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Background/Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome of functional yogurt NY-YP901 (Namyang Dairy Product Co. Ltd and Nutra R&BT Inc., Seoul, Korea) supplemented with mixture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and extra-ingredients containing Bifidobacterium breve (CBG-C2), Enterococcus faecalis FK-23, fibersol-2 and so on. Subjects/Methods: This study was designed as an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Treatment and control groups consumed a functional yogurt NY-YP901 (150 ml) and a placebo yogurt twice a day, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting glucose with HbA1C and waist circumference were measured before and after treatment. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals between the ages 20-65 years old who submitted an informed consent. Results: During the period August 2009 to December 2009, 101 healthy participants (31 males and 70 females) finished the study. Treatment group were 53 individuals, and the control group were 48 individuals. In the treatment group consuming NY-YP901, statistically significant beneficial changes were observed in body weight (treatment group vs control group-0.24 [+ or -] 1.50 vs + 0.64 [+ or -] 1.39 kg, P Conclusions: The functional yogurt NY-YP901 reduced LDL-cholesterol, body weight and BMI in the subjects at a 300-ml consumption daily for 8 weeks. From these findings, regular intake of functional yogurt NY-YP901 may be consequently related to improve metabolic syndrome. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2011) 65, 1250-1255; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.115; published online 22 June 2011 Keywords: metabolic syndrome; functional yogurt NY-YP901; LDL-cholestrol; BMI, Introduction Recent concerns about metabolic syndrome are increased because many studies identified metabolic syndrome as a multiplex risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is deserving of more clinical attention. The [...]

The transport of hazardous materials in truck cargo tanks can cause severe environmental damage as a result of the tank's failure during a collision. Impact due to collision involves the transient dynamic response of the tank, fluid and their interaction. This paper develops a design oriented computational approach to predict the dynamic transient response of the tank shell structure subjected to impact loads during crash accidents. In order to compute the fluid and structural interaction, the finite element formulations for the added mass to the structure are developed and integrated with DYNA3D, a nonlinear dynamic structural finite element code, and they are validated by pendulum impact experiment. This paper presents the lumping process required by the added mass approach for cargo tanks under impact conditions. Thus, due to its efficiency the computer based approach provides a design tool for fluid filled thin walled structures in general and cargo tanks subjected to an impact situation. The structural performance of cargo tank shell construction is investigated. This research will contribute to improvement in design, modeling, and analysis techniques for crashworthiness and integrity of liquid mechanical structure systems which are subjected to impulsive loads like those found in vehicle collisions.

In an attempt to achieve finer grain which will improve coercivity in [Sm.sub.2][Fe.sub.17][N.sub.x]-type material, HDDR of [Sm.sub.2][Fe.sub.17]-type alloy was done twice before nitrogenation. It has been found that the nitride prepared from this type of HDDR-treated material exhibited a remarkably higher coercivity (around 19 kOe) compared to that from single HDDR-treated material (around 12 kOe). An explanation of the remarkably enhanced coercivity was given with reference to the recombination in more complete form and finer grain size in the material which was processed twice with HDDR. Index Terms -- [Sm.sub.2][Fe.sub.17][N.sub.x]-type nitride, HDDR,

Background/Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome of functional yogurt NY-YP901 (Namyang Dairy Product Co. Ltd and Nutra R&BT Inc., Seoul, Korea) supplemented with [...]

This study quantifies the seasonality and geographic variability of global pollutant inflow to Asia. Asia is often looked to as a major source of intercontinental air pollution transport with rising emissions and efficient pollutant export processes. However, the degree to which foreign emissions have been imported to Asia has not been thoroughly examined. The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) is an international collaboration to study air pollution transport and chemistry in Asia. Using the global atmospheric chemistry Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART v. 2.4), and comparing results with a suite of regional models participating in MICS-Asia, we find that imported O3 contributes significantly throughout Asia. The choice of upper boundary condition is found to be particularly important for O3, even for surface concentrations. Both North America and Europe contribute to ground-level O3 concentrations throughout the region, though the seasonality of these two sources varies. North American contributions peak at over 10% of monthly mean O3 during winter months in East Asia, compared to Europe''s spring- and autumn-maxima (5–8%). In comparison to observed data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), MOZART concentrations for O3 generally fall within the range of the MICS models, but MOZART is unable to capture the fine spatial variability of shorter-lived species as well as the regional models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper focuses on the comparison of chemical deposition of eight regional chemical models used in Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) II. Monthly-mean depositions of chemical species simulated by these models, including dry deposition of SO2, HNO3, NH3, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium and wet deposition of SO4 2−, NO3 − and NH4 +, have been provided for four periods (March, July, December 2001 and March 2002) in this work. Observations at 37 sites of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) are compared with SO4 2−, NO3 − and NH4 + wet deposition model results. Significant correlations appeared between the observation and computed ensemble mean of participant models. Also, differences among modeled sulfur and nitrogen dry depositions have been studied at the EANET sites. Based on the analysis of acid deposition for various species from different models, total depositions of sulfur (SO2 and sulfate) and nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) have been evaluated as the ensemble mean of the eight models. In general, all models capture the observed spatial distribution of sulfur and nitrogen deposition, although the absolute values may differ from measurements. High deposition often occurs in eastern China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines and other parts of Southeast Asia. The magnitude of model bias is quite large for many of the models. In examining the reasons for model–measurement disagreement, we find that differences in chemical processes, deposition parameterization, and modeled precipitation are the main reasons for large model disparities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Eight chemical transport models participate in a model intercomparison study for East Asia, MICS-Asia II. This paper analyzes calculated results for particulate matter of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium through comparisons with each other and with monthly measurements at EANET (the acid deposition monitoring network in East Asia) and daily measurements at Fukue, Japan. To the EANET measurements, model ensemble means better agree with model individual results for sulfate and total ammonium, although total nitrate is consistently and considerably underestimated. To measurements at Fukue, the models show better agreement than for the EANET measurements. This is likely because Fukue is centered in many of the model domains, whereas the EANET stations are mostly in Southeast Asia and Russia. Moreover, it would be important that Fukue is in Northeast Asia, where the emission inventory is more reliable than Southeast Asia. The model–model comparisons are made in view of the total amount in the atmosphere, vertical profile, coefficient of variation in surface concentrations, and transformation changes with distance. All the models show reasonable tendencies in vertical profiles and composition ratios. However, total amounts in the atmosphere are discrepant among the models. The consistency of the total amount in the atmosphere would influence source–receptor analysis. It seems that model results would be consistent, if the models take into account the primitive processes like emission, advection/diffusion, chemical transformation and dry/wet deposition, no matter the processes are modeled simply or comprehensively. Through the comparison study, we learned that it would be difficult to find any problems from one comparison (model-observation comparison with one data or many but at one station or in a short period). Modelers tend to examine model performances only from model-observation comparisons. However, taking budget in a certain or whole model domain would be important, before the models are applied to source–receptor analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]