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Toxicity caused by deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin (FB) produced by Fusarium species, naturally occur in food and feed, can lead to repress appetite and growth inhibition in pigs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the mycotoxin exposure with different concentrations in liver, ileum, and rectum tissues of piglets. Animals fed binary mixtures of mycotoxins followed by 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg feed for 30 d. The castrated pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire) were housed one per separated pen. The tissue samples were collected for nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Additionally, biochemistry and histology were determined. Final body weight (BW) showed significant differences between the control and nine differently treated groups. In the blood biochemical analysis, the absorption of mycotoxins was significantly increased blood urea nitrogen levels. However, decreasing lipase concentrations showed in binary mixture groups. Metabolomic profiles of liver tissue were more clearly separated based on orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis than ileum and rectum tissues. The liver (Met, Pro, Lys, and Cys), ileum (Thr, Gly, Pro and Asp), and rectum (Met, Thr, and Pro) metabolic profile revealed the potential metabolites for mycotoxin exposure, respectively. Particularly, decreasing proline concentrations at high dose (3 mg/ kg) showed in liver. Whereas, two organs observed an inverse trend. In the histological analysis, Group 9 (DON 3 plus FB1 3 mg/kg) might aggravate the fibrosis in liver tissue using Masson’s trichrome stains. Contaminated with acute doses showed no dramatical changes ileum and rectum tissue. Taken together, our results indicated that low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of mycotoxin did not result in significant differences. However, high dose (3 mg/kg) of mycotoxin induced significantly toxicity causing physiological changes. In conclusion, these results suggest that the toxicity of acute exposure to binary mixture cannot be ignored in piglets, because of their effects on the liver, ileum, and rectum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthetic progestin altrenogest (ALT) is used to synchronize the estrus cycle of swine for fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) and has been shown to improve follicular development and reproductive performances in post-weaning sows. However, the effects of ALT treatment on reproductive tracts, including the ovaries, oviducts and uterus have not been yet clarified. In this study, we examined the expression of genes involved in endometrial responses in ALT-treated sows. ALT did not significantly alter luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol profiles in blood compared to untreated control. Quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding galectin-3 (LGALS3) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was upregulated in the reproductive tracts of ALT-treated sows, including the ovaries, oviducts and uteri. Moreover, ALT treatment induced the expression of FGF9 and galectin-3 proteins, and promoted their localization to the luminal epithelium of the oviducts and uterus. Our findings suggest that the enhancement of reproductive performance shown by ALT-treated sows is associated with the upregulation of galectin-3 and FGF9, which are essential for endometrial receptivity, successful implantation, and pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Park, S.J.; Seo, H.J.; Park, S.M., and Park, S.H., 2023. Establishment of a risk assessment system for coastal activities based on statistical data. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 458-462. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal management begins with risk control, which is a collection of methods for evaluating the potential for harm and taking action to reduce or eliminate risk. Four methods of risk control are commonly employed: transferring, taking, avoiding, and reducing risk. These methods can be adjusted based on continuous monitoring. Risk assessment is the most commonly used method employed for the selection of risk-control measures. In this study, a risk-assessment-based information-provision method was proposed as a control measure for the risks that pose a threat to the safety of coastal users. The proposed risk-assessment method complements the current qualitative and subjective risk- assessment methods used by the Korea Coast Guard. A risk-assessment index and evaluation method were established to assess the risk grade of coastal activity areas managed by the Korean Coast Guard. This method was applied to 40 representative hazardous areas designated and managed by each regional office. By applying the established risk-assessment system, 11 sites were classified as grade 2, 25 as grade 3, 3 as grade 4, and 1 as grade 5. The risk grade of hazardous areas under the jurisdiction of the Korea Coast Guard Region-Central, which has a high rate of accidents and fatalities, was rated higher than that of other regional offices. The risk grade of each regional office, except for the central office, was rated between grades 2 and 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of exposure to flutriafol based on residues in pigs. Pigs were exposed to different concentrations (0.313, 0.625, 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg bw/d, n=20) for 4 wk in different treatment groups. Serum biochemical analysis, residue levels, and histological analysis were conducted using the VetTest chemistry analyzer, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. The body weight (initial and final) was not significantly different between groups. Parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and lipase levels were significantly different as compared to the control group. Flutriafol increased the residue limits in individual tissue of the pigs in a dose dependent manner. Flutriafol exposures indicated the presence of fibrosis, as confirmed from Masson's trichrome staining. These results suggest that flutriafol affects the morphology and serum levels in pigs. The dietary flutriafol levels can provide a basis for maximum residue limits and food safety for pork and related products., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (© Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.)