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In [16], a theory of universal extensions in abelian categories is developed; in particular, the notion of Ext-universal object is presented. In the present paper, we show that an Ab3 abelian category which is Ext-small satisfies the Ab4 condition if, and only if, each one of its objects is Ext-universal. We also give a characterization of the co-Ext-universal objects of the category of torsion abelian groups. In particular, we show that such groups are the ones admitting a decomposition $Q\oplus R$, in which $Q$ is injective and $R$ is a reduced group on which each $p$-component is bounded., Comment: 26 pages

In an arbitrary Grothendieck category, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the class of $\text{FP}_n$-injective objects to be a torsion class. By doing so, we propose a notion of $n$-hereditary categories. We also define and study the class of $\text{FP}_n$-flat objects in Grothendieck categories with a generating set of small projective objects, and provide several equivalent conditions for this class to be torsion-free. In the end, we present several applications and examples of $n$-hereditary categories in the contexts modules over a ring, chain complexes of modules and categories of additive functors from an additive category to the category of abelian groups. Concerning the latter setting, we find a characterization of when these functor categories are $n$-hereditary in terms of the domain additive category., Comment: 27 pages

We consider an arbitrary Abelian category $\mathcal{A}$ and a subcategory $\mathcal{T}$ closed under extensions and direct summands, and characterize those $\mathcal{T}$ that are (semi-)special preenveloping in $\mathcal{A}$; as a byproduct, we generalize to this setting several classical results for categories of modules. For instance, we get that the special preenveloping subcategories $\mathcal{T}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ closed under extensions and direct summands are precisely those for which $(_{}^{\perp_1}\mathcal{T},\mathcal{T})$ is a right complete cotorsion pair, where $_{}^{\perp_1}\mathcal{T}:=\text{Ker} (\text{Ext}_{\mathcal{A}}^1(-,\mathcal{T}))$. Particular cases appear when $\mathcal{T}=V^{\perp_1}:=\text{Ker}(\text{Ext}_{\mathcal{A}}^1(V,-))$, for an $\text{Ext}^1$-universal object $V$ such that $\text{Ext}_{\mathcal{A}}^1(V,-)$ vanishes on all (existing) coproducts of copies of $V$. For many choices of $\mathcal{A}$, we show that these latter examples exhaust all the possibilities. We then show that, when $\mathcal{A}$ has an epi-generator, the (semi-)special preenveloping torsion classes $\mathcal{T}$ given by (quasi-)tilting objects are exactly those for which any object $T\in\mathcal{T}$ is the epimorphic image of some object in $_{}^{\perp_1}\mathcal{T}$ (and the subcategory $\mathcal{B}:=\text{Sub}(\mathcal{T})$ of subobjects of objects in $\mathcal{T}$ is reflective) and they are, in turn, the right constituents of complete cotorsion pairs in $\mathcal{A}$ (resp., $\mathcal{B}$). In a final section, we apply the results when $\mathcal{A}=\mathrm{mod}\text{-}R$ is the category of finitely presented modules over a right coherent ring $R$, something that gives new results and raises new questions even at the level of classical tilting theory in categories of modules., Comment: New example 5.3 added and minor corrections

Any Thomason filtration of a commutative ring yields (at least) two t-structures in the derived category of the ring, one of which is compactly generated [Hrb20,HHZ21]. We study the hearts of these two t-structures and prove that they coincide in case of a weakly bounded below filtration. Prompted by [SS20], in which it is proved that the heart of a compactly generated t-structure in a triangulated category with coproduct is a locally finitely presented Grothendieck category, we study the local coherence of the hearts associated with a weakly bounded below Thomason filtration, achieving a useful recursive characterisation in case of a finite length filtration. Low length cases involve hereditary torsion classes of finite type of the ring, and even their Happel-Reiten-Smalo hearts; in these cases, the relevant characterisations are given by few module-theoretic conditions., Comment: 55 pages. New subsection added (subsection 7.3)

Real-world problems such as landmine detection require multiple sources of information to reduce the uncertainty of decision-making. A novel approach to solve these problems includes distributed systems, as presented in this work based on hardware and software multi-agent systems. To achieve a high rate of landmine detection, we evaluate the performance of a trained system over the distribution of samples between training and validation sets. Additionally, a general explanation of the data set is provided, presenting the samples gathered by a cooperative multi-agent system developed for detecting improvised explosive devices. The results show that input samples affect the performance of the output decisions, and a decision-making system can be less sensitive to sensor noise with intelligent systems obtained from a diverse and suitably organised training set.

In this paper we revisit the problem of determining when the heart of a t-structure is a Grothendieck category, with special attention to the case of the Happel-Reiten-Smal{\o} (HSR) t-structure in the derived category of a Grothendieck category associated to a torsion pair in the latter. We revisit the HRS tilting process deriving from it a lot of information on the HRS t-structures which have a projective generator or an injective cogenerator, and obtain several bijections between classes of pairs $(\mathcal{A},\mathbf{t})$ consisting of an abelian category and a torsion pair in it. We use these bijections to re-prove, by different methods, a recent result of Tilting Theory and the fact that if $\mathbf{t}=(\mathcal{T},\mathcal{F})$ is a torsion pair in a Grothendieck category $\mathcal{G}$, then the heart of the associated HRS t-structure is itself a Grothendieck category if, and only if, $\mathbf{t}$ is of finite type. We survey this last problem and recent results after its solution., Comment: Minor corrections suggested by the referee

Starting with a Grothendieck category $\mathcal{G}$ and a torsion pair $\mathbf{t}=(\mathcal{T},\mathcal{F})$ in $\mathcal G$, we study the local finite presentability and local coherence of the heart $\mathcal{H}_{\mathbf{t}}$ of the associated Happel-Reiten-Smal{\o} $t$-structure in the derived category $\mathrm{Der} (\mathcal{G})$. We start by showing that, in this general setting, the torsion pair $\mathbf t$ is of finite type, if and only if it is quasi-cotilting, if and only if it is cosilting. We then proceed to study those $\mathbf t$ for which $\mathcal{H}_{\mathbf{t}}$ is locally finitely presented, obtaining a complete answer under some additional assumptions on the ground category $\mathcal{G}$, which are general enough to include all locally coherent categories, all categories of modules and several categories of quasi-coherent sheaves over schemes. The third problem that we tackle is that of local coherence. In this direction we characterize those torsion pairs $\mathbf t=(\mathcal T,\mathcal F)$ in a locally finitely presented $\mathcal G$ for which $\mathcal{H}_{\mathbf{t}}$ is locally coherent in two cases: when the tilted t-structure in $\mathcal{H}_{\mathbf{t}}$ is assumed to restrict to finitely presented objects, and when $\mathcal F$ is cogenerating. In the last part of the paper we concentrate on the case when $\mathcal G$ is a category of modules over a small preadditive category, giving several examples and obtaining very neat (new) characterizations even in this more classical setting, also underlying connections with the notion of an elementary cogenerator., Comment: 52 pages. In this version we have simplified several proofs and significantly improved the results in section 8

It is a result of Gabriel that hereditary torsion pairs in categories of modules are in bijection with certain filters of ideals of the base ring, called Gabriel filters or Gabriel topologies. A result of Jans shows that this bijection restricts to a correspondence between (Gabriel filters that are uniquely determined by) idempotent ideals and TTF triples. Over the years, these classical results have been extended in several different directions. In this paper we present a detailed and self-contained exposition of an extension of the above bijective correspondences to additive functor categories over small preadditive categories. In this context, we also show how to deduce parametrizations of hereditary torsion theories of finite type, Abelian recollements by functor categories, and centrally splitting TTFs., Comment: 36 pages