; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin almost straight; mesopleuron and metapleuron coarsely rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; propodeum coarsely rugose, posterior margin smooth; hind coxae rugulose dorsally, with a few striations, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide somewhat distal, transverse (Fig. 16F), distal fringe of long setae, scattered long setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.76 (0.74–0.78)× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.80 (2.67–2.92)× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.47 (1.44–1.50)× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.9 (1.8–2.0)× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.63× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation incomplete, M+Cu and Cu absent, r-m and apical 10% of 2-M spectral, weakly pigmented, with 3 hamuli on left, 4 hamuli on right wing. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.32 (1.30–1.44)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 16B); T1 and T2 broad, glabrous; ovipositor 7.6 (7.5–7.7) mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after Andy Deans, University of Illinois, an evaniid wasp expert. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality Mt. Dandenong, Victoria (Fig. 58). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus deansi keys out with A. festivus. Both species have a transverse ovipositor guide on the hind coxae, but the guide is somewhat distal in A. deansi compared with medial in A. festivus. As well, A. deansi is a smaller species (length 6.2 (5.6–6.6) mm, excluding ovipositor) than A. festivus (length 12.5 mm, excluding ovipositor). There are also colouration differences (see key).

Aulacus bashfordi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 8, 56. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, ���Bicheno, Tas, Tree 14, Em[erged] 17-01-1984 R. Bashford (TMAG). Left antennomeres 8 to tip missing, right antennomeres 7 to tip missing, right fore leg tarsomere 5 and claw missing, right mid tarsus missing. Paratypes. Tasmania: Geveston, 30.x.1980, emerged 16.xii.1980, R. Bashford (Host: Epithora dorsalis (Cerambycidae) (TMAG); 1♀, same data as holotype, 7.x.1982, emerged 21.xi.1983 (Host: Epithora dorsalis (Macleay) (Cerambycidae); (TMAG) (Host: Epithora dorsalis (Macleay) (Cerambycidae); 2♀, same data as holotype, emerged 3.i.1984 (TMAG); 1♂, same data as holotype, emerged 27.i.1984 (TMAG); 2♂ same data as holotype, emerged 7.ii.1984 (emerged from eucalyptus infested with Epithora dorsalis and Coptocercus rubripres (Cerambycidae) (TMAG); Christ College, University of Tasmania Campus, 42.56��� S, 147.21��� E, on wood pile, 5.II.1992 D.S. Horning (ANIC). Description. FEMALE. Length. 10 (8.7���11.6) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Black, except scape orange, fore and mid trochanters dark orange, all femora orange, fore and mid tarsomeres 1���4 cream, all tarsomeres 5 brown, hind tibiae dark brown and first two-thirds basitarsus dark brown, apical one-third basitarsus and tarsomeres 2���4 cream, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, cream band between about 65���85% of length, ovipositor orange-brown. Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation (spot) apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wings (Fig. 8B). Head. 1.1�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face rugose, pubescence long, dense; weak sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, scattered short setae; vertex punctate-rugose medially, strigate-rugose posteriorly and laterally, with scattered short setae; gena strigate-rugose, a few punctures near eye margin, with scattered short setae, denser ventrally; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.21�� height eye; clypeus 3.35 (2.8���3.9)�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, distinct medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.7�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.76 (1.6���2.0)�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.1 (1.06���1.2)�� as long as scape, 0.55 (0.5���0.6)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, scattered punctures dorsally, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum confused rugose dorsally, remainder rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 8C), medial and lateral lobes strigate-rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and shallow; scutellum strigate-rugose, with two depressions on anterior margin; axillae rugose; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron, rugose, pubescence long; mesepimeron broad, rugose dorsally, carinate ventrally; metapleuron rugose, patch in front of spiracle smooth, long scattered setae; propodeum areolate, posterior margin broad, smooth; hind coxa strigate-rugose, scattered long setae, denser laterally, ovipositor guide absent (Fig. 8D); hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.73 (0.7���0.76)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.3 (2.2���2.4)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.55 (1.4���1.7)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.4 (2.1���2.7)�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.66 (0.62���0.7)�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.48 (0.3���0.6)�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral (Cu very slightly pigmented), with 2 or 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.65 (1.6���1.7)�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 8A); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous, T1 smooth, T2 imbricate, T3���T8 imbricate, short pubescence; ovipositor 10.0 (9.0���11.0) mm. MALE. Similar to female except scape dark brown; length 11.3 (10.0���12.5) mm. Etymology. This species is named for Richard (Dick) Bashford, forest entomologist. Distribution. This species has been collected from several localities in Tasmania (Fig. 56). Biology. Aulacus bashfordi has been reared from eucalyptus infested with Epithora dorsalis (Macleay) (Cerambycidae) or emerged from eucalyptus infested with Epithora dorsalis and Coptocercus rubripres (Cerambycidae). Comments. Aulacus bashfordi is in a group together with A. aquilus, A. froggatti and A. pallidicaudis, all of which have the mesosoma rounded antero-laterally in lateral view, metasoma ovate, and lack an ovipositor guide on the hind coxae. Aulacus bashfordi and A. froggatti both lack the lateral medial carina above the toruli that is present in the other two species. Aulacus bashfordi and A. froggatti can be separated by both sculpturing and colour differences. Aulacus bashfordi has a largely black body and rugose face whereas A. froggatti is a largely brown species and has a punctate-reticulate face (see key for additional colour differences)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus scitulus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov. Figs 43, 65. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, ��� ex Malaise trap, 16km Davies Ck Rd Mareeba NEQ, 6Nov -2Dec 1984, Storey & Halfpapp (ASCU). Right flagellomeres 9 to tip, right hind tarsus, and right ovipositor sheath missing. Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.5 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Meso- and metasoma orange, head black, scape, pedicel and flagellomeres 1-3 and 8-12 black, 4-7 cream, hind femora and tibia darker orange, ovipositor sheaths brown (Figs 43A, B). Wings hyaline. Head. 1.1�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 43C); face punctate-rugose, pubescence long; subantennal groove present; frons with distinct lateral medial carina above toruli (Fig. 43F), rugulose-reticulate, with scattered punctures, with scattered short setae; vertex and gena rugulose-reticulate with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head concave and more or less sinuate in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.3�� height eye; clypeus 3.8�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.47�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 2.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.0�� as long as scape, 0.52�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum dorsal part of pronotum raised, rugose-carinate, ventro-laterally with deep, smooth depression, ventrally smooth with a few scattered punctures; mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes strigate (Figs 43C, D), with scattered short setae, admedial lines indistinct; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae strigate, scutellum with a single shallow depression; metapostnotum broad, scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence, smooth patch on anterior margin of spiracle; propodeum areolate, posterior margin smooth, with a few carinae; hind coxa rugose dorsally, strigate-rugose laterally, pubescence longer laterally, ovipositor guide absent (Fig. 43E); hind trochanter imbricate, long pubescence; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, short pubescence; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.86�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventroapical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.38�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.48�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.1�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.48�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.3�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli, first hamulus separate from other 2. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.3�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 43B); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous, smooth tending to imbricate with scattered, small punctures posteriorly, T3���T8 imbricate, with scattered small punctures, short setae progressively denser on each tergite; ovipositor 7.5 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named from the Latin scitulus, beautiful, handsome, pretty, elegant, neat. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Mareeba, Queensland (Fig. 65). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus scitulus keys out with A. obcordellus. Although very similar in appearance, they can be separated by the sculpturing on the face, which is punctate-rugose in A. scitulus and punctate-reticulate in A. obcordellus. See additional comments under A. obcordellus (above)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus quickei Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 41, 65. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, 12.42 S 143.20 E, 13km ENE of Mt. Tozer QLD, 10 July 1986, T.Weir & A.Calder (ANIC). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.3 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Yellowish-brown (Figs 41A, B), except head with brown patch between ocelli, flagellomeres brown, small brown spot on apex of gena, pronotum and dorsal mesoscutellum darker yellow, lateral lobes brown, lateral mesothorax brown, mid coxae, trochanters and femora darker, hind legs brown, prefemur with yellow dorsoventral band, T1 brown, ovipositor and sheaths brown. Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wing. Head. 1.14�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 41D); face punctate-rugose, scattered short setae, distinct sub-antennal groove; frons punctate-rugulose, median lateral longitudinal carina between toruli, scattered short setae; vertex and gena punctate with weakly rugulose underlying sculpturing, with scattered short setae (Fig. 41D); posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.4�� height eye; clypeus 3.0�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, prominent medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.0�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 0.7�� as long as scape, 0.55�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron largely hidden, scattered short setae; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes rugose, with scattered punctures, with scattered short setae, admedial lines indistinct; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and shallow (Fig. 41E); scutellum and axillae rugulose (Fig. 41E), with a few scattered punctures, scutellum with deep depression with three carinae; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with a few striations postero-ventrally, pubescence short; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose dorsally, coarsely postero-ventrally, with short pubescence, patch anteriorly before spiracle smooth; propodeum areolate (largely hidden), posterior margin smooth medially; hind coxa rugose laterally (largely hidden), pubescence short laterally, ovipositor guide medial, somewhat oblique (largely hidden); hind trochanter imbricate, short pubescence; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, short pubescence; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.8�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.5�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.0�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, Cu nebulous, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.5�� length of mesosoma (Figs 41A, B); T1 and T2 broad, all tergites imbricate dorsally, with scattered punctures, scattered short setae (Fig. 41F); ovipositor 8.0 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the noted hymenopterist and author Donald L. J. Quicke, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. Distribution. This species is known only from Mt. Tozer in the Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range) National Park, Queensland (Fig. 65). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Although A. quickei keys out with A. doddi, the two species are readily separated by the characters in the key. Both species share a number of characters, especially mesoscutum in lateral view rounded anterodorsally, metasoma ovate, fore wing with apical brown spot, hind wing venation complete, and hind coxa with oblique ovipositor guide., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus albimanus (Kieffer, 1911) Figs 2, 55 Aulacinus albimanus Kieffer 1911: 220, 223.��� Hedicke 1939: 24. Aulacinus albimanus albimanus: Kieffer 1912: 350, 354. Aulacus albimanus (Kieffer) ��� Smith 2001: 268, comb. nov.; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Aulacinus albimanus var. nigriventris Kieffer 1911: 224.��� Hedicke 1939: 24. Aulacinus albimanus nigriventris Kieffer 1912: 354. Aulacus nigriventris (Kieffer) ��� Smith 2001: 273. syn. nov. Material examined. Holotype. Aulacus albimanus: ♀ "Mackay" [Queensland] (BMNH 3 a.68). Right antenna missing, left flagellomeres 8���12 missing. Holotype. Aulacus nigriventris: ♂ " Victoria " " Australia, R.E. Turner, 1907���244". Left antenna, right flagellomeres 9���11, right wings, apex of left fore wing, right fore leg, right mid leg except coxa and trochanter, hind leg except coxa, left fore tarsomere 5 and claw, mid tarsomeres, hind tarsomeres 4 and 5 and claw missing; metasoma glued to card. Other Material examined. NSW: 1♂, Uralla, W. W. F.[Froggatt]. Queensland: 4♀, Mackay, 1892, 1907 and 1909, G. Turner (BMNH). Description. FEMALE. Length. 10.0 (9.5���10.5) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Body black except femora, tibiae and posterior T1 orange (Figs 2A, B), tarsomeres predominantly white, distal third of ovipositor sheaths white. Wings hyaline except for small pale brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing. Head. 1.35�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 2C); face rugose, pubescence dense; shallow subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, with short pubescence; vertex rugose, almost strigate, with scattered short setae; gena rugose, pubescence short; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.34 (0.31���0.37)�� height eye; clypeus 2.8�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with small medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.73 (0.7���0.8)�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.6 (1.4���1.7)�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 2.3 (1.8���2.8)�� as long as scape, 0.6 (0.55���0.7)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, with scattered short setae, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 2E), medial and lateral lobes strigate-rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin straight; mesopleuron rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, with short pubescence; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa strigate dorsally, ovipositor guide somewhat caudal, oblique (Fig. 2F); hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg distinct; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.80 (0.70���0.90)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventroapical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.70 (2.40���2.9)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.35 (1.20��� 1.45)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.60�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.50�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.50�� length tarsomere 5; veins 2r-m and 3r-m present, 3r-m spectral medially; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 2���3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 1.38 (1.33���1.43)�� length of mesosoma; T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous; ovipositor 8.10 (7.20���9.00) mm. MALE. Similar to female except scape and pedicel black. Distribution. Aulacus albimanus is known from two widely separated localities, Mackay, Queensland and Uralla, NSW (Fig. 55). Biology. The male specimen from Uralla, NSW is labelled as a parasite of Coptocercus rubripes (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Phoracanthini). Comments. Kieffer (1911) originally described A. nigriventris as a variety of A. albimanus, although they were later separated into two species (Smith 2001). Although the whereabouts of the holotype of A. nigriventris is in question, we believe that the male specimen in the BMNH is the holotype as it is clearly labelled in Kieffer's handwriting as " Aulacinus albimanus var. nigriventris ". There is also a separate typed label "Determined by Dr. Kieffer". The type specimens of Aulacus albimanus and A. nigriventris are similar in both general colouration and sculpturing, differing only in the colouration of the scape and pedicel which are orange in the former species and black in the latter species. Given this is the only distinguishing feature between the two specimenss, we hereby synonymise the two names. Aulacus albimanus keys out with A. burnsi, but the face is rugose (rugulose in A. burnsi), ovipositor guide somewhat caudal (medial in A. burnsi), and body black except femora, tibiae and posterior T1 orange (body black except propleuron and ventral half of pronotum orange in A. burnsi)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus kiwarrakensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 29, 61. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Kiwarrak St. For., S Taree NSW. 13-24 Nov. 1991. G. Williams, dry fainforest [sic] ex dead branch Backhousia myrtifolia." (ANIC). Paratypes. NSW: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same data as holotype (ANIC). Description. FEMALE. 7.0 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Dark blackish brown except antennal segments 1���12 pale orange, segments 13���14 brown, mandibles orange, small orange spot on malar space and on vertex near eye margin, legs orange, metasomal T1 and T2 orange, ovipositor sheaths with a broad band of orange in apical half, ovipositor orange in apical half. Wings hyaline except for distinct brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing. Head. 1.46 (1.40���1.53)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face rugose, pubescence long; indistinct subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, with long pubescence; vertex rugose near ocelli, with lateral striations on remainder, with short pubescence; gena rugulose, with short pubescence; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.29 (0.25���0.32)�� height eye; clypeus 0.32�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.57 (0.55���0.58)�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 2.1 (1.8���2.5)�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.1�� as long as scape, 0.52�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron imbricate, pubescence long laterally, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes strigate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae strigate, scutellum anteriorly with pair of oblique, deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron coarsely rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugose, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence short laterally, ovipositor guide about �� way along coxae, oblique, distal fringe of long setae, long setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.92 (0.85���0.98)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.6�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6 (1.4���1.7)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.3�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation incomplete, r-m slightly pigmented, M+Cu, Cu, and 2-M absent, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.08�� length of mesosoma; T1 and T2 broad, glabrous; ovipositor 5.0 mm. MALE. Similar to female except: length 7.3 mm, flagellomeres black, metasoma narrow, 1.25�� length mesosoma. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Kiwarrak State Forest, south of Taree, NSW. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality (Fig. 61). Biology. All specimens emerged from the dead branch of grey myrtle, Backhousia myrtifolia (Myrtaceae) infested with Pseudanilara and Chrysobothris (Buprestidae). Comments. Aulacus kiwarrakensis is identifiable by the combination of characters in the key, viz., mesosoma angular in lateral view, metasoma ovate, brown spot apically on fore wing, hind wing venation incomplete. All of these characters are shared with both A. leai and A. walkeri, but A. walkeri can be readily separated from the other two species because it has a much longer hind tarsal claw, 3.0�� length of tarsomere 5. Aulacus kiwarrakensis also has a rugose face but differs from A. leai, which has a punctate-rugose face. See also key (above)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Key to Australian Aulacus Jurine (females only) We have not included in the key four species known only from males, viz., A. flindersbaudini Jennings, Austin & Stevens, a largely reddish brown species which is endemic to Kangaroo Island, South Australia; A. insularis sp. nov., which is readily separated from all other Australian species by the two distinctive cream bands on metasomal segments 2 and 3 (Fig. 26A); A. naumanni sp. nov., which has a colour combination different from all other Australian species (see comments below under this species), and A. vespiformis Kieffer, which has distinctive banding on the metathorax (Figs 50A, B) and anterior half of fore wing distinctively fuscous (Fig. 50A). 1 Mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally (e.g., Fig. 18E).......................................... 2 - Mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (e.g., Fig. 2E).......................................... 20 2(1) Metasoma clavate (Figs 9A, B); face punctate-reticulate; fore wing vein 2-Rs+M very long; mesothorax pale orange in the anterior half and largely dark brown in the posterior half; brown band either side of fore wing veins 1-Rs and 1-M and apically in costal cell [NSW and Queensland]................................................ A. bicolor sp. nov. - Metasoma ovate (e.g., Figs 29A, B); other features not in combination........................................ 3 3(2) Fore wing with brown infuscation (spot) at apex (e.g., Fig. 1)............................................... 4 - Fore wing lacking brown infuscation (spot) at apex...................................................... 15 4(3) Hind wing venation incomplete, variable loss of one or more veins M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M....................... 5 - Hind wing venation complete (e.g., Fig. 1).............................................................. 7 5(4) Hind tarsal claw long, 3.0�� length tarsomere 5; face rugose with a few punctures medially; head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange; ovipositor guide about 2/3 rd distance along coxa, oblique (Fig. 51F) [Victoria]..... A. walkeri sp. nov. - Hind tarsal claw short, about half length of tarsomere 5; other features not in combination......................... 6 6(5) Face rugose; head and mesosoma blackish brown, metasomal T1 and T2 orange, remainder of metasoma blackish brown (Figs 29A, B); ovipositor guide about �� way along coxae, oblique, distal fringe of long setae, long setae in groove [NSW]............................................................................ A. kiwarrakensis sp. nov. - Face punctate-rugose; head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange (Figs 30A, B); ovipositor guide medial, oblique, setae on lower distal margin, lacking setae in groove [Tasmania]...................................... A. leai sp. nov. 7(4) Ovipositor guide on hind coxa transverse (e.g., Fig. 5D).................................................... 8 - Ovipositor guide on hind coxa oblique (e.g., Fig. 51F)..................................................... 9 8(7) Ovipositor guide on hind coxa distal; face rugulose-reticulate; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli; head black, meso- and metasoma orange (Figs 36A, B) [Victoria]....................................... A. neboissi sp. nov. - Ovipositor guide on hind coxa medial; face punctate-rugose; frons with lateral medial carina above toruli; largely dark black-brown species (Figs 25A, B) [Queensland]........................................... A. hackeri sp. nov. 9(7) Ovipositor guide on hind coxa distal (e.g., Fig. 12F)...................................................... 10 - Ovipositor guide on hind coxa medial (e.g., Fig. 7F)...................................................... 14 10(9) Frons with lateral medial carina above toruli; face imbricate; head, scape, pedicel, propleuron, legs and metasoma orange, except for variable amounts of black on metasomal T1, mesosoma black (Figs 18A, B) [NSW and Victoria]............................................................................................. A. elegans sp. nov. - Frons without lateral medial carina above toruli; other features not in combination.............................. 11 11(10) Face imbricate; vertex punctate (Fig. 33C); posterior margin of head distinctly concave in dorsal view (Fig. 33C); metasoma dark brown, head, scape, pedicel, flagellomere 1 and propodeum reddish brown, legs and metasoma brown (Figs 33A, B) [NSW and Queensland]....................................................... A. minutus sp. nov. - Face other than imbricate; other features not in combination............................................... 12 12(11) Face rugulose; body length 8.1 mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor 5.0 mm; head and mesosoma black, metasoma largely orange, ovipositor sheaths black, ovipositor brown (Figs 45A, B) [Tasmania]................ A. smithi sp. nov. - Face rugulose-reticulate or rugose-reticulate; other features not in combination................................ 13 13(11) Body length excluding ovipositor, 8.0 mm; ovipositor 5.3 (5.0���5.7) mm; vertex rugose-reticulate, almost strigate-reticulate (Fig. 53C); head and mesosoma black, metasomal T1 and T2 largely orange with remainin g segments blackish brown (Figs 53A, B) [NSW]............................................................... A. williamsi sp. nov. - Body length excluding ovipositor, 6.5 mm; ovipositor 3.7 mm; vertex rugose-reticulate, punctate-reticulate near ocelli (Fig. 35C); body orange-brown [Queensland]................................................ A. nebo sp. nov. 14(9) Body length, excluding ovipositor, 9.45 (9.4���9.5) mm; ovipositor longer than body, 12.5 (12.0���13.0) mm [Victoria]...................................................................................... A. confusus sp. nov. - Body length, excluding ovipositor, 7.5 mm; ovipositor shorter than body, 5.7 mm [Queensland].................................................................................................. A. mareebaensis sp. nov. 15(3) Face with punctures, sculpturing either punctate-rugose or punctate-reticulate................................. 16 - Face lacking punctures, sculpturing either rugose or rugulose.............................................. 17 16(15) Face punctate-rugose; antenna black except flagellomeres 4-7 cream (Figs. 43A, B), ovipositor sheath brown; metasoma 1.3�� length of mesosoma, and T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous, smooth tending to imbricate with scattered, small punctures posteriorly [Queensland].............................................................. A. scitulus sp. nov. - Face punctate-reticulate; antenna black except flagellomeres 5���7 white (Figs 37A, B); ovipositor sheath black except tip pale orange; metasoma 1.19 (1.12���1.21)�� length of mesosoma, and T1 and T2 broad, several shallow and indistinct punctures antero-dorsally Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland]................................... A. obcordellus sp. nov. 17(15) Face rugulose (wrinkles fine); head, meso- and metasoma black, tibae and tarsi largely light brown; body length, excluding ovipositor, 10.5 mm [South Australia]................................................. A. moerens Westwood - Face rugose (wrinkles coarse, e.g., Fig. 27C); body length excluding ovipositor, ��� 9.0 mm....................... 18 18(17) Metasomal T1 and T2 rugulose dorsally, smooth laterally, lacking punctures; body length 7.6 mm, excluding ovipositor [ovipositor and sheath largely missing on holotype]; black except antenna orange-yellow, mandibles, fore and mid trochanters and femora brown, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi pale brown, hind legs dark brown, metasoma dark brown (Fig. 21A) [Victoria]................................................................. A. flavimanus (Kieffer) - Metasomal T1 and T2 with at least a few punctures; other features not in combination........................... 19 19(18) Metasomal T1 and T2 glabrous, except for a few indistinct, shallow punctures; body length 6.8 (5.8���7.3) mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor 2.8 (2.30���3.35) mm; ovipositor guide absent [Victoria]..................... A. brabyi sp. nov. - Metasomal T1 and T2 weakly rugulose-punctate dorsally; body length 9.0 mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor short, 3.5 mm; ovipositor guide medial, transverse [Victoria]........................................ A. flavicornis Kieffer 20(1) Metasoma clavate (e.g., Figs 9A, B).................................................................. 21 - Metasoma ovate (e.g., Figs 29A, B)................................................................... 38 21(20) Fore wing with brown spot at apex (see Fig. 1)........................................................ 23 - Fore wing without brown spot at apex................................................................. 33 22(21) Hind wing venation incomplete, veins M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M absent....................................... 23 - Hind wing venation complete, veins M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M present (e.g., Fig. 1).............................. 24 23(22) Ovipositor guide absent (Fig. 15F); ovipositor 6.3 (6.0���6.5) mm; metasoma 1.80 (1.60���1.92)�� length of mesosoma; metasoma dark brown [Victoria]..................................................... A. dandenongensis sp. nov. - Ovipositor guide medial, oblique; ovipositor very short, 3.95 mm; metasoma 1.5�� length of mesosoma; metasoma dark blackish brown with pale brown band dorsally before posterior margin of T2 (Fig. 28B) [Queensland].................................................................................................. A. kittelae sp. nov. 24(22) Ovipositor guide absent; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view (Fig. 54C) [Queensland]................................................................................................ A. wrightae sp. nov. - Ovipositor guide present, either transverse or oblique; posterior margin of head concave in dorsal view............. 25 25(24) Ovipositor guide transverse......................................................................... 26 - Ovipositor guide oblique........................................................................... 28 26(24) Head with lateral medial carina present above toruli (e.g., Figs 11C, 43F)..................................... 27 - Head without lateral medial carina above toruli [South Australia]........... A. belairensis Jennings, Austin & Stevens 27(25) Ovipositor guide somewhat caudad, narrow (Fig. 31G); head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange (Figs 31A, B) [Queensland, NSW, ACT, Victoria]................................................. A. longiventris (Kieffer) - Ovipositor guide medial, broad; body orange-brown [WA]................... A. houstoni Jennings, Austin & Stevens 28(25) Occipital carina present laterally, weak (narrow) (Fig. 7D); body length excluding ovipositor 7.5 mm; ovipositor short, 3.0 mm [Queensland]................................................................ A. bamagensis sp. nov. - Occipital carina absent; other features not in combination................................................. 29 29(28) Face with punctures............................................................................... 30 - Face without punctures............................................................................. 31 30(28) Face punctate-reticulate; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli; metasomal T2 with distinctive cream band dorso-laterally (Figs 17A, B) [Queensland]................................................. A. doddi sp. nov. - Face punctate-rugose; frons with lateral medial carina above toruli; body yellowish-brown, including metasomal T2 (Figs 41A, B) [Queensland]................................................................. A. quickei sp. nov. 31(29) Head and mesosoma red-brown (Figs 27A, B); face rugose (Fig. 27C); ovipositor guide somewhat medial [NSW]...................................................................................... A. jamberoo sp. nov. - Head and mesosoma largely black; other features not in combination........................................ 32 32(31) Body black except femora, tibiae and posterior metasomal T1 orange, tarsomeres predominantly white (Figs 2A, B); face rugose; ovipositor guide somewhat caudal [Queensland and NSW].......................... A. albimanus (Kieffer) - Body black except propleuron and ventral half of pronotum orange, metasomal T1 and T2 orange, and remainder dark brown (Figs 13A, B); face rugulose; ovipositor guide medial [Queensland]........................ A. burnsi sp. nov. 33(21) Hind wing venation incomplete...................................................................... 34 - Hind wing venation complete (see Fig. 1).............................................................. 35 34(33) Ovipositor guide transverse; head and mesosoma dark brown, metasoma yellow brown [Western Australia]............................................................................ A. mcmillani Jennings, Austin & Stevens - Ovipositor guide somewhat oblique; head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange (Figs 24A, B) [Queensland]........................................................................................... A glorious sp. nov. 35(33) Occipital carina present laterally, weak (narrow); face punctate-rugulose; mesosoma and metasoma about equal in length; ovipositor guide more or less oblique [South Australia]....................... A. grossi Jennings, Austin & Stevens - Occipital carina absent; other features not in combination................................................. 36 36(35) Frons with lateral medial carina above toruli [Tasmania]..................................... A. simsoni sp. nov. - Frons without lateral medial carina above toruli......................................................... 37 37(36) Face punctate-rugose (Fig. 42C); body dark brown-black [ACT, NSW, Victoria].................... A. rieki sp. nov. - Face without punctures, rugose-reticulate; head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange except for variable amounts of black on T1 (Figs 23A, B) [NSW, Queensland]........................................ A. fuscicornis (Cameron) 38(21) Ovipositor guide absent............................................................................ 39 - Ovipositor guide present............................................................................ 42 39(38) Frons with lateral carina above toruli (e.g., Figs 11C, 43F)................................................. 40 - Frons without lateral carina above toruli............................................................... 41 40(39) Face rugulose-reticulate; head and mesothorax black, metasoma dark brown (Figs 38A, B) [NSW].............................................................................................. A. pallidicaudis (Cameron) - Face rugose; body black except legs, and metasomal T1 and T2 with variable amounts of light brown (Figs 4A, B) [Queensland, South Australia]................................................................ A. aquilus sp. nov. 41(39) Face punctate-reticulate; head and mesosoma brown except some orange on gena, propleuron and lateral pronotum, scape, pedicel, legs and metasoma orange (Figs 22A, B) [NSW].................................... A. froggatti sp. nov. - Face rugose; body black except scape orange, fore and mid trochanters dark orange, all femora orange, fore and mid tar- someres 1���4 cream, all tarsomeres 5 brown, hind tibiae dark brown and first two-thirds basitarsus dark brown, apical onethird basitarsus and tarsomeres 2���4 cream (Figs 8A, B) [Tasmania]........................... A. bashfordi sp. nov. 42(38) Ovipositor guide transverse......................................................................... 43 - Ovipositor guide oblique........................................................................... 45 43(42) Body entirely black (Fig. 42A); length 11.4 mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor 17.0 mm [NSW, Queensland]..................................................................................... A. planiceps (Sz��pligeti) - Body generally dark brown or head largely orange and mesosoma black...................................... 44 44(43) Length 6.2 (5.6���6.6) mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor 7.6 (7.5���7.7) mm; head orange except for variable amounts of dark brown medially on frons and vertex, mesosoma black (Figs 16A, B) [Victoria]................ A. deansi sp. nov. - Length 12.5 mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor long, 14.3 mm; generally dark brown, with variable amounts of black on frons and face, pronotum, mesoscutum, metanotum, mesopleuron, mesepimeron, basally on mid and hind coxae, hind trochanter and trochantellus (Figs 19A, B) [Queensland]...................................... A. festivus (Kieffer) 45(42) Ovipositor guide somewhat distal.................................................................... 46 - Ovipositor guide medial............................................................................ 48 46(45) Face rugose, punctate-rugose laterally; ovipositor guide distal (Fig. 12F); length 7.3 mm, excluding ovipositor; ovipositor 9.7 mm; head and metasoma dark brown, mesosoma black [ACT].............................. A. broadi sp. nov. - Face lacking punctures; other features not in combination................................................. 47 47(46) Face rugulose-reticulate; head and mesosoma black, metasoma black except somites 1���3 orange, with variable amounts of black anteriorly on T1 (Figs 10A, B); metasoma 1.22 (1.15���1.26)�� length of mesosoma [NSW]................................................................................................ A. boonanghiensis sp. nov. - Face rugulose; head black, meso- and metasoma orange (Figs 6A, B); metasoma 1.3 (1.2���1.4)�� length of mesosoma [Tasmania]............................................................................. A. atriceps Kieffer 48(45) Head black...................................................................................... 49 - Head orange to dark brown......................................................................... 54 49(48) Mesosoma and metasoma orange..................................................................... 50 - Mesosoma black, metasoma variable in colour, but not entirely orange....................................... 51 50(49) Face rugulose, Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus froggatti Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 22, 60. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Mittagong N.S.W., 26.XI.[19]01, W.W.F.[Froggatt] (ASCU). Right flagellomeres 5–12 missing, right mid and hind legs missing except for hind coxa, trochanter and femur, left mid and hind legs missing except for coxae, trochanters and femora, tip of ovipositor missing. Description. FEMALE. Length. 8.2 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma brown except some orange on gena, propleuron and lateral pronotum, scape, pedicel, legs and metasoma orange Figs 22A, B). Wings hyaline, brown spot apically on marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 22A). Head. 1.3× wider than long when viewed dorsally; face punctate-reticulate, pubescence long; shallow subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, punctate-reticulate, with short scattered setae, denser near toruli; vertex and gena punctate-reticulate, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.4× height eye; clypeus 5.0× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with small medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.9× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.3× length pedicel; first flagellomere as long as scape, 0.8× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron reticulate, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes punctate-reticulate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum and axillae punctatereticulate, scutellum anteriorly with a single deep depression; metapostnotum depressed, scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugose, several v-shaped carinae medially, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide apparently absent (covered with glue); hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia and hind tarsomeres missing; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M largely spectral, with 4 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.5× length of mesosoma (Figs 22A, B); T1 and T2 broad, glabrous; ovipositor broken, but> 7.3 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the collector, Walter Wilson Froggatt, a noted Australian economic entomologist. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Mittagong, NSW (Fig. 60). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus froggatti is in a group together with A. aquilus, A. bashfordi and A. pallidicaudis, all of which have the mesosoma rounded antero-laterally in lateral view, metasoma ovate, and lack an ovipositor guide on the hind coxae. It can be readily distinguished from A. bashfordi, both of which lack a lateral medial carina above the toruli, by both sculpturing and colour differences. Aulacus froggatti is a largely brown species and has a punctate-reticulate face whereas Aulacus bashfordi has a largely black body and rugose face (see key for additional colour differences).

Aulacus leai Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 30, 62. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, “Hobart Tas: Lea (SAM). Paratypes. Tasmania: 5 ♀, 1 ♂, same data as holotype (SAM). Other Material examined. 1 sex unknown (damaged), same data as holotype (SAM); 1 sex unknown, Tasmania (ASCU). Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.7 (7.2–8.3) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma black, antenna and legs orange-brown, metasoma orange (Figs 30A, B). Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wing (Figs 30 A, B). Head. 1.12 (1.11–1.15)× wider than long when viewed dorsally; face punctate-rugose, pubescence short; subantennal groove present; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, punctate-rugose, with long and dense pubescence; vertex punctate-rugose, with short setae (Fig. 30C); gena rugose, with short setae, longer ventrally; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; without occipital carina; malar space 0.24 (0.22–0.27)× height eye; clypeus 3.0 (2.6–3.3)× as wide as high, margin sinuate, distinct short medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.94 (0.85–1.0)× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.3 (1.11–1.5)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.32 (1.2–1.5)× as long as scape, 0.58 (0.5–0.63)× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence short, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum long, dense pubescence, rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally (Figs 30B,E), medial and lateral lobes strigate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and shallow; scutellum and axillae strigate-rugose (Fig. 30D), scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum areolate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, coarser ventrally, pubescence long, denser ventrally; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with generally smooth patch anterior of spiracle (several scattered punctures dorsally), with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely areolaterugose, without medial carina, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa weakly strigate apically, smoother with scattered punctures basally, pubescence short laterally, ovipositor guide medial, oblique (Fig. 30F), setae on lower distal margin, no setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with short setae; prefemur on hind leg distinct; hind femur imbricate, with short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.75 (0.7–0.82)× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.6 (2.46–2.76)× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.56 (1.5–1.6)× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.96 (1.5–2.5)× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.65 (0.53–0.83)× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5 (0.4–0.6)× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation incomplete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M absent, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.58 (1.5–1.65)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 30A); T1 and T2 narrow, smooth, glabrous, remainder of tergites imbricate, with scattered punctures, T3–T7 progressively more pubescent; ovipositor 7.65 (7.6–7.7) mm. MALE. Similar to female, except head dark brown and body brownish-black. Basiparameres broad, pubescence short, digitus longer than basiparameres. Etymology. This new species is named for the noted Australian entomologist Arthur Mills Lea, 1868–1932. Distribution. This species is known only from Hobart, Tasmania (Fig. 62). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus leai is identifiable by the combination of characters in the key, viz., mesosoma angular in lateral view, metasoma ovate, brown spot apically on fore wing, hind wing venation incomplete, all shared with both A. kiwarrakensis and A. walkeri. See comments under A. kiwarrakensis for recognition features.

Aulacus Jurine, 1807 Aulacus Jurine 1801: 163. [nom. nud.] Aulacus Jurine 1807: 89. Type species: Aulacus striatus Jurine 1807, by monotypy (North America and Europe).��� Blanchard 1840: 300; Schletterer 1889: 489; Kieffer 1903: 383, 453; Bradley 1908: 120; Kieffer 1912: 344, 370; Hedicke 1939: 17; Townes 1950: 113; Oehlke 1983: 441; Koslov 1988: 243; Alekseev 1995: 39; Konishi 1990: 638; Smith 2001: 268; Jennings et al. 2004a: 116; Jennings et al. 2004b: 13; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]; Turrisi 2013: 327; Kuroda et al. 2016: 173. Disphaeron Dahlbom 1837: 175. Type species: Aulacus arcticus Dahlbom 1837, by monotypy.���(syn. Hedicke 1939: 18) Aulacinus Westwood 1868: 331. Erected as a sub-genus of Aulacus. Type species: Aulacus (Aulacinus) moerens Westwood 1868, by monotypy.��� Kieffer 1903: 481; Bradley 1908: 120; Kieffer 1912: 349; Hedicke 1939: 24 (syn. Townes 1950: 113) Pammegischia Provancher 1882: 302. Type species: Pammegischia burquei Provancher 1882, by monotypy.��� Kieffer 1903: 383; Bradley 1908: 120; Kieffer 1912: 346; Townes 1938: 254; Hedicke 1939: 23. (syn. Kieffer 1902: 11) Parafoenus Kieffer 1910: 350. No species included. Type species: Parafoenus formosus Kieffer 1912, by subsequent monotypy.��� Kieffer 1912: 345; Hedicke 1939: 26. (syn. Townes 1950: 113) Neuraulacinus Kieffer 1910: 350. Type species: Neuraulacinus vespiformis Kieffer 1910, by subsequent designation, see Kieffer 1912: 358 (designated from three species included by Kieffer 1911).��� Kieffer 1912: 358; Hedicke 1939: 26. (syn. Townes 1950: 113) Micraulacinus Kieffer 1910: 350. Type species: Micraulacinus elegans Kieffer 1910, by subsequent monotypy, see Kieffer 1912: 348.��� Kieffer 1912: 348; Hedicke 1939: 24. (syn. Townes 1950: 113) Disaulacinus Kieffer 1910: 350. Type species: Disaulacinus flavimanus Kieffer 1911, by subsequent monotypy, see Kieffer 1911: 224.��� Kieffer 1912: 361; Hedicke 1939: 23. (syn. Crosskey 1953: 759) Pycnaulacus Cushman 1929: 17. Type species: Pycnaulacus brevicaudus Cushman 1929, by original designation.���(syn. Townes 1950: 113) Diagnosis of Aulacus based on Australian species. Head usually without occipital carina (very rarely present laterally, if so, weak (narrow)); frons with or without a transverse carina above antennal sockets; 14 antennomeres in female, 13 antennomeres in male; scape usually strongly convex in lateral view, much thicker than pedicel and flagellomeres; antennal insertions low on face, near lower margin of eyes; eyes circular or subcircular, remote from the mandibles; pronotum without angular process; metapostnotum present between propodeum and metanotum as a distinct sclerotisation; propodeum pyramidal, metasoma inserted high on the apex (e.g., Fig. 16G); first metasomal tergite (T1) and second tergite (T2) fused dorsally, forming a petiole (e.g., Figs 19H, 38H); hind coxa with (e.g., Figs 2F, 30F) or without a groove (e.g., Fig. 15F) or notch on inner ventral surface, the apposed grooves or notches forming an ovipositor guide; hind trochanter with a transverse trochanteral groove (e.g., Fig. 5D); prefemur (trochantellus) present; each tarsal claw with one basal tooth (sometimes difficult to see); fore wings not plicate at rest; fore wing vein 2-Rs+M generally long, second discal cell elongate, vein 2m-cu present, vein 2r-m often absent, largely spectral when present, vein 3r-m present, often largely spectral (see Fig. 1); ovipositor exserted, protruding well beyond apex of metasoma. Comments. Aulacus was first proposed as a genus by Jurine (1801) but was a nomen nudum because no species were included. In 1807, Jurine rectified this by describing Aulacus striatus. Early authors, however, did not define the generic limits of Aulacus, so a number of genera were erected without due consideration of interspecific variation. This resulted in a proliferation of new genera: Disaulacinus Kieffer, Disphaeron Dahlbom and Micraulacinus Kieffer from Australia, Neuraulacinus Kieffer from Australia and South America, Parafoenus Kieffer from South America, and Pycnaulacus Cushman from the USA. By 1912, Kieffer had recognised some 41 species in six genera as well as the subgenus Aulacinus Westwood. Of these, 17 species were Australian. Although Kieffer (1902) had synonymised Pammegischia Provancher with Aulacus, the mainly North American Pammegischia were not transferred to Aulacus until much later (Townes 1938). In his 1939 catalog, Hedicke synonymised Disphaeron and included a number of additional species in the other genera. Townes (1950) evaluated various characters, particularly wing venation, and in the process defined the generic limits of Aulacus, leading him to synonymise Aulacinus, Micraulacinus, Neuraulacinus, Parafoenus, and Pycnaulacus with Aulacus. However, Townes erroneously synonymised Disaulacinus with Aulacostethus Philippi (now Pristaulacus Kieffer). Disaulacinus was later synonymised with Aulacus by Crosskey (1953). Since Crosskey (1953), the classification has remained stable. Smith (2001) provided a world catalog of Aulacidae, including 18 Australian species. Jennings & Austin (2004a, b) added six new Aulacus species from South Australia and Western Australia (see also checklist of Australian species in Jennings 2010 & Turrisi 2017). Based on morphological analyses, Turrisi et al. (2009) found Aulacus to be paraphyletic. However, this needs to be confirmed by a comprehensive global phylogenetic analysis. As there have not been any further attempts to examine species relationships, here we continue to place the Australian aulacid taxa with simple hind tarsal claws (i.e. not pectinate) in Aulacus (see Jennings et al. 2004a)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Jurine, L. (1807) Nouvelle Methode de Classer les Hymenopteres et les Dipteres. Hymenopteres. Tome Premier. Chez J. J. Paschoud, Geneve, 319 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60886","Jurine, L. (1801) Nachricht von einen Neuen Entomolischen Werks, des Hrn. Prof. Jurine in Geneve. Intelligenzblatt der Litteratur-Zeitung, Erlangen, 1, 161 - 165.","Blanchard, E. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules, Annelides, Crustaces, Arachnides, Myriapodes et Insectes. Vol. 3. M. Dumenil, Paris, 672 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47104","Schletterer, A. (1889) Die Hymenopteren-Gruppe der Evaniiden. III. Abteilung. Amalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hoftnuseums, Separatabdruck aus band IV. A. Holder, Wien, 174 pp., pls. XIX-XXII. [pp. 373 - 546, publication date also given as 1890]","Kieffer, J. - J. (1903) Les Evaniides. In: Andre, E., Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie, Paris, 7 (Part 2), pp. 347 - 482.","Bradley, J. C. (1908) The Evaniidae, ensign-flies, an archaic family of Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 101 - 194, pls. V-XV.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Townes, H. K. (1950) The Nearctic species of Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 100, 85 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.100 - 3259.85","Oehlke, J. (1983) Revision der europaischen Aulacidae (Hymenoptera-Evanioidea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 33, 439 - 447.","Koslov, M. A. (1988) Aulacidae. In: Medvedev, G. S. (Ed.), [Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR]. Vol. III. Hymenoptera. Part VI. Symphyta. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Zoologischkie Institut, Moscow, pp. 242 - 244. [translation, 1994, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 432 pp.]","Alekseev, V. N. (1995) Evanioidea. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), [Keys to Insects of Russian Far East in Six Volumes. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Part 2. Hymenoptera]. Vladivostok, Dal'nauka, pp. 37 - 45","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T., Austin, A. D. & Stevens, N. B. (2004 a) The aulacid wasp fauna of Western Australia with descriptions of six new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 22, 115 - 128.","Jennings, J. T., Austin, A. D. & Stevens, N. B. (2004 b) Species of the wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) endemic to South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 13 - 21.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)","Turrisi, G. F. (2013) Contribution to the revision of Oriental Aulacus Jurine, 1807 (Hmenoptera: Aulacidae): description of A. ceciliae sp. nov. from Laos and redecription of A. bituberculatus Cameron, 1899 from India. Entomological Science, 16, 326 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12016","Dahlbom, G. (1837) Species Aulaci Generis in Scandinavia habitantes. Isis, Jena, 3, 173 - 177.","Provancher, L. A. (1882) Faune Canadienne, Hymenopteres, additions et corrections. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 13, 289 - 311.","Townes, H. K. (1938) Pammegischia and Trichofoenus discarded (aulacoid Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 70, 254 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 70254 - 12","Kieffer, J. - J. (1902) Les Evaniides, Fam. Evaniidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 2. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 13, pl. V.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1910) Diagnoses de nouveaux genres d'Aulacinae (Hym.). Bulletin de la Societ Entomologique de France, 1910, 350.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Crosskey, R. W. (1953) Two new species of Aulacostethus Philippi and a new species of Aulacus Jurine, from Australia, together with a key to the Australian species of Aulacostethus (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 6, 758 - 766. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935308654480","Cushman, R. A. (1929) New species of ichneumon-flies and taxonomic notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 76, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.75 - 2780.1","Turrisi, G. F. (2017) The parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea), with a revised world checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119 (Special Issue), 931 - 939. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.119. SpecialIssue. 931","Turrisi, G. F., Jennings, J. T. & Vilhelmsen, L. (2009) Phylogeny and generic concepts in the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 27 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / is 08031"]}

Aulacus flavicornis (Kieffer, 1911) Fig. 20. Aulacinus flavicornis Kieffer 1911: 220, 222.��� Kieffer 1912: 349, 357; Hedicke 1939: 25. Aulacus flavicornis: Smith 2001: 271. comb. nov.; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ "9.ii.[19]07, Victoria " " Australia. R. E. Turner 1907���244" (BMNH 3 a.87; NHMUK011509575). Left pedicel to tip, right antenna, right fore leg, left hind tarsus and ovipositor sheaths missing. Description. FEMALE. Length. 9 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Black, tarsi brown (Figs 20A, B). Wings hyaline (Fig. 20A). Head. 1.1�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face rugose, pubescence long; frons with pronounced lateral carina above toruli, rugose, with a few radiating striations near mid ocellus, pubescence short; vertex rugulose near ocelli to imbricate posteriorly, with short pubescence; gena imbricate, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.16�� height eye; clypeus 4.0�� as wide as high; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.93�� distance between lateral ocelli; antennae missing. Mesosoma. Propleuron punctate-imbricate dorsally, imbricate laterally, pubescence short, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose-areolate; mesoscutum in lateral view somewhat angular antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes carinate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, scrobiculate, broad and deep; scutellum carinate, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a median carina; axillae rugose; mesopleuron rugose-areolate; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron rugose-areolate, with long pubescence; propodeum rugose-areolate, with two medial longitudinal carinae, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa rugose dorsally, imbricate laterally, pubescence long, ovipositor guide medial, transverse (hidden on specimen); hind trochanter imbricate pubescence short; hind femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered emergent stout setae; hind femur 0.8�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.9�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.0�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing vein 2r-m pale brown, 3rm pale brown in anterior half, spectral in posterior half; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.7�� length of mesosoma (mis-shapen on holotype) (Fig. 20A); T1 and T2 broad, weakly rugulose-punctate dorsally; ovipositor 3.5 mm. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. The locality of the holotype specimen is unknown, and we have not been able to associate any other specimens with this species. Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus flavicornis keys out together with A. brabyi but the two species vary substantially in that the ovipositor guide is absent in A. brabyi but is medial and transverse in A. flavicornis. See also comments under A. brabyi., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus mareebaensis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 32, 62. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, ��� ex Malaise Trap, 16km Davies Ck, Rd Mareeba NEQ, 6Nov -2Dec 1984, Storey & Halfpapp (ASCU). Left fore leg missing tarsomeres 3���5, right leg missing tarsi, left mid leg missing femora, tibia and tarsus. Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.5 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Orange (Figs 32A, B), except darker dorsally on most surfaces, scape and pedicel orange, antennal flagellomeres 1���5 brown, 6���12 cream, basal 5 th of metasomal T1 dark brown dorsally, ovipositor sheath brown, with cream band from about 50���80% of length of sheaths. Wings hyaline except for broad band of brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wings (Fig. 32B). Head. 1.1�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 32C); face rugose, scattered short setae, distinct subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carinae above toruli, rugose, punctures laterally, scattered short setae; vertex and gena, scattered punctures and a few strigations medially, imbricate microsculpturing, scattered short setae; gena becoming smoother ventrally; posterior margin of head concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.24�� height eye; clypeus 3.5�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, medial process present; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.83�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.6�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.06�� as long as scape, 0.4�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, long scattered setae ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes coarsely strigate, with scattered short setae (Figs 32C,E), admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep (Fig. 32D); scutellum and axillae coarsely strigate, scutellum with two deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, pubescence long; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron areolate, scattered short setae, patch anteriorly before spiracle smooth; propodeum areolate, posterior margin rugose medially, smoother with several carinae laterally; hind coxa strigate dorsally and laterally, scattered short setae, ovipositor guide somewhat medial, oblique, long setae on posterior margin (Fig. 32F); hind trochanter imbricate, pubescence short; prefemur on hind leg distinct; hind femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.72�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.6�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.7�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.1�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 1.0�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.57�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 equidistant hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.5�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 32B); T1 and T2 narrow, T1 smooth, glabrous, T2���T8 imbricate, short setae, become denser towards T8; ovipositor 5.7 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This new species is named after the type locality, Mareeba, Queensland. Distribution. This species is known only from Mareeba, Queensland (Fig. 62). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. This species keys out in together with A. confusus. See comments above under the latter species., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus confusus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov. Figs 14, 58. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, “Port Phillip [Victoria] “ Coll Smith, 1879 (OUMNH). Museum label identifies the specimen as A. signatus Shk. Right antenna missing flagellomeres 6 onwards, left fore leg missing tibia and tarsus, right mid leg missing tarsomeres 4–5 and claws, left hind leg missing tarsus, left ovipositor sheath missing. Other Material examined. ♀, Victoria, no other data (MVMA). Description. FEMALE. Length. 9.45 (9.4–9.5) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma dark blackish brown, lateral face, gena, scape and pedicel, propleura, pronotum, fore and mid legs orange, mesoscutellum, scutellum and axillae black, hind leg orange, except coxae brown, metasoma orange except T1 dark brown basally, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, ovipositor dark orange. Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and (less so) third submarginal cells of fore wings (Figs 14A, B). Head. 1.15 (1.13–1.18)× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 14C); face rugose, pubescence long, shorter near eye margin; with sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, with scattered short setae; vertex and gena punctulate, with a few strigations posteriorly, large scattered punctures, scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.33× height eye; clypeus 3.5× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.86× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.6 (1.5–1.7)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.0× as long as scape, 0.6× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, scattered long setae, denser laterally, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum largely strigate-rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view more-or-less angular antero-dorsally (Fig. 14D), medial and lateral lobes strigate-rugose, scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum and axillae strigate-rugose, scutellum with two deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron strigate-rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, pubescence long, denser ventrally; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose to strigate-rugose dorsally, strigate-areolate ventrally, patch anteriorly before spiracle smooth, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin rugose; hind coxa strigate-rugose, pubescence short, ovipositor guide somewhat medial, oblique (largely hidden on specimen); hind trochanter imbricate, short pubescence; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.7× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.9× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.5× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.7× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.7× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.33× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu (slightly pigmented), r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli, basal hamulus separate from other two. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.55 (1.5–1.6)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 14A); T1 and T2 broad, T1 rugose near insertion of metasoma, remainder of T1 smooth, glabrous, T2 tending to imbricate posteriorly, T3–T8 imbricate, setae becoming denser posteriorly; ovipositor 12.5 (12.0–13.0) mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. We have named this new species from confusio, Latin for confused, referring to the misidentification of the specimen in OUMNH. Distribution. This species is known from the type locality Port Phillip, Victoria (Fig. 58). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. The specimen in OUMNH has a locality label of Port Phillip [Victoria, Australia] and a separate identification label “ A. signatus Shk. ” It is not known who placed the identification label on the pin, but it is clearly a very old label. Pristaulacus signatus (Shuckard, 1841) was originally described (as Aulacus signatus) from Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (see also Smith 2001, p. 297). However, this specimen clearly belongs to Aulacus as it has, inter alia, non-pectinate hind claws. Two species, A. confusus and A. mareebaensis, both share the following: mesoscutum angular in lateral view, medial carina above the toruli lacking, metasoma ovate, ovipositor guide on hind coxa oblique and medial, and fore wing with brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells. They can be readily distinguished by the ovipositor being longer than the body in A. confusus and ovipositor shorter than the body in A. mareebaensis (see key for further details).

Aulacus hackeri Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs. 25, 60. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, ��� Tamborine Mountain [Queensland], H. Hacker, 27.10.[19]12 (QM). Left antennomeres 5 to tip, right hind tarsomeres 4���5 and claw, and left ovipositor sheath missing. Paratypes. Queensland: 11♀, same data as holotype (QM); 4♀, National Park, XI.1920 H. Hacker (QM). Other Material examined. Queensland: 1♀, Brisbane, 1.III.1954, Y. Beri (QM). Description. FEMALE. Length. 10.8 (10.0���11.5) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Dark black-brown (Figs 25A, B), except scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres dark brown, coxae and trochanters dark brown, fore and mid femora and tibiae orange, fore and mid tarsomeres 1���4 cream, tarsomere 5 brown, hind femora and tibia dark brown and first two-thirds basitarsus and fifth tarsomere dark brown, apical one-third basitarsus and tarsomeres 2���4 cream, T2 brown, T3���T8 darker, almost black, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, ovipositor orange. Wings hyaline except for faint brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wings. Head. 1.2 (1.1���1.5)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face punctate-rugose, pubescence long, dense; sub-antennal groove present, imbricate; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, scattered short setae; vertex and gena reticulate, weakly strigate, a few scattered punctures, scattered short setae; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.24�� height eye; clypeus 3.2 (2.9���3.6)�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, distinct medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.7�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.67 (1.5���1.8)�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.5 (1.3���1.5)�� as long as scape, 0.55 (0.5���0.7)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose dorsally, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum rounded in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes strigate, reticulate microsculpture, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum strigate, reticulate microsculpture, with two depressions on anterior margin; axillae rugose, reticulate microsculpture; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron, rugose, a few scattered punctures ventrally, pubescence long; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, small area in front of spiracle punctate dorsally, smooth medially, reticulate microsculpture ventrally, long scattered setae; propodeum areolate, tending rugose laterally, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa strigate-imbricate, scattered long setae, denser laterally, ovipositor guide medial, transverse, broad (Fig. 25C); hind trochanter imbricate, pubescence short; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.66 (0.46���0.75)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventroapical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.4 (2.0���2.7)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.53 (1.48���1.6)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 3.0 (2.8���3.3)�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.53 (0.5���0.6)�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5 (0.3���0.58)�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli, hamuli 2 and 3 separate from 1. Metasoma. Clavate, 1.76 (1.7���1.82)�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 22A); T1 and T2 narrow, T1 weakly imbricate, weak rugosity medio-longitudinally, glabrous, T2 and T3 imbricate, glabrous, T4���T8 imbricate, scattered short setae; ovipositor 15.7 (15.0���16.0) mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named for Henry Hacker, collector of the holotype and most of the paratypes, who was the entomologist at the Queensland Museum 1911 to 1931. Distribution. The holotype and most of the paratypes were collected from Tamborine Mountain, south-east Queensland (Fig. 60). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus hackeri keys out with A. neboissi, both species having the mesoscutum angular in lateral view, metanotum clavate, brown infuscation apically on the fore wing (although less distinct or sometimes absent on the former species), and a transverse ovipositor guide on the hind coxa. The two species, however, differ in a number of characters: ovipositor guide medial, frons with lateral medial carina above toruli, and largely blackbrown colouration in A. hacker, whereas in A. neboissi, the ovipositor guide is distal, the frons lacks a lateral medial carina above the toruli, and the head is black, and the meso- and metasoma orange. The specimen from Brisbane lacks the brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wings and for this reason has not been included in the type series., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus longiventris (Kieffer, 1911) Figs 31, 62. Aulacinus longiventris Kieffer 1911: 220, 222.��� Kieffer 1912: 349, 355; Hedicke 1939: 25. Aulacus longiventris ��� Smith 2001: 272, comb. nov.; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, "Melbourne Victoria " " Australia. R.E. Turner 1907���244) (BMNH 3 a.88). Other Material examined. Queensland: 1♂, Brisbane, 25.ii.1956, I Kerr (MVMA); 1♂, Brisbane, 16.i.1957, I Kerr (MVMA); 1♂, Cairncross National Park, 16.iv.1965, B. Cantrell (QM); 1♀, Goodwood, 5.iv.1973, H. Frauca (ANIC); 1♂, Mt Marlay, Stanthorpe, 4.ii.1984, G & A Daniels (QM); 2♂, 5 km N Leyburn, 28.iii.1986, G & A Daniels (QM); 1♀, Logan, Oct. - Nov., no collector (AEI); 1♂, Maleny, Apr., no collector (AEI); 1♀, Mt Glorious, Dec. 9-26, no collector (AEI); 1♀, Stanthorpe, Dec., no collector (AEI). NSW: 1♀, Rose Bay, 6.xi.1894, W.W. Froggatt (ANIC); 1♀, Sydney, 20.x.1912, McCarthy (BMNH); 1♂, Mt Victoria, 1.i.1931, A.N. Burns (MVMA); 1♂, Lane Cove, 6.xi.1943, no collector (AMS); 1♂, Mt Gladstone, 21.ii.1969, Neboiss (MVMA); 1♂, Mt Tomah, 29.xii.1977, no collector (AMS); 1♂, Kuringga, 24.xii.1978, G.R. Brown (ASCU); 1♀, 17 km W Mt Tomah, 15.xii.1981, I Gauld (BMNH); 1♀, 5 km NE Nerriga, 19.i.1984, L Masner (AEI); 1♀, Sydney, no date, Deane (QM); 1♀, Blue Mountains, no date or collector (MAMU); 1♂, no data label (MAMU). ACT: 1♂, Blundell's, 7.i.1930, G.A. Currie (ANIC); 1♀, Black Mountain, 17.ii.1930, L.F. Graham (ANIC); 1♂, Blundell's, 16.iii.1948, E.F. Riek (ANIC). Victoria: 1♀, Melbourne, 7.xii.1927, F.E. Wilson (MVMA); 1♀, Boolara, 12.i.1949, A.N. Burns (MVMA); 1♀, Warburton, Feb. 22- Mar. 1 [no year], no collector (AEI); 1♂, Langwarrin district, no date or collector (MVMA); 2♀, 1♂, no data label (MVMA); 1♀, from Phoracanthus, emerged 1.i.1905, no collector or location (MVMA). Description. FEMALE. Length. 14.9 (13.5���16.1) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma orange, with variable amounts of black on T1 and T4 to tip, fore and mid legs orange, tibiae and tarsi white except tarsomere 5 black, hind coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia black except for variable amounts of orange on femur, hind tarsi white except for variable amounts of black on first and fifth segments. Wings hyaline, fore wing with indistinct brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells. Head. 1.06 (1.05���1.09)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face rugulose, pubescence long; with subantennal groove; frons with pronounced lateral medial carina above toruli, rugulose, with a few radiating striations near median ocellus, pubescence long; vertex and gena almost smooth, faintly rugose-imbricate, pubescence long; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.15 (0.14���0.18)�� height eye; clypeus 2.8�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with distinct medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.9�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.8�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.7 (1.3���2.2)�� as long as scape, 0.74 (0.71���0.77)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin slightly curved; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum rugose, with several transverse carinae medially, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide somewhat caudad, transverse, distal fringe of short setae, no setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.65 (0.63���0.67)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.5 (2.3���2.6)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.5 (1.3���1.6)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.2 (2.0���2.4)�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.75 (0.7���0.8)�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.55 (0.5���0.7)�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m spectral medially; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 2.07 (1.88���2.26)�� length of mesosoma; T1 and T2 broad, rugulose dorsally, smooth laterally, ovipositor 17.9 (16.5���19.5) mm. MALE. Similar to female except: length 15.0 (13.0���17.5); metasoma 2.36 (2.29���2.4); basiparameres broad, glabrous at base, weakly imbricate and pubescent towards apex; digitus slightly longer than basiparameres Distribution. This species is widely distributed along the eastern Australian mainland, from north of Brisbane, Queensland to several localities around Melbourne, Victoria (Fig. 62). Biology. One specimen from MVMA emerged from Phoracantha sp. (Cerambycidae), labelled as Phoracanthus. Comments. Aulacus longiventris keys out together with A. belairensis from South Australia. Aulacus longiventris is a much larger species (body length 14.9 (13.5���16.1) mm, excluding ovipositor, ovipositor 17.9 (16.5���19.5) mm) than A. belairensis (body length 5.0 (4.4���5.5) mm, excluding ovipositor, ovipositor 5.9 (5.0���6.5) mm). The two species can also be separated by the position of the ovipositor guide (somewhat caudad and transverse in A. longiventris, distal and transverse in A. belairensis), and A. belairensis lacks a lateral medial carina above toruli which is present in A. longiventris., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus fuscicornis Cameron, 1911 Figs 23, 60. Aulacus fuscicornis Cameron 1911: 345.��� Hedicke 1939: 18; Riek 1970: 903; Smith 2001: 271; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ "Bred from longicorn larvae NSW 11.1.[19]09. (in W.W. Froggatt's handwriting)" " P. Cameron Coll. 1914���110" (BMNH 3 a. 91). Paratype. NSW: 1♀, same data as holotype (BMNH). Other Material examined. NSW: 1♀, 1 larval skin, 1 pupal case, no location, 11.I.[19]09 (ASCU); 2♀, same data (BMNH). Queensland: 3♀, 2♂, Petrie, 10.XII.1975, M. De Baar (BMNH). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.4 (6.0���6.6) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma black, scape and pedicel pale brown, flagellomeres dark brown, legs orange except for variable amounts of black on coxae, metasoma orange except for variable amounts of black on T1, ovipositor sheaths dark brown, ovipositor orange (Figs 23A, B). Wings hyaline (Fig. 23A). Head. 1.7 (1.6���1.9)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 23C); face rugose-reticulate, pubescence short; deep sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose-reticulate, with short pubescence; vertex punctate-reticulate, with a few lateral striations, with scattered short setae (Fig. 23C); gena punctate-reticulate, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.33 (0.30���0.36)�� height eye; clypeus 3.0 (2.9���3.1)�� as wide as high, dome-like, margin sinuate, weak medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.4�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 0.9�� as long as scape, 0.9�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron reticulate, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose-reticulate, mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 23D), medial and lateral lobes coarsely rugose, scattered punctures on lateral lobes, with scattered long setae, admedial lines weak; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and shallow; scutellum and axillae coarsely rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, somewhat oblique, separated by a median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin almost straight; mesopleuron coarsely rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron coarsely rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugose, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide somewhat distal, anteriorly oblique (Fig. 23G), long setae on distal margin, no setae inside of groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.69 (0.67���0.71)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.1 (2.9���3.2)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.4�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.6�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.6�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing vein 2r-m absent and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 2���3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.35 (1.25���1.46)�� length of mesosoma; T1 and T2 broad, smooth, except for several small, shallow punctures dorsally and anteriorly; ovipositor 7.5 (6.8���7.9) mm. MALE. Similar to female except: length 5.3 (5.1���5.5) mm; last few metasomal segments with variable amounts of dark brown; genitalia black; digitus longer than penis valves and parameres (Fig. 23H). PUPA. Pupal case pale brown, testaceous, ovoid, 6.5 mm long�� 2.7 mm wide. LARVA. The larval skin is badly preserved. Head 2.5 mm broad; pronotum heavily sclerotised, dark brown; mandibles black, chisel-like, lacking teeth; clypeus with several stout setae. Distribution. The holotype was collected from an unknown location in NSW, with a number of paratypes collected from Petrie, Queensland (Fig. 60). Biology. This species is apparently a parasitoid of cerambycid larvae, but one label in ASCU in W.W. Froggatt's handwriting indicates that it may have come from either cerambycid or buprestid larvae. The larva and pupa were apparently bred from longicorn larvae (the label on the specimens is in W. W. Frogatt���s handwriting and were collected on the same date as the holotype adult). This is also the only Australian species where the larval and pupal stages are known. Comments. Aulacus fuscicornis is similar to A. rieki because both species have the mesoscutum rounded antero-dorsally in lateral view, fore wing without a brown spot apically, hind wing venation complete, metasoma ovate, and frons without a lateral medial carina above the toruli. However, they differ in a number of characters. Aulacus fuscicornis has a face that is rugose-reticulate and without punctures, head and mesosoma black, and metasoma orange except for variable amounts of black on T1, whereas A. rieki has a punctate-rugose face and body dark brown-black. The male is similar to the female but is smaller and has extra brown colouration on the last few metasomal segments., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus belairensis Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 Aulacus belairensis Jennings et al. 2004b: 14; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Comments. This species was described recently by Jennings et al. (2004b) from Belair, South Australia. In addition to the description provided in Jennings et al. (2004b), the ovipositor guide is distal, transverse, distal fringe with long setae, and no setae in the groove. Aulacus belairensis keys out with A. longiventris and A. houstoni. The three species can be readily separated by the lateral medial carina above the toruli, which is present in A. longiventris and A. houstoni but absent in A. belairensis. They can also be separated by the position of the ovipositor guide on the hind coxae (transverse and distal in A. belairensis, transverse, medial and broad in A. houstoni, and transverse and somewhat caudad in A. longiventris). There are also colouration differences (see key above)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Jennings, J. T., Austin, A. D. & Stevens, N. B. (2004 b) Species of the wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) endemic to South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 13 - 21.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus williamsi Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 53, 67. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " The Blowhole, Boonanghi S.F., W of Kempsey, NSW. 10-12 Dec 1994. G. Williams " "emerged from fallen Backhousia myrtifolia branch ex rainforest" (AMS). Paratypes. NSW: 1♀, Breakneck Lookout, 11 km SSW Taree, 13���24.xi.1991, G & T Williams (AMS); 4♀, 2♂, same data as holotype, various dates (AMS). Queensland: 1♀, Tinana Creek 35m, 25.752��� S 152.694 ���E, 22.xi-7.xii.2011, G Monteith (QM). Description. FEMALE. Length. 8.0 (7.0���8.5) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and mesosoma black, antenna orange except last two flagellomeres black, small amount of orange on lower gena, clypeus, and anteriorly on propleuron, legs orange except for variable amounts of black basally on coxae, metasomal T1 and T2 largely orange with remaining segments blackish brown, ovipositor sheaths with broad band of orange in apical half, but excluding the tip; ovipositor lighter orange (Figs 53A, B). Wings hyaline except for dark brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 53B). Head. 1.55 (1.50���1.60)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 53C); face rugose-reticulate, pubescence long; shallow sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose-reticulate, with long pubescence; vertex rugose-reticulate, almost strigate-reticulate, with scattered short setae (Fig. 53C); gena rugosereticulate, pubescence short; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.32 (0.30���0.33)�� height eye; clypeus 2.8�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with distinct medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.62 (0.54���0.67)�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.1�� as long as scape, 0.55�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron reticulate, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally (Fig. 53D), medial and lateral lobes strigate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present (Fig. 53E); notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae strigate, scutellum anteriorly with pair of oblique, deep depressions, separated by median carina (Fig. 53F); metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin slightly curved; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugose, posterior margin weakly rugose; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide about �� way along coxae, oblique, distal fringe of long setae, setae in the groove (Figs 53G,H); hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.80 (0.79���0.82)�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.7 (2.6���2.9)�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6 (1.4���1.7)�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.6 (2.5���2.8)�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.50 (0.45���0.55)�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.56 (0.55���0.58)�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, about equal to length of mesosoma (Fig. 53B); T1 and T2 broad, glabrous, with several very shallow small punctures anteriorly; ovipositor 5.3 (5.0���5.7) mm. MALE. Similar to female except: flagellomeres brown, becoming progressively darker towards tip; length 9.0 (8.5���9.6) mm; metasoma 1.47 (1.33���1.61)�� length mesosoma; digitus slightly longer than basiparameres; basiparameres broad, glabrous basally to reticulate and with long setae apically. Etymology. This new species is named after the collector, Geoff Williams OAM, research associate with the Australian Museum, Sydney NSW. Distribution. This species is known from Taree and Kempsey, NSW and Tinana Creek, Queensland (Fig. 67). Biology. This species has been reared from the dead or fallen branches of Backhousia myrtifolia (Myrtaceae) in dry rainforest, Boonanghi State Forest, NSW and one female from B. sciadophora in dry rainforest near Taree, NSW. The insect host is unknown. Comments. Aulacus williamsi keys out with A. nebo. Both species have the mesosoma angular in lateral view, metasoma ovate, fore wing with apical spot at apex, hind wing venation complete, and a distal, oblique ovipositor guide on the hind coxa. They can be readily distinguished by colouration��� A. nebo has an orange-brown head, meso- and metasoma, whereas the head and mesosoma are black and metasomal T1 and T2 are largely orange with remaining segments blackish brown in A. williamsi. The male of A. williamsi is slightly longer and has a narrower and more elongate metasoma than the female. The flagellomeres also differ in colour, being brown, becoming progressively darker towards the tip., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 94-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus pallidus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 39, 64. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Mt Dandenong, Victoria, 300 m, 13-29.ii", year unknown, collector unknown (ANIC). Left flagellomeres 9-12, right flagellomeres 10-12, and right fore tarsus missing. Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.8 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head dark brown (Fig. 39D), meso- and metasoma pale orange (Figs 39A, B), mandibles orange, except teeth dark brown, flagellomeres 6–11 cream. Wings hyaline except for fuscous brown band apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 39B). Head. 1.36× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 39C); face imbricate, pubescence short; shallow subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, with short pubescence; vertex and gena rugulose-imbricate with scattered punctures with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.32× height eye; clypeus 3.6× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with short medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.7× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.34× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.37× as long as scape, 0.56× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose-punctate, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Figs 39D,F), medial and lateral lobes strigate with underlying imbricate microsculpturing, with scattered short setae, admedial lines weak; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum strigate with underlying imbricate microsculpturing, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; axillae rugose; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin slightly curved; mesopleuron rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa weakly strigate dorsally, pubescence short laterally, ovipositor guide medial, oblique (Fig. 39E), long setae on distal margin, no setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.72× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.4× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.7× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.0× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.6× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation incomplete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M absent, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.4× length of mesosoma (Fig. 39B); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous; ovipositor 6.1 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. The name pallidus refers to the pale body of this new species. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Mt Dandenong, Victoria (Fig. 64). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus pallidus is similar to A. tiernyi, but differs in colour, with head dark brown and meso- and metasoma pale orange in the former species, whereas the head and metasoma are orange and the mesosoma brown in the latter species. Also, A. pallidus has the ovipositor slightly shorter than the body (ovipositor length 6.1 mm and body length 6.8 mm) whereas the ovipositor is much longer than the body in A. tiernyi (ovipositor 13.6 (13– 14.2) mm and body 7.6 (6.5–8.25) mm).

Aulacidae Schuckard, 1841 (key references only) Aulacus (in Evaniales) Latreille 1810.���Schuckard 1841: 117 (Aulacidae); Thomson 1883: 843, 845 (Aulacus in key); Cameron 1887: 422 (Aulacinae); Cresson 1887: 36, 182; Ashmead 1900: 8 (Aulacinae); Bradley 1901a: 28; Bradley 1901b: 319; Kieffer 1902: 10; Kieffer 1903: 347 (Aulacinae); Sz��pligeti 1903: 390; Bradley 1908: 118; Kieffer 1912: 342 (Aulacinae); Hedicke 1939: 1; Townes 1951: 657 (Aulacinae); Crosskey 1951: 284; Crosskey 1962: 380; Carlson 1979: 1111; Oehlke 1983: 439; Smith 2001: 267 (catalog); Turrisi et al. 2009: 27; Turrisi 2017: 931 (catalog). Remarks. Aulacidae comprises two genera, Aulacus and Pristaulacus (see, for example, Smith 2001, Turrisi et al. 2009). For a recent synopsis of the systematics of the Aulacidae and taxonomic history, see Smith (2001), Jennings et al. (2004a, b), and Turrisi et al. (2009). Aulacus was recently redefined by Turrisi et al. (2009) within a cladistic framework. Aulacus can be distinguished from Pristaulacus by the following combination of characters: occipital carina absent (present in Pristaulacus); frons sculptured above antennal sockets (not sculptured in Pristaulacus); tarsal claws with one weak basal process, lacking tooth-like processes along inner margin (with three to four tooth-like processes along inner margin in Pristaulacus, i.e. pectinate); petiole (metasomal T1+T2) at most as long as wide in Pristaulacus (slender, at least 2.5�� as long as wide in Aulacus) (Turrisi 2007; Turrisi et al. 2009; Watanabe et al. 2013). Aulacidae currently comprises 264 extant species��� Aulacus with 83 species and Pristaulacus with 181 species (Turrisi 2017; Smith 2018). Turrisi (2017) recently analysed the distribution of the two genera and found that the family is represented in all zoogeographic regions except Antactica, with most species occurring in the Australian and Neotropical regions. Prior to this paper, 38% of the world Aulacus species were known from Australasia (Turrisi 2017), but the proportion of Australasian species is now 64%. Most Australian Aulacus are from the higher rainfall, forested areas of the east coast of mainland Australia and Tasmania, with just three species recorded from south-west Western Australia and four from South Australia (Jennings et al. 2004a, b). To date, no Aulacus have been collected from the Northern Territory., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1810) Considerations generales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustaces, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp.","Cameron, P. (1887) Insecta Hymenoptera (families Tenthredinidae-Chrysididae). Vol. I. In: Godman, F. DuC. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1883 - 1900. Published for the editors by R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 473, 20 pls.","Cresson, E. T. (1887) Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Suppementary Volume, 1 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5531","Ashmead, W. H. (1900) Classification of the ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 23, 220 pp.","Bradley, J. C. (1901 a) The Evaniidae of America north of Mexico. The Entomological Student, 2, 28 - 3 1.","Bradley, J. C. (1901 b) The Evaniidae of America north of Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 319 - 330, pl. XI.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1902) Les Evaniides, Fam. Evaniidae. In: Wytsman, P., Genera Insectorum. Fascicule 2. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 13, pl. V.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1903) Les Evaniides. In: Andre, E., Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie, Paris, 7 (Part 2), pp. 347 - 482.","Szepligeti, V. (1903) Neue Evaniiden aus der sammlung des Ungarischen National-Museums. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 1, 364 - 395.","Bradley, J. C. (1908) The Evaniidae, ensign-flies, an archaic family of Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 34, 101 - 194, pls. V-XV.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Crosskey, R. W. (1951) The morphology, taxonomy, and biology of the British Evanioidea (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102, 247 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1951. tb 00749. x","Carlson, R. W. (1979) Aulacidae. In Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1111 - 1115.","Oehlke, J. (1983) Revision der europaischen Aulacidae (Hymenoptera-Evanioidea. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 33, 439 - 447.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Turrisi, G. F., Jennings, J. T. & Vilhelmsen, L. (2009) Phylogeny and generic concepts in the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 27 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / is 08031","Turrisi, G. F. (2017) The parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea), with a revised world checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119 (Special Issue), 931 - 939. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.119. SpecialIssue. 931","Jennings, J. T., Austin, A. D. & Stevens, N. B. (2004 a) The aulacid wasp fauna of Western Australia with descriptions of six new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 22, 115 - 128.","Smith, D. R. (2018) Neotropical Pristaulacus Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae), species with acute anterolateral mesonotal projections. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 144 (2), 309 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.144.0203"]}

Aulacus aquilus Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 4, 55. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, Queensland: "24��59"28' S 147��53 "48' E, Mt Moffatt Nat. Pk. SQC. Marlong Arch. 820 m. 19 Nov 1995. C.J. Burwell " (QM). Paratypes. Queensland: 1♀, Bluff Range Biggenden, 10.xii.1971, H. Frauca (ANIC); 1♀, Bin Bin Range via Didcot, 4-5.xii.1974, H. Frauca (ANIC); 1♂, Barkula via Chinchilla, 4.x.1994, F.R. Wylie, J. King, M. DeBaar (ANIC); 1♂, Carnarvon National Park, Mt Moffatt Section, 500m NE The Tombs, 26.xi.1997, J. Skevington, C. Lambkin, S. Evans (QM); 1♂, Mt Coo-tha, J. & A. Skevington, 8.ix.1997 (QM); 3♂, Carnarvon National Park, Mt Moffatt Section, NE peak Mt Rugged, 30.xi.1997, J. Skevington, C. Lambkin, S. Evans (QM); 21♂, Carnarvon National Park, Mt Moffatt Section, summit Mt Moffatt, various dates and collectors (QM). South Australia: 1♂, Dingly Dell Camp, Oraparinna Creek, 7.xi.1987, I. Naumann & J. Cardale (ANIC). Other Material examined. ? Victoria: 3♀, 2♂, no data labels (MVMA). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.9 mm (6.0��� 8.2 mm), excluding ovipositor. Colour. Black except legs, metasomal T1 and T2 and mandibles with variable amounts of light brown; tarsomeres 2���4 cream-white; ovipositor sheaths with cream-white band sub-apically. Wings hyaline. Head. 1.40 (1.16���2.17) when viewed dorsally; face rugose, pubescence long; frons with pronounced lateral carina above toruli, rugose, with short pubescence; vertex and gena imbricate, pubescence short; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; malar space 0.16 (0.13���0.19)�� height eye; clypeus 3.7�� as wide as high, punctate; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.10 (0.90���1.25)�� distance between lateral ocelli (Fig. 4C); scape 1.60 (1.40���2.00)�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.30 (1.00���1.45)�� as long as scape, 0.75 (0.73���0.80)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron very short, rugulose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present (Fig. 4E); pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view somewhat rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 4E), antero-lateral face vertical, medial and lateral lobes rugose with long setae; admedial lines present; notauli distinct, scrobiculate, broad and deep; scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, somewhat oblique, separated by a median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin slightly curved; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron rugose, pubescence long; propodeum rugose, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide absent (Fig. 4F); hind trochanter and hind femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered emergent stout setae; hind femur 0.8�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.5�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.1�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.5�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.75�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.38�� length tarsomere 5 (sometimes claw worn); fore wing vein 2r-m spectral medially, 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.5�� length of mesosoma (Figs 4A, B); T1 and T2 broad, dorsal surface rugulose, lateral surfaces smooth; ovipositor 5.2 (4.6���6.5 mm) mm. MALE. Similar to female except: length more variable, 6.3���9.5 mm; hind wing with 2���4 hamuli (3% 2/2, 77% 3/3, 7% 4/4 and 13% 3/2, 2/3 or 3/4); digitus about as long as or slightly longer than basiparamere. Etymology. The name for this species, aquilus, is from the Latin meaning 'dark coloured, swarthy, or blackish', and indicates the generally dark colour of this species. Distribution. Aulacus aquilus is known from several localities in southeastern Queensland and a single locality Oraparinna Creek, Flinders Ranges, in South Australia. Although the five specimens in MVMA are possibly from Victoria, we cannot be certain of this, and they have not been plotted on Fig. 55. Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species except for several specimens in MVMA "bred from sticks containing larvae of beetles". Comments. Aulacus aquilus is in a group together with A. bashfordi, A. froggatti and A. pallidicaudis, all of which have the mesosoma rounded antero-laterally in lateral view, metasoma ovate, and lack an ovipositor guide on the hind coxae. Aulacus aquilus and A. pallidicaudus both have a lateral medial carina above the toruli which is absent in the other two species. Aulacus aquilus and A. pallidicaudus can be readily separated by the sculpturing on the face (rugose in A. aquilus and rugulose-reticulate in A. pallidicaudus)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus insularis Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 26, 61. Material examined. Holotype. ♂, " 29.07S 167.57E Philip Island, Upper Long Valley [Victoria], 20-24 Nov. 1984, I.D. Naumann " (ANIC). Paratypes. Victoria: 3♂, same location and dates, I.D. Naumann and L. Hill (ANIC). Description. MALE. Length. 4.7 (4.0–5.0) mm. Colour. Black, except mandibles cream except teeth brown, scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres 1–2 yellow brown, remainder brown, fore and mid legs yellow except coxae black and trochanters with variable amounts of black, hind legs brown except coxae black, metasoma dark brown except for two cream bands on segments 2 and 3 (Figs 26A, B). Wings hyaline. Head. 1.36 (1.33–1.42)× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 26C); face punctate-rugose, pubescence short; shallow sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose-punctate, with short pubescence; vertex and gena rugose-punctate, with scattered short setae (Fig. 26C); posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.2× height eye; clypeus 3.5× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.8 (0.7–0.9)× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.15 (1.10–1.20)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.27 (1.21–1.37)× as long as scape, 0.65 (0.63– 0.68)× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes rugose-imbricate, with scattered short setae, admedial lines pronounced (Fig. 26E); notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep (Fig. 26E); scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of slightly oblique deep depressions, separated by a median carina; metapostnotum coarsely rugose, posterior margin slightly curved; mesopleuron rugose, with short pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron glabrous dorsally, rugose ventrally and with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.81 (0.74– 0.87)× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.3 (1.9–2.5)× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.5 (1.4– 1.6)× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.8 (1.6–2.0)× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.7× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.50 (0.43–0.55)× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation incomplete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M absent, with 2–3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 1.8 (1.6–2.0)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 26B); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous; basiparameres broad; digitus broad, slightly longer than basiparameres. FEMALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named insularis in reference to the holotype locality, Philip Island, Victoria. Distribution. This species is known only from Philip Island, Victoria (Fig. 61). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus insularis is readily separated from all other Australian species by the distinctive cream bands on metasomal segments 2 and 3 (Figs 26A, B).

Aulacus naumanni Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 34, 63. Material examined. Holotype. ♂, “ Gibraltar Falls 27 Jan. 1984 ACT I.D. Naumann ex ethanol (ANIC). Description. MALE. Length. 5.56 mm. Colour. Head and propleuron black, last four flagellomeres darker, ventral half of pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron black, T1–3 and anterior half of T4 orange, posterior half of T4 and T5–7 black, hind trochanteral groove and apex brown, fifth tarsomere darker (Figs 34A, B). Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 34B). Head. 1.2× wider than long when viewed dorsally; face punctate-rugose, pubescence short; sub-antennal groove present; frons punctate-rugose, without lateral medial carina above toruli, with scattered short pubescence; vertex punctate-rugose, with scattered short setae; gena punctate-rugose, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head slightly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.23× height eye; clypeus 4.0× as wide as high, margin sinuate, distinct medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.67× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.16× as long as scape, 0.66× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum antero-dorsally angular in lateral view, medial and lateral lobes coarsely strigate-rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae strigate-rugose, scutellum anteriorly with single depression; metapostnotum areolate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with short pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, smooth patch anterior of spiracle, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, medial carina absent, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa finely strigate, pubescence short laterally; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.74× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.28× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.4× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.08× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.86× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 1.4× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M largely spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 1.8× length of mesosoma (Fig. 34B); T1 and T2 narrow, smooth, glabrous; remaining tergites imbricate, scattered setae, denser posteriorly; basiparameres narrow and pointed, pubescent toward tip, digitus about the same length as basiparameres (Figs 34C, D). FEMALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named for Ian Naumann, Director, SPS Capacity Building Program, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra ACT. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Gibraltar Falls, ACT (Fig. 63). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. This species is largely orange, except head and propleuron black, last four flagellomeres darker, ventral half of pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron black, posterior half of T4 and T5–7 black, and hind trochanteral groove and apex brown, fifth tarsomere darker. This colour combination is different from all other Australian Aulacus species.

Aulacus truncatus (Kieffer, 1911) Fig. 48. Aulacinus truncatus Kieffer 1911: 220, 221.��� Kieffer 1912: 350, 357; Hedicke 1939: 26. Aulacus truncatus: Smith 2001: 276, comb. nov.; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Victoria 7.ix.[19]07" " Australia. R. E. Turner. 1907���244" (BMNH���3 a.85; NHMUK010837007). Left flagellomeres 6���12, left hind tarsomeres 4���5 and claw, and right hind femur, tibia, tarsus and claw missing. Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.0 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head and propleuron dark brown, scape and pedicel pale brown, flagellomeres dark brown, mesosoma black, legs predominantly pale brown, metasoma predominantly dark brown, T1 and T2 paler (Figs 48A, B,C). Fore wing brown apically on the marginal and submarginal cells (Fig. 48A). Head. 1.35�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face rugulose, pubescence short; frons without lateral carina above toruli, rugulose-punctate, with short pubescence; vertex reticulate-punctate, with short pubescence; gena rugulose-punctate, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.5�� height eye; clypeus 2.5�� as wide as high, rugulose; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.8�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.7�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.0�� as long as scape, 0.6�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron imbricate, pubescence short, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum imbricate; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 48A), medial and lateral lobes rugulose-punctate with short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep; scutellum and axillae rugulosepunctate, scutellar depressions not visible; mesopleuron imbricate dorsally, rugose-areolate ventrally, with short pubescence; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron imbricate dorsally, rugose-areolate ventrally, with short pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugose laterally, smooth medially and with two transverse carinae, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa rugulose-punctate dorsally, imbricate laterally, pubescence short, ovipositor guide medial, oblique (largely hidden); hind trochanter imbricate, pubescence short; hind femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered emergent stout setae; hind femur 0.75�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.3�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.3�� length tarsomere 3; segments 3-5 and hind tarsal claw missing; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m spectral medially; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 2 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.54�� length of mesosoma (Fig. 48B); T1 and T2 weakly imbricate, almost smooth, except for slight rugosity anteriorly on T1; ovipositor 5.5 mm. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known only from Victoria, with the exact locality unknown. Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus truncatus is similar to A. tasmanicus. Both species have a medial, oblique ovipositor guide on the hind coxae but differ substantially in colouration, A. truncatus has the head and mesosoma black, metasoma predominantly dark brown, and T1 and T2 paler whereas in A. tasmanicus the head and mesosoma are black, and the metasoma dark brown. See also key for other differences., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1912) Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Evaniidae. Das Tierreich, 30, 1 - 431.","Hedicke, H. (1939) Aulacidae. In: Hedicke, H. (Ed.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 10. Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, pp. 1 - 28.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus vespiformis (Kieffer, 1911) Fig. 50. Neuralacinus vespiformis Kieffer 1911: 217, 218. Aulacus vespiformis ��� Smith 2001: 276, comb. nov.; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♂, "Townsville, Feb. 1903. F.P. Dodd " (BMNH���3 a.232; NHMUK011507536). Right hind wing glued to card. Right fore leg and mid tarsomere 5 and claw missing. Description. MALE. Length. 13.3 mm. Colour. Body brown with variable amounts of darker brown on head, propleuron, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesopleuron, mesepimeron, and propodeum; metathoracic tergites dark brown and posteriorly banded with creamish-yellow except T1 and T2 brown; legs and antenna brown (Figs 50A, B). Wings fuscous, darker brown in anterior half of fore wing (Fig. 50A). Head. 1.3�� wider than long when viewed dorsally; face imbricate, with long golden pubescence; frons with weak transverse carina above toruli, rugulose-imbricate with a few scattered shallow punctures, with long, golden pubescence; vertex imbricate with a few scattered shallow punctures medially, with short, golden pubescence; gena imbricate, with long golden pubescence; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.22�� height eye; clypeus 3.65�� as wide as high; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.83�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.75�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.1�� as long as scape, 0.9�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose dorsally, punctate-imbricate laterally, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes coarsely rugose with short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum, axillae, and mesopleuron rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; mesepimeron broad, scrobiculate; metapleuron rugose, with long pubescence; propodeum coarsely rugoseareolate, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence long laterally; hind trochanter and femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered emergent stout setae, hind femur 0.71�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of very short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.6�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.4�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.8�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.6�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing vein 2r-m entire, 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 2 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.43�� length of mesosoma (Figs 50A, B); T1 and T2 broad, imbricate with a few shallow punctures dorsally and posteriorly; digitus slightly longer than basiparamere. FEMALE. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known only from the holotype locality, Townsville, Queensland. Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. This species is known only from the holotype male. It is readily distinguished from all other Australian Aulacus by the distinctive creamish yellow banding on the metathorax and anterior half of fore wing being distinctively fuscous., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Kieffer, J. - J. (1911) Etude sur les Evaniides exotiques (Hym.) du British Museum de Londres. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 80, 151 - 230.","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus rieki Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 42, 65. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, “ Canberra A C T, 7 Mar 1960, E F Riek (ANIC). Paratypes. NSW: 1♀, Mt Brown, 10 Mar 1961, D.H. Colless (ANIC). Victoria: 1 ♂, Mallac [oota], 1915, J.E. Dixon (MVMA); 1♀, Mallacoota, 24.2.34, A.N. Burns (MVMA). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.6 (6.4–6.8) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Body dark brown-black, except frons and face darker, scape and pedicel pale brown, fore and mid legs pale brown except coxae dark brown, hind legs, basitarsus apically cream, tarsomeres 2–4 cream, T1 laterally and T2 brown, ovipositor brown (Figs 42 A, B). Wings hyaline except for brown infuscation apically on the marginal and third submarginal cells of fore wing (Fig. 42B). Head. 1.1× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 42C); face punctate-rugose, pubescence long; indistinct sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, rugose, scattered short setae; vertex and gena punctate-rugose, with scattered short setae, denser ventrally on gena; posterior margin of head very weakly concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.15 (0.14–0.17)× height eye; clypeus 3.6 (2.9–4.1)× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.63 (0.6–0.7)× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.3 (1.3–1.4)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.14 (1–1.33)× as long as scape, 0.61 (0.6–0.63)× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally, medial and lateral lobes rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep; scutellum strigate-rugose, with two deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; axillae rugose; metapostnotum broad, carinate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with long pubescence, denser ventrally; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron areolate, with short scattered setae, patch anteriorly before spiracle punctate to smooth posteriorly; propodeum areolate, posterior margin smooth, scattered long setae laterally; hind coxa strigate-rugose, pubescence short, ovipositor guide about ¼ way along coxa, oblique, distal fringe of long setae, no setae in groove; hind trochanter imbricate, pubescence short; prefemur on hind leg distinct; hind femur imbricate, pubescence short; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.7× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.33 (2.25– 2.5)× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.43 (1.3–1.5)× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.66 (2.6–2.8)× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.53 (0.45–0.55)× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.53 (0.45–0.55)× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2- M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 3.5 (3.4–3.7)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 42B); T1 and T2 narrow, T1 smooth, glabrous, T2 imbricate, glabrous, T3–T8 imbricate, short pubescence; ovipositor 5.2 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the late entomologist, winemaker, and horticulturalist Edgar Frederick Riek. Distribution. This species is known from several locations in ACT, NSW and Victoria (Fig. 65). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus rieki is similar to A. fuscicornis. See comments under A. fuscicornis.

Aulacus umbackae Jennings & Austin, sp. nov. Figs 49, 66. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " 17.28S 145.29E QLD. BS1 Longlands Gap. 30N[o] v1995 - 3Jan1996. L.Umback. 1150 m. Malaise trap." (ANIC). Left hind leg glued to card. Description. FEMALE. Length. 9.6 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Head black, meso- and metasoma orange (Figs 49A, B), scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres 1–4 black, flagellomere 5 brown, flagellomeres 6–12 cream, mandibles largely cream, teeth dark brown, mid tarsi and hind femora dark brown, hind tibiae brown, ovipositor sheaths black, ovipositor dark brown. Wings hyaline, brownish tinge (Fig. 49B). Head. 1.38× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 49C); face rugulose, pubescence long; shallow subantennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli, reticulate and with short pubescence near ocelli to rugulose and with longer, denser pubescence near toruli; vertex and gena smooth, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.12× height eye; clypeus 3.7× as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.85× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.5× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.45× as long as scape, 0.7× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina present; pronotum smooth; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Figs 49D, E), medial and lateral lobes rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines indistinct (Fig. 49E; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep (Fig. 49E); scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin rounded; mesopleuron smooth, with scattered long setae; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugulose dorsally to areolate ventrally, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa strigate, pubescence long laterally, ovipositor guide medial, oblique, fringe of long setae on distal margin, no setae in groove (Fig. 49F; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.75× length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.0× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.45× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.25× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.7× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.7× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.64× length of mesosoma (Fig. 49B); T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous; ovipositor 10.6 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the collector, L. Umback. Distribution. This species is known only from the holotype locality, Longlands Gap, near Herberton, Queensland (Fig. 66). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus umbackae is similar to A. warraensis. The two species are similar in general colouration, and have a medial, oblique ovipositor guide on the hind coxae. However, the face is rugulose in A. umbackae and punctate-rugose in A, warraensis. See key for differences in body and ovipositor length.

Aulacus minutus Crosskey 1953 Figs 33, 63. Aulacus minutus Crosskey 1953: 764.��� Smith 2001: 273; Jennings 2010 [on-line checklist]. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Tamborine Mountains, S.E. Queensland. 1.9.1935. R.E. Turner B.M. 1935��� 240" (BMNH���3 a.326). Other Material examined. Queensland: 1♀, Bundaberg, R. Moller, 14.ix.1948 (QM); 1♀, The Pinnacles, Mt. Walsh National Park, 11.v.1976, H. Frauca (ANIC). NSW: 1♀, nr. Braidwood, 27.ii.1953, Z. Liepa (ANIC). Australia: 1♀, no data label (BMNH���3 a.316). Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.4 (5.5���7.0) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Metasoma dark brown, head, scape, pedicel, flagellomere 1 and propodeum reddish brown, legs and metasoma brown. Wings hyaline, brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells of fore wing. Head. 1.62 (1.57���1.67)�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 33C); face imbricate, with scattered short setae; frons, rugose-punctate, with scattered short setae, but rugose and with rounded transverse carina above toruli; vertex and gena punctate-imbricate, slightly rugose towards occiput, with scattered short setae (Fig. 33C); posterior margin of head concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.36�� height eye; clypeus 3.90�� as wide as high, with short median process anteriorly; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 0.63�� distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.8�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 0.75�� as long as scape, 0.7 (0.54��� 0.90)�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose-punctate, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina prominent (Fig. 33F); pronotum rugose-punctate, dorsal part separated from ventral part by broad carinate groove (Fig. 33F); mesoscutum in lateral view angular antero-dorsally (Fig. 33F), medial and lateral lobes broadly strigate with scattered short setae, admedial lines inconspicuous; notauli distinct, carinate, broad and deep (Fig. 33E); scutellum broadly strigate, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; axillae strigate; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, with short pubescence; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron and propodeum coarsely rugose, with short pubescence; posterior margin of propodeum scrobiculate; hind coxa weakly strigate, pubescence short; ovipositor guide somewhat distal, oblique (flange-like ventrally when viewed laterally (Figs 33G,H), distal fringe of long setae, no setae in the groove; hind trochanter, hind femur and hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short; hind femur 0.9�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres without ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.1�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 1.4�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.8�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.7�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m complete, spectral; hind wing venation complete, spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.05 (1.0���1.1)�� length of mesosoma (Figs 33A, B); T1 and T2 broad, glabrous, except for several shallow punctures anteriorly; ovipositor 4.4 (3.6���5.5) mm. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known from a number of localities in Queensland and also Braidwood, NSW (Fig. 63). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. It should be noted that the specimen in the BMNH (3a.316) is labelled as a holotype and with a label by Kieffer, but the name on the label is a manuscript name that was not published and therefore has no status. The specimen is identical in appearance to other specimens of A. minutus Crosskey. Aulacus minutus can be distinguished from other species by the characters in the key, viz., mesosoma angular in lateral view, metasoma ovate, hind wing venation complete, ovipositor guide on hind coxae oblique, and lateral medial carina on frons absent. As well, the posterior margin of the head is distinctly concave in dorsal view (Fig. 33C)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367, {"references":["Crosskey, R. W. (1953) Two new species of Aulacostethus Philippi and a new species of Aulacus Jurine, from Australia, together with a key to the Australian species of Aulacostethus (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 6, 758 - 766. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935308654480","Smith, D. R. (2001) World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 263 - 319.","Jennings, J. T. (2010) Aulacidae. [Checklist of Australian species] Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy. Available from: https: // biodiversity. org. au / afd / taxa / Aulacus (accessed 27 November 2018)"]}

Aulacus jamberoo Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov. Figs 27, 61. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, NSW: "Jamberoo, 16.i.[19]49, no collector (AMS). Right flagellomeres 6���12 missing. Metasoma in gelatin capsule. Description. FEMALE. Length. 6.7 mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Red-brown (Figs 27A, B), legs slightly lighter, mandibular teeth dark brown, ovipositor sheaths black. Wings hyaline, fore wing with indistinct brown spot apically on the marginal and submarginal cells (Fig. 27B). Head. 1.35�� wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 27C); face rugose, pubescence long; shallow, indistinct sub-antennal groove; frons without lateral medial carina above toruli (Fig. 27C), rugose, with scattered short setae; vertex rugose, with scattered short setae; radiating striations around ocelli on both frons and vertex; gena rugose-imbricate, imbricate with scattered punctures near eye margin, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head not concave in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.2�� height eye; clypeus 3.2�� as wide as high, margin sinuate, with medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin equal to distance between lateral ocelli; scape 1.2�� length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.36�� as long as scape, 0.52�� as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugose, pubescence long, ventro-lateral carina distinct; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum in lateral view rounded antero-dorsally (Fig. 27F), medial lobe strigate, lateral lobe rugose, with scattered short setae, admedial lines present (Fig. 27E); notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and deep (Fig. 27E); scutellum and axillae rugose, scutellum anteriorly with pair of deep depressions, separated by a weak median carina; metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose dorsally, areolate ventrally, with long pubescence, denser ventrally; mesepimeron broad, carinate; metapleuron rugose, with short pubescence; propodeum areolate, posterior margin smooth; hind coxa strigate dorsally, pubescence short laterally, ovipositor guide somewhat medial, oblique, no setae on distal margin or in groove (Fig. 27H); hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; distinct prefemur on hind leg; hind femur imbricate, with scattered very short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.65�� length hind tibia; hind tibia with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines; hind tarsomeres 1���4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 2.2�� length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.43�� length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.3�� length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.6�� length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.5�� length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Clavate, 1.36�� length of mesosoma; T1 and T2 narrow, glabrous (Fig. 27G); ovipositor 6.6 mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Jamberoo, NSW. Distribution. This species is known only from Jamberoo, NSW (Fig. 61). Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species. Comments. Aulacus jamberoo keys out in a group together with A. albimanus and A. burnsi. These species all have the mesosoma rounded in lateral view, a brown spot apically on the fore wing, complete hind wing venation, oblique ovipositor guide on the hind coxae, no occipital carina, and the face either rugose or rugulose and lacking punctures. Aulacus jamberoo is a red-brown species whereas the other two species are largely black (see key for further differences)., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367

Aulacus obcordellus Jennings & Parslow, sp. nov. Figs 37, 64. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, " Arve Valley [Tasmania], ex Nothofagus cunninghamii, Host: Nascoides quadrinotata, coll. 27.1.[19]83 R. Bashford. (TMAG). Paratypes. Queensland: 1♀, Mt Glorious, Dec. 12, no other data (AEI). Victoria: 3♀, Mt. Dandenong, 200 m. 11-22.ii (no year) (AEI). Tasmania: 1♀, Frenchmans Cap, Franklin River, 14-21 Feb., no other data (AEI); 1♀, Franklin River, 22 Feb. –26 Mar., no other data (AEI). Description. FEMALE. Length. 7.9 (6.6–9.4) mm, excluding ovipositor. Colour. Meso and metasoma orange, head black except variable amounts of orange on sub-antennal grooves, antenna black except flagellomeres 5–7 white, ovipositor sheaths black except tips pale orange (Figs 37A, B). Wings hyaline, brownish tinge (Fig. 37B). Head. 1.64 (1.43–1.97)× wider than long when viewed dorsally (Fig. 37C); face punctate-reticulate, pubescence long; deep sub-antennal groove; frons pronounced lateral medial carina above toruli, punctatereticulate except smooth below carina where scape fits, with short pubescence; vertex reticulate with a few scattered shallow punctures, a few striations posteriorly, with scattered short setae; gena reticulate, a few shallow punctures near eye, with scattered short setae; posterior margin of head sinuate in dorsal view; occipital carina absent; malar space 0.35 (0.33–0.38)× height eye; clypeus 2.8× as wide as high, margin sinuate, weak medial process; distance from lateral ocellus to eye margin 1.2 (1.1–1.3)× distance between lateral ocelli; scape 2.3 (2.1– 2.5)× length pedicel; first flagellomere 1.30 (1.14–1.46)× as long as scape, 0.53 (0.47–0.60)× as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma. Propleuron rugulose and with short setae dorsally, smooth and with long setae laterally, ventrolateral carina broad, flange-like; pronotum punctate-reticulate dorsally to smooth ventrally; mesoscutum in lateral view distinctly angular antero-dorsally, medial lobe distinctly heart shaped in dorsal view, medial and lateral lobes coarsely strigate, with scattered short setae (Fig. 37D), admedial lines indistinct; notauli distinct, carinate, narrow and shallow; scutellum and axillae coarsely strigate, scutellum anteriorly with a single shallow depression (Fig. 37E); metapostnotum scrobiculate, posterior margin convex; mesopleuron rugose, coarse ventrally, with scattered short setae; mesepimeron broad, carinate dorsally, smooth ventrally; metapleuron smooth dorsally, rugose ventrally with scattered short setae; propodeum coarsely rugose, almost areolate, posterior margin scrobiculate; hind coxa rugulose, with short scattered setae, ovipositor guide absent; hind trochanter imbricate, with scattered short setae; prefemur on hind leg present; hind femur imbricate, with scattered short setae; hind tibia imbricate, pubescence short, with scattered stout emergent setae; hind femur 0.76 (0.74–0.78)× length hind tibia; hind tibia with blunt dorso-apical process; hind tarsomeres 1–4 with ventro-apical pecten of short robust spines, tarsomere 1, 3.0 (2.6– 3.3)× length tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2, 1.6 (1.4–1.8)× length tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3, 2.1 (1.8–2.3)× length tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4, 0.49 (0.45–0.55)× length tarsomere 5; hind tarsal claw 0.44 (0.42–0.45)× length tarsomere 5; fore wing veins 2r-m and 3r-m largely spectral; hind wing venation complete, R+Rs, M+Cu, Cu, r-m and 2-M spectral, with 3 hamuli. Metasoma. Ovate, 1.19 (1.12–1.21)× length of mesosoma (Fig. 37B); T1 and T2 broad, several shallow and indistinct punctures antero-dorsally; ovipositor 6.3 (5.2–7.0) mm. MALE. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named obcordellus, meaning 'small heart shaped', in reference to the shape of the medial lobe of the scutellum when viewed dorsally (Fig. 37F). Distribution. This species has been collected from three widely separated localities, Mt Glorious, southeastern Queensland, Mt Dandenong, Victoria, and Frenchmans Cap, western Tasmania (Fig. 64). Biology. The holotype was reared from Nascoides quadrinotata (Buprestidae) infesting Nothofagus cunninghamii (Nothofagaceae), Arve Valley, Tasmania. Comments. Aulacus obcordellus keys out with A. scitulus. Although very similar in appearance, they can be separated by the sculpturing on the face, punctate-reticulate in A. obcordellus and punctate-rugose in A. scitulus. Both species have a black head and orange meso- and metasoma, but there are some minor colouration differences. For example, A. obcordellus has black antennae except flagellomeres 5–7 white, and ovipositor sheath black except tip pale orange, whereas A. scitulus has black antennae except flagellomeres 4–7 cream, and ovipositor sheath brown. There are also differences in the metasoma, with A. obcordellus having metasoma 1.19 (1.12–1.21)× length of the mesosoma, and T1 and T2 broad with several shallow and indistinct punctures antero-dorsally, whereas in A. scitulus the metasoma is 1.3× the length of the mesosoma, and T1 and T2 are narrow, glabrous, and smooth tending to imbricate with scattered, small punctures posteriorly. Further collecting of these two species may reveal that the differences highlighted are simply intra-specific and that the two species are synonymous., Published as part of Jennings, John T., Parslow, Ben A. & Austin, Andrew D., 2018, Systematics of the parasitoid wasp genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Australia, pp. 1-113 in Zootaxa 4538 (1) on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4538.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3771367