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Galena deposits at Frongoch, near Aberystwyth in Wales, occurred in faults or fractures in shales, flags and mudstones, with the galena-bearing part of the lode no more than 24 ft wide. Blende and quartz occurred with the galena, making the lode hard and difficult to work by hand-drilling methods. The ore required crushing and dressing to separate the valuable constituents. Lead was mined in the late 18th century and the ores shipped to South Wales, Deeside or Bristol. By 1834 lead prices had sunk to less than half their 1825 value and the mine ceased to be profitable. Prices then picked up and Frongoch became the biggest producer of all Lord Lisburne's mines. By the late 1870s Frongoch was past its best and the market never recovered. The mine was able to continue for over 20 years, however, due to huge reserves of blende which had been left standing in the workings. In 1898 a Belgian firm invested in the mine and installed modern hydro-electric and steam generating plant, but in 1904 all the equipment was sold. Mining at Frongoch ceased, with the huge dumps being removed for treatment in the 1920s., Galena deposits at Frongoch, near Aberystwyth in Wales, occurred in faults or fractures in shales, flags and mudstones, with the galena-bearing part of the lode no more than 24 ft wide. Blende and quartz occurred with the galena, making the lode hard and difficult to work by hand-drilling methods. The ore required crushing and dressing to separate the valuable constituents. Lead was mined in the late 18th century and the ores shipped to South Wales, Deeside or Bristol. By 1834 lead prices had sunk to less than half their 1825 value and the mine ceased to be profitable. Prices then picked up and Frongoch became the biggest producer of all Lord Lisburne's mines. By the late 1870s Frongoch was past its best and the market never recovered. The mine was able to continue for over 20 years, however, due to huge reserves of blende which had been left standing in the workings. In 1898 a Belgian firm invested in the mine and installed modern hydro-electric and steam generating plant, but in 1904 all the equipment was sold. Mining at Frongoch ceased, with the huge dumps being removed for treatment in the 1920s.

Since 1988, the annual tonnage of ferrous wastes disposed of to landfill by British Steel Sections, Plates and Commercial Steels has been reduced from 429 000 tonnes to 141 000 t. This has been achieved by a combination of recycling materials within existing processes, hydrocyclone pre-treatment of waste and sales outside the industry. Techniques identified for further reduction of the more difficult wastes include injection of 20 000 t/a of oily sludge or dust into the blast furnace and pre-treatment of dust and sludges at a purpose-built facility prior to recycling within an existing process; a further 20 400 t/a of wet slurry could be recovered by hydrocyclones and a total of 75 000 t/a of wet material could be recycled through the ore blending and sintering plant after blending and conditioning., Since 1988, the annual tonnage of ferrous wastes disposed of to landfill by British Steel Sections, Plates and Commercial Steels has been reduced from 429 000 tonnes to 141 000 t. This has been achieved by a combination of recycling materials within existing processes, hydrocyclone pre-treatment of waste and sales outside the industry. Techniques identified for further reduction of the more difficult wastes include injection of 20 000 t/a of oily sludge or dust into the blast furnace and pre-treatment of dust and sludges at a purpose-built facility prior to recycling within an existing process; a further 20 400 t/a of wet slurry could be recovered by hydrocyclones and a total of 75 000 t/a of wet material could be recycled through the ore blending and sintering plant after blending and conditioning.