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Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between heart failure knowledge, self‐efficacy, social support, grit and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure and to identify factors associated with patients' self‐care behaviour. Background: Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines. Design: This descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. Methods: This study included 138 patients who were diagnosed with heart failure in an outpatient department of cardiology at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected between July and October 2020 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Results: Grit had the strongest association with self‐care behaviour among patients with heart failure, followed by social support, self‐efficacy and heart failure knowledge. These variables accounted for approximately 52% of the variance in self‐care behaviour. Conclusions: Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. Based on the social cognitive theory, nursing intervention programmes that can simultaneously manage cognitive (knowledge and self‐efficacy), social and environmental (social support) and behavioural support (grit) factors should be developed and applied to nursing practices to promote self‐care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines.Social cognitive theory is conceptualized as cognitive, social, environmental and behavioural in nature.Self‐care behaviour can be influenced by multi‐dimensional factors, including cognitive factors, such as knowledge and self‐efficacy, and social and environmental factors, such as social support. What this paper adds? Grit—a behavioural supporting element—was confirmed as a factor influencing the self‐care behaviour of patients with heart failure. The implications of this paper: Interventions for enhancing patients' grit should be developed; self‐efficacy, social support and heart failure knowledge for patients with heart failure should be considered in clinical nursing settings.Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants in Korea face numerous difficulties in seeking medical services due to language and cultural differences. Providing medical services to them could be beyond the institutional capacity of the host country owing to factors such as, physical and psychological problems, social unrest, language barriers, and problems adapting to unfamiliar environments. According to Andersen's health service use behavioral model, we used a multifaceted approach to explore the factors influencing the unmet healthcare needs of immigrants in Korea from the Korean health system. This cross-sectional secondary analysis study used data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey of 3524 immigrants. Their unmet healthcare needs were calculated using a complex, weighted sample design. Group differences in categorical variables were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between unmet healthcare needs and ageing factors. Overall, 262 (7.4%) of surveyed immigrants experienced unmet healthcare needs. Factors influencing unmet healthcare needs were being a woman (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.03-1.94), national primary livelihood security receiver (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.29-1.68), stress (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.26-1.45), perceived health status (poor: OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.58-3.52), and perceived health status (moderate: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18-2.20). Policymakers could focus on these predictors when formulating policy strategies to reduce unmet health care needs. In addition, by effectively delivering services that meet the unmet healthcare needs of immigrants, their right to health is protected.