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The main objective of this study is to examine emissions from mining tailings that affect PM10 loading in an area saturated with PM10 particulate matter in Andacollo, Coquimbo Region (Chile). Emission factors (EF) are determined by applying models developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Forty-six samples are analysed from five mining tailings (all located <3 Km from populated areas) and two schools. The results show that 100% of the samples contain fine sediments (sand and lime). The majority of the tailings are acidic with low salinity and low humidity. Those with acidic pH and high electrical conductivity (EC) show bioavailability of metals such as Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn. In conclusion, emissions from abandoned and inactive tailings deposits increase the PM10 inventory, making it necessary to modify EF standards to adapt them to Chile’s characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim: The traditional endoscopic therapy of anastomotic strictures (AS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is multiple ERCPs with the insertion of an increasing number of plastic stents side‐by‐side. Fully covered self‐expanding metal stents (cSEMS) could be a valuable option to decrease the number of procedures needed or non‐responders to plastic stents. This study aims to retrospectively analyse the results of AS endoscopic treatment by cSEMS and to identify any factors associated with its success. Patients and Methods: Ninety‐one patients (mean age 55.9 ± 7.6 SD; 73 males) from nine Italian transplantation centres, had a cSEMS positioned for post‐OLT‐AS between 2007 and 2017. Forty‐nine (54%) patients were treated with cSEMS as a second‐line treatment. Results: All the procedures were successfully performed without immediate complications. After ERCP, adverse events occurred in 11% of cases (2 moderate pancreatitis and 8 cholangitis). In 49 patients (54%), cSEMSs migrated. After cSEMS removal, 46 patients (51%) needed further endoscopic (45 patients) or radiological (1 patient) treatments to solve the AS. Lastly, seven patients underwent surgery. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression showed that cSEMS migration was the only factor associated with further treatments (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.6; p value 0.03); cSEMS implantation before 12 months from OLT was associated with stent migration (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7–16.0; p value 0.004). Conclusions: cSEMS appears to be a safe tool to treat AS. cSEMS migration is the main limitation to its routinary implantation and needs to be prevented, probably with the use of new generation anti‐migration stents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]