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Surendra Kumar Sharma,1 A Panneerselvam,2 KP Singh,3 Girish Parmar,4 Pradeep Gadge,5 Onkar C Swami6 1Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrine Centre, Galaxy Speciality Centre, Jaipur, 2Aruna Diabetes Centre, Chennai, 3Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Phase VIII, Mohali, 4Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 5Dr Gadge’s Diabetes Care Centre, Mumbai, 6Unichem Laboratories Ltd, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai, India Abstract: Teneligliptin is a recently developed oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults along with diet and exercise. Teneligliptin has been recently available in Japan (Teneria®), Argentina (Teneglucon®), and India (Tenepure; Teneza) at relatively affordable price. This is a positive step toward the management of T2DM in developing countries, where the cost of medicine is out-of-pocket expenditure and is a limiting factor for health care. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin in the management of T2DM. Teneligliptin has been systematically evaluated in T2DM as monotherapy with diet and exercise and in combination with metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone, and insulin in short-term (12 weeks) and long-term (52 weeks) studies. These studies have reported a reduction in HbA1c of 0.8%–0.9% within 12 weeks of therapy. Two 52-week studies reported sustained improvement in glycemic control with teneligliptin. Teneligliptin has been found to be well tolerated, and the safety profile is similar to other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors. Hypoglycemia and constipation are the main adverse events. Teneligliptin can be administered safely to patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease without dose adjustment. Similarly, it can be used in patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment. Teneligliptin is effective and well tolerated and may have an important role in the management of T2DM. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, newer DPP-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, India

Gianfranco Baronzio,1 Gurdev Parmar,2 Irina ZH Shubina,3 Valter Cassutti,1 Sergio Giuli,1 Marco Ballerini,1 Mikhail Kiselevsky3 1Centro Medico Demetra: Hyperthermia and Immunity Center, Terni, Italy; 2Integrated Health Clinic, Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada; 3Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: This overview provides an analysis of some of the immunotherapies currently in use and under investigation, with a special focus on the tumor microenvironment, which we believe is a major factor responsible for the general failure of immunotherapy to date. It is our expectation that combining immunotherapy with methods of altering the tumor microenvironment and targeting regulatory T cells and myeloid cells will yield favorable results. Keywords: tumor microenvironment, tumor immunity, immunosuppression, CTLA-4, PD-1, exosomes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Tregs

A modified technique to design directional wideband circular ring antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) approach has been presented for radar systems. The square slot is introduced into ground plane and location of slot is optimized symmetrically below the circular ring patch to achieve wide impedance bandwidth with maximum return loss. Further, to improve directivity and gain, reflector is situated below the designed antenna. Proposed structure generates two resonant frequencies of 10.3 GHz and 13.7 GHz due to combined effect of circular ring and square-shaped slot. Designed antenna achieves wide impedance bandwidth about 40% below -10 dB return loss in frequency band of 9.7×14.5 GHz. Measured half power beam width (HPBW) and gain are 35×26 degrees and 4×10.7 dB, respectively. HPBW and gain of the proposed antenna improves by a factor of 10×15 degrees and 2×3 dB, respectively compared with previously designed antennas. Experimental outcomes show good conformity with simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of Grey Wolf Optimization and Pattern Search Technique (hGWO-PS) has been introduced to optimize the parameters of two Degree of Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (2DOF-PID) for controlling the load frequency in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for interconnected power system. The interconnected two area power system of non-reheat thermal power plants consisting of 2DOF-PID controller in each area has been considered for design and analysis. Firstly, the proposed approach has been implemented in the aforementioned standard test system and thereafter, the robustness of the system consisting 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed technique has been estimated using the sensitivity analysis for the same. The robustness of the system consisting of 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed scheme is examined by varying the parameters of standard test system, loading conditions during operation, size and location of the disturbances. The performance of the 2DOF-PID controller optimized by proposed approach has also been compared with recently published approaches in the literature. The simulation results show that the proposed hGWOPS optimized 2DOF-PID controller shows far better performance than recently published approaches in the literature in terms of dynamic response. The simulation results also show that system performances hardly change when the operating load condition and system parameters are changed by ±50% from their nominal values, i.e. the proposed controllers are quite robust for a wide range of the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]