239 results on '"Park, Morgan"'
Search Results
2. Characterizing a complex CT-rich haplotype in intron 4 of SNCA using large-scale targeted amplicon long-read sequencing
- Author
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Alvarez Jerez, Pilar, Daida, Kensuke, Grenn, Francis P., Malik, Laksh, Miano-Burkhardt, Abigail, Makarious, Mary B., Ding, Jinhui, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Moore, Anni, Reed, Xylena, Nalls, Mike A., Shah, Syed, Mahmoud, Medhat, Sedlazeck, Fritz J., Dolzhenko, Egor, Park, Morgan, Iwaki, Hirotaka, Casey, Bradford, Ryten, Mina, Blauwendraat, Cornelis, Singleton, Andrew B., and Billingsley, Kimberley J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Existence is a Location: 'The Others' in the Form of Conceptual Metaphor
- Author
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Park Morgan Mok-Won
- Subjects
otherness ,conceptual metaphor ,multimodal metaphor ,precarious existence ,housing instability ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
The need for a safe, stable, and suitable place of residence is fundamental for human beings. Nevertheless, having such a place, particularly in a city, remains unattainable for too many people. This study aims to examine how “the others” are metaphorically represented in contemporary South Korean films that portray city dwellers struggling to find a place of residence in urban areas and fighting for their existence. The multimodal analysis of conceptual metaphors enabled us to comprehend how the metaphor of EXISTENCE IS A LOCATION emphasized the significance of physical space for one’s being. Furthermore, the vertical movements in visual representations, such as GOOD IS UP, BAD IS DOWN, connect to more abstract meanings of precarious existence, social hierarchy, and otherness.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Expanded microbiome niches of RAG-deficient patients
- Author
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Thomas, Jim, Mullikin, James, Young, Alice, Bouffard, Gerry, Barnabas, Betty, Brooks, Shelise, Buchter, Chloe, Crawford, Juyun, Han, Joel, Ho, Shi-ling, Legaspi, Richelle, Maduro, Quino, Marfani, Holly, Montemayor, Casandra, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Black, Sean, Dekhtyar, Mila, Masiello, Cathy, McDowell, Jenny, Park, Morgan, Thomas, Pam, Vemulapalli, Meg, Blaustein, Ryan A., Shen, Zeyang, Kashaf, Sara Saheb, Lee-Lin, ShihQueen, Conlan, Sean, Bosticardo, Marita, Delmonte, Ottavia M., Holmes, Cassandra J., Taylor, Monica E., Banania, Glenna, Nagao, Keisuke, Dimitrova, Dimana, Kanakry, Jennifer A., Su, Helen, Holland, Steven M., Bergerson, Jenna R.E., Freeman, Alexandra F., Notarangelo, Luigi D., Kong, Heidi H., and Segre, Julia A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ser una wianbu en la Corea del Sur de la posguerra
- Author
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PARK, MORGAN MOK-WON
- Published
- 2021
6. The Top 100.
- Author
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SAVAGE, PHIL, Ridley, Jacob, Randall, Harvey, Tucker, Jake, Fenlon, Wes, Litchfield, Ted, Gould, Elie, Morton, Lauren, Valentine, Robin, Stanton, Rich, Macgregor, Jody, Wolens, Joshua, Martin, Sean, and Park, Morgan
- Subjects
ROLEPLAYING games ,ADVENTURE games ,AIRCRAFT carrier flight decks ,MULTIPLAYER games ,DUNGEONS & Dragons (Game) ,ITCHING - Abstract
This article from PC Gamer provides a list of the top 100 PC games, compiled by the magazine's editors, writers, and staff. The list includes a diverse range of games from different genres and time periods, catering to different preferences and interests. Each game is accompanied by a brief comment from a different individual, highlighting various aspects of the game such as gameplay mechanics, storytelling, atmosphere, and personal experiences. The comments reflect the diverse perspectives and preferences of the individuals, offering readers insights into the unique qualities and appeal of each game. The article aims to celebrate the vibrancy and creativity of the gaming medium. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
7. SPLITGATE 2.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
MAP design ,CREATIVE directors ,ARTISTIC style ,ACTING education ,FORTNITE (Video game) - Abstract
Splitgate 2 is the highly anticipated sequel to the popular FPS game Splitgate. The game's creators, 1047 Games, faced challenges after the initial success of Splitgate, but they decided to create a sequel instead of continuing updates for the first game. Splitgate 2 will feature upgraded graphics and gameplay mechanics, including three classes with unique abilities and customizable weapons. The game will also introduce new map designs that provide more structure and readability. Additionally, Splitgate 2 will offer a unique game mode called Hot Zone, which combines elements of King of the Hill with respawning mechanics. The developers plan to regularly introduce new game modes and playlists to keep the gameplay fresh and engaging. Overall, Splitgate 2 aims to prioritize gunplay and positioning while still incorporating powerful abilities. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
8. FAR FAR AWAY.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
REPUTATION ,OUTLAWS ,PLAINS ,GAMES ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
The article is a review of the video game Star Wars Outlaws. The reviewer discusses the game's strengths and weaknesses, highlighting the immersive side activities, such as the Sabacc minigame and the interactive cutscenes during food interactions. They also praise the game's stealth mechanics and unique upgrade system. However, they criticize the main story for being lackluster and the platforming sequences for being uninteresting. Overall, the reviewer finds the game enjoyable, particularly for those who want to roleplay as a scoundrel in the Star Wars universe. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
9. SPECTRE DIVIDE.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
CORPORATE sponsorship ,ASSAULT rifles ,MACHINE guns ,RISK-taking behavior ,PROBLEM solving - Abstract
Spectre Divide is a new tactical shooter game developed by Mountaintop Studios. It aims to offer a fresh take on the Counter-Strike formula by introducing new mechanics such as the ability to control two bodies and aim-down-sights shooting. The game features 3v3 matches and emphasizes skill-based gameplay over over-the-top abilities. Spectre Divide has garnered positive feedback from players who appreciate its accessible shooting mechanics and unique gameplay elements. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. Whole-genome sequencing identifies a recurrent functional synonymous mutation in melanoma
- Author
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Gartner, Jared J, Parker, Stephen CJ, Prickett, Todd D, Dutton-Regester, Ken, Stitzel, Michael L, Lin, Jimmy C, Davis, Sean, Simhadri, Vijaya L, Jha, Sujata, Katagiri, Nobuko, Gotea, Valer, Teer, Jamie K, Wei, Xiaomu, Morken, Mario A, Bhanot, Umesh K, Chen, Guo, Elnitski, Laura L, Davies, Michael A, Gershenwald, Jeffrey E, Carter, Hannah, Karchin, Rachel, Robinson, William, Robinson, Steven, Rosenberg, Steven A, Collins, Francis S, Parmigiani, Giovanni, Komar, Anton A, Kimchi-Sarfaty, Chava, Hayward, Nicholas K, Margulies, Elliott H, Samuels, Yardena, Becker, Jesse, Benjamin, Betty, Blakesley, Robert, Bouffard, Gerry, Brooks, Shelise, Coleman, Holly, Dekhtyar, Mila, Gregory, Michael, Guan, Xiaobin, Gupta, Jyoti, Han, Joel, Hargrove, April, Ho, Shi-ling, Johnson, Taccara, Legaspi, Richelle, Lovett, Sean, Maduro, Quino, Masiello, Cathy, Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jenny, Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James, Park, Morgan, Riebow, Nancy, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Thomas, James, Thomas, Pam, Vemulapalli, Meg, and Young, Alice
- Subjects
Biotechnology ,Human Genome ,Genetics ,Cancer ,Prevention ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Generic health relevance ,Apoptosis ,Base Sequence ,Blotting ,Western ,DNA Primers ,Exome ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Genetic Vectors ,Genome ,Human ,HEK293 Cells ,Humans ,Immunoprecipitation ,Lentivirus ,Melanoma ,MicroRNAs ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Muscle Proteins ,Mutation ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,RNA ,Small Interfering ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sequence Analysis ,DNA ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,NISC Comparative Sequencing Program - Abstract
Synonymous mutations, which do not alter the protein sequence, have been shown to affect protein function [Sauna ZE, Kimchi-Sarfaty C (2011) Nat Rev Genet 12(10):683-691]. However, synonymous mutations are rarely investigated in the cancer genomics field. We used whole-genome and -exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in 29 melanoma samples. Validation of one synonymous somatic mutation in BCL2L12 in 285 samples identified 12 cases that harbored the recurrent F17F mutation. This mutation led to increased BCL2L12 mRNA and protein levels because of differential targeting of WT and mutant BCL2L12 by hsa-miR-671-5p. Protein made from mutant BCL2L12 transcript bound p53, inhibited UV-induced apoptosis more efficiently than WT BCL2L12, and reduced endogenous p53 target gene transcription. This report shows selection of a recurrent somatic synonymous mutation in cancer. Our data indicate that silent alterations have a role to play in human cancer, emphasizing the importance of their investigation in future cancer genome studies.
- Published
- 2013
11. BREAKING POINT.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
ASSAULT rifles ,URBAN warfare - Abstract
The article provides a critical review of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, stating that the game feels rushed and lacks originality. The author criticizes the lack of new maps and the reliance on remakes from the previous game. They also mention the lack of variety and personality in the game's weapons. However, the author does acknowledge some positive aspects, such as attention to detail in map design and unique gun attachments. The article concludes that Modern Warfare 3 is a disappointing installment in the series, with a campaign that feels thrown together and lacking showmanship. The Open Combat missions are enjoyable but feel like filler, while the standout feature is the Zombies mode developed by Treyarch, which offers a unique take on the mode with a sandbox approach. Overall, the article suggests that Modern Warfare 3 is not essential and can be skipped. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. "Divorcio": la autobiografía de Na Hye-seok.
- Author
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MOK-WON PARK, MORGAN
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Existence is a Location: “The Others” in the Form of Conceptual Metaphor.
- Author
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Mok-Won, Park Morgan
- Subjects
CITY dwellers ,KOREAN films ,SOCIAL hierarchies ,CITIES & towns ,HOUSING stability - Abstract
The need for a safe, stable, and suitable place of residence is fundamental for human beings. Nevertheless, having such a place, particularly in a city, remains unattainable for too many people. This study aims to examine how “the others” are metaphorically represented in contemporary South Korean films that portray city dwellers struggling to find a place of residence in urban areas and fighting for their existence. The multimodal analysis of conceptual metaphors enabled us to comprehend how the metaphor of EXISTENCE IS A LOCATION emphasized the significance of physical space for one’s being. Furthermore, the vertical movements in visual representations, such as GOOD IS UP, BAD IS DOWN, connect to more abstract meanings of precarious existence, social hierarchy, and otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. SILENT BUT DEADLY.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
FREEDOM of movement ,PARKOUR ,OPTICAL illusions ,ZIP lines ,HAY ,COLLECTIBLES - Abstract
Assassin's Creed Mirage is a standalone game that serves as a throwback to the stealthier days of the Assassin's Creed series. Developed by Ubisoft Bordeaux and published by Ubisoft, Mirage offers a dense and beautiful city setting with rooftops, ziplines, and hay carts. The game focuses on stealth, freedom of movement, and stylish kills, but is hindered by some inherited issues from recent Assassin's Creed RPGs. The protagonist, Basim Ibn Ishaq, hunts the Order of the Ancients in 9th century Baghdad, and the game incorporates social stealth, multiple routes, and various tools for sneaking and assassinating targets. While the combat and parkour mechanics have some flaws, the depiction of Baghdad and the detailed History of Baghdad codex are impressive. Mirage offers a focused adventure with a playtime of around 20-25 hours, but some players may miss the additional activities and collectibles found in previous Assassin's Creed games. Overall, Assassin's Creed Mirage is a good stealth game and a step in the right direction for the series. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
15. CALL OF DUTY: MODERN WARFARE 3.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
MILITARY science ,SOUND design - Abstract
The article discusses the upcoming release of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 (MW3) and its focus on nostalgia for the original Modern Warfare 2 game. The game is being developed by Sledgehammer Games, a studio that has previously worked on other Call of Duty titles. MW3 will feature remakes of MW2 maps and will have adjustments to movement and recoil. The article also mentions the sound design and gun customization options in the game. Overall, the author expresses both excitement and some reservations about the game. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
16. SILENT BUT DEADLY.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
VIDEO games ,ASSASSINATION - Abstract
The article reviews the video game "Assassin's Creed Mirage" developed by Ubisoft Bordeaux.
- Published
- 2023
17. CALL OF DUTY: MODERN WARFARE 3.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
CALL of Duty (Game) - Abstract
The article reviews the video game "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare" developed by Sledgehammer Games which releases on November 10.
- Published
- 2023
18. SIX DAYS IN FALLUJAH.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
VIDEO games ,DIGITAL technology ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Published
- 2023
19. Othering New Women: A Multimodal Approach to The Hymn of Death.
- Author
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Park Morgan Mok-Won
- Subjects
OTHER (Philosophy) ,HYMNS ,YOUNG women ,KOREAN language - Abstract
This paper takes a multimodal approach to analyze both linguistic and non-linguistic resources represented in a Korean program, The Hymn of Death (2018), with an aim to discover how a multimodal discourse reshapes the way we perceive our society, especially women. The backdrop of this series is set in the 1920s in Korea. This period represents a transition toward modernity in which women were given the opportunity to study and work. This small group of young women were called 'new women.' With male-centered thumbnails and descriptions which are interlaced together in each episode, The Hymn of Death exhibits the patriarchal culture at the time when a new woman remains absent or invisible as an other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Roving methyltransferases generate a mosaic epigenetic landscape and influence evolution in Bacteroides fragilis group.
- Author
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Tisza, Michael J., Smith, Derek D. N., Clark, Andrew E., Youn, Jung-Ho, Barnabas, Beatrice B., Black, Sean, Bouffard, Gerard G., Brooks, Shelise Y., Crawford, Juyun, Marfani, Holly, Dekhtyar, Lyudmila, Han, Joel, Ho, Shi-Ling, Legaspi, Richelle, Maduro, Quino L., Masiello, Catherine A., McDowell, Jennifer C., Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James C., and Park, Morgan
- Subjects
BACTEROIDES fragilis ,METHYLTRANSFERASES ,BACTERIAL genomes ,ANAEROBIC infections ,EPIGENETICS ,EPIGENOMICS ,CATECHOL-O-methyltransferase ,DNA methyltransferases - Abstract
Three types of DNA methyl modifications have been detected in bacterial genomes, and mechanistic studies have demonstrated roles for DNA methylation in physiological functions ranging from phage defense to transcriptional control of virulence and host-pathogen interactions. Despite the ubiquity of methyltransferases and the immense variety of possible methylation patterns, epigenomic diversity remains unexplored for most bacterial species. Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) reside in the human gastrointestinal tract as key players in symbiotic communities but also can establish anaerobic infections that are increasingly multi-drug resistant. In this work, we utilize long-read sequencing technologies to perform pangenomic (n = 383) and panepigenomic (n = 268) analysis of clinical BFG isolates cultured from infections seen at the NIH Clinical Center over four decades. Our analysis reveals that single BFG species harbor hundreds of DNA methylation motifs, with most individual motif combinations occurring uniquely in single isolates, implying immense unsampled methylation diversity within BFG epigenomes. Mining of BFG genomes identified more than 6000 methyltransferase genes, approximately 1000 of which were associated with intact prophages. Network analysis revealed substantial gene flow among disparate phage genomes, implying a role for genetic exchange between BFG phages as one of the ultimate sources driving BFG epigenome diversity. Here, Tisza, Dekker, and colleagues perform large scale analysis of genome methylation in the gut commensal and pathogen, Bacteroides fragilis group, revealing immense methyl motif diversity and evidence of widespread methyltransferase exchange among phages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. KESTIS RUN.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Published
- 2023
22. Othering New Women: A Multimodal Approach to The Hymn of Death
- Author
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Park, Morgan Mok-Won and Park, Morgan Mok-Won
- Abstract
This paper takes a multimodal approach to analyze both linguistic and non-linguistic resources represented in a Korean program, The Hymn of Death (2018), with an aim to discover how a multimodal discourse reshapes the way we perceive our society, especially women. The backdrop of this series is set in the 1920s in Korea. This period represents a transition toward modernity in which women were given the opportunity to study and work. This small group of young women were called 'new women.' With male-centered thumbnails and descriptions which are interlaced together in each episode, The Hymn of Death exhibits the patriarchal culture at the time when a new woman remains absent or invisible as an other.
- Published
- 2022
23. BEING THE WHEELMAN IN MULTIPLAYER SHOOTERS.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
A-10 (Jet attack plane) ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,HELICOPTER pilots ,FORTNITE (Video game) ,AUTOMOBILE driving schools - Abstract
This article from PC Gamer discusses the role of drivers in multiplayer shooters and highlights their importance in supporting gameplay. The author shares their personal experience of transitioning from a gunner to a driver and explains how good driving skills can greatly contribute to a team's success. The article also mentions the decline of vehicles in shooters and the rise of battle royale games as a platform for driving experiences. The author specifically focuses on the Warthog vehicle in Halo Infinite and emphasizes the thrill and satisfaction of being a skilled driver. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. ASSASSIN'S CREED SHADOWS.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
LIGHT sources ,NIGHT vision ,OPTICAL illusions ,SAMURAI ,SPIES - Abstract
Assassin's Creed Shadows is an upcoming game set in Japan, developed and published by Ubisoft Quebec. The game focuses on stealth gameplay, similar to its predecessor, Assassin's Creed Mirage. The combat has been improved, with enemies being less spongy and the pace of combat being slower. Players can choose to play as either Yasuke or Naoe, with Naoe being the more stealth-oriented character. The game also features a quest system that requires players to gather hints to locate their targets. Shadows introduces dynamic lighting, although the darkness in the environment may not be as pronounced as expected. Overall, the game offers an exciting return to the series' roots as a stealth game set in Japan. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
25. IMPERFECTLY BALANCED.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Subjects
PROJECTILES ,ARROWHEADS ,FIREARMS - Abstract
Arrowhead Studios has received criticism for their balancing patches in Helldivers 2, with some fans arguing that balancing is not as important in a PvE shooter. Arrowhead CEO Johan Pilestedt acknowledged that they may have gone too far in some areas and that they need to reevaluate their approach to balance. Pilestedt specifically mentioned that they have been relying too heavily on tweaking damage numbers and should consider other measures such as recoil, reload speeds, accuracy, projectile speeds, and equip speeds. One specific nerf that has received backlash is the removal of shrapnel waves from the Eruptor rifle, which has made the weapon less effective at clearing out swarms of small bugs. Arrowhead is listening to feedback and considering potential buffs for the weapon. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
26. WANDS UP.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Published
- 2023
27. BOO-TS ON THE GROUND.
- Author
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Park, Morgan
- Published
- 2023
28. Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin
- Author
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Findley, Keisha, Oh, Julia, Yang, Joy, Conlan, Sean, Deming, Clayton, Meyer, Jennifer A., Schoenfeld, Deborah, Nomicos, Effie, Park, Morgan, Becker, Jesse, Benjamin, Betty, Blakesley, Robert, Bouffard, Gerry, Brooks, Shelise, Coleman, Holly, Dekhtyar, Mila, Gregory, Michael, Guan, Xiaobin, Gupta, Jyoti, Han, Joel, Hargrove, April, Ho, Shi-ling, Johnson, Taccara, Legaspi, Richelle, Lovett, Sean, Maduro, Quino, Masiello, Cathy, Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jenny, Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James, Park, Morgan, Riebow, Nancy, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Thomas, James, Thomas, Pam, Vemulapalli, Meg, Young, Alice, Kong, Heidi H., and Segre, Julia A.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome
- Author
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Oh, Julia, Byrd, Allyson L., Deming, Clay, Conlan, Sean, Barnabas, Betty, Blakesley, Robert, Bouffard, Gerry, Brooks, Shelise, Coleman, Holly, Dekhtyar, Mila, Gregory, Michael, Guan, Xiaobin, Gupta, Jyoti, Han, Joel, Ho, Shi-ling, Legaspi, Richelle, Maduro, Quino, Masiello, Cathy, Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jenny, Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James, Park, Morgan, Riebow, Nancy, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Thomas, James, Thomas, Pamela, Vemulapalli, Meg, Young, Alice, Kong, Heidi H., and Segre, Julia A.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Highly complete long-read genomes reveal pangenomic variation underlying yeast phenotypic diversity
- Author
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Weller, Cory A., Andreev, Ilya, Chambers, Michael J., Park, Morgan, Bloom, Joshua S., and Sadhu, Meru J.
- Abstract
Understanding the genetic causes of trait variation is a primary goal of genetic research. One way that individuals can vary genetically is through variable pangenomic genes: genes that are only present in some individuals in a population. The presence or absence of entire genes could have large effects on trait variation. However, variable pangenomic genes can be missed in standard genotyping workflows, owing to reliance on aligning short-read sequencing to reference genomes. A popular method for studying the genetic basis of trait variation is linkage mapping, which identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs), regions of the genome that harbor causative genetic variants. Large-scale linkage mapping in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas found thousands of QTLs affecting myriad yeast phenotypes. To enable the resolution of QTLs caused by variable pangenomic genes, we used long-read sequencing to generate highly complete de novo genome assemblies of 16 diverse yeast isolates. With these assemblies, we resolved QTLs for growth on maltose, sucrose, raffinose, and oxidative stress to specific genes that are absent from the reference genome but present in the broader yeast population at appreciable frequency. Copies of genes also duplicate onto chromosomes where they are absent in the reference genome, and we found that these copies generate additional QTLs whose resolution requires pangenome characterization. Our findings show the need for highly complete genome assemblies to identify the genetic basis of trait variation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- Author
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Birney, Ewan, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Dutta, Anindya, Guigo, Roderic, Gingeras, Thomas R., Margulies, Elliott H., Weng, Zhiping, Snyder, Michael, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Thurman, Robert E., Kuehn, Michael S., Taylor, Christopher M., Neph, Shane, Koch, Christoph M., Asthana, Saurabh, Malhotra, Ankit, Adzhubei, Ivan, Greenbaum, Jason A., Andrews, Robert M., Flicek, Paul, Boyle, Patrick J., Cao, Hua, Carter, Nigel P., Clelland, Gayle K., Davis, Sean, Day, Nathan, Dhami, Pawandeep, Dillon, Shane C., Dorschner, Michael O., Fiegler, Heike, Giresi, Paul G., Goldy, Jeff, Hawrylycz, Michael, Haydock, Andrew, Humbert, Richard, James, Keith D., Johnson, Brett E., Johnson, Ericka M., Frum, Tristan T., Rosenzweig, Elizabeth R., Karnani, Neerja, Lee, Kirsten, Lefebvre, Gregory C., Navas, Patrick A., Neri, Fidencio, Parker, Stephen C. J., Sabo, Peter J., Sandstrom, Richard, Shafer, Anthony, Vetrie, David, Weaver, Molly, Wilcox, Sarah, Yu1, Man, Collins, Francis S., Dekker, Job, Lieb, Jason D., Tullius, Thomas D., Crawford, Gregory E., Sunyaev, Shamil, Noble, William S., Dunham, Ian, Denoeud, France, Reymond, Alexandre, Kapranov, Philipp, Rozowsky, Joel, Zheng, Deyou, Castelo, Robert, Frankish, Adam, Harrow, Jennifer, Ghosh, Srinka, Sandelin, Albin, Hofacker, Ivo L., Baertsch, Robert, Keefe, Damian, Dike, Sujit, Cheng, Jill, Hirsch, Heather A., Sekinger, Edward A., Lagarde, Julien, Abril, Josep F., Shahab, Atif, Flamm, Christoph, Fried, Claudia, Hackermuller, Jorg, Hertel, Jana, Lindemeyer, Manja, Missal, Kristin, Tanzer, Andrea, Washietl, Stefan, Korbel, Jan, Emanuelsson, Olof, Pedersen, Jakob S., Holroyd, Nancy, Taylor, Ruth, Swarbreck, David, Matthews, Nicholas, Dickson, Mark C., Thomas, Daryl J., Weirauch, Matthew T., Gilbert, James, Drenkow, Jorg, Bell, Ian, Zhao, XiaoDong, Srinivasan, K.G., Sung, Wing-Kin, Ooi, Hong Sain, Chiu, Kuo Ping, Foissac, Sylvain, Alioto, Tyler, Brent, Michael, Pachter, Lior, Tress, Michael L., Valencia, Alfonso, Choo, Siew Woh, Choo, Chiou Yu, Ucla, Catherine, Manzano, Caroline, Wyss, Carine, Cheung, Evelyn, Clark, Taane G., Brown, James B., Ganesh, Madhavan, Patel, Sandeep, Tammana, Hari, Chrast, Jacqueline, Henrichsen, Charlotte N., Kai, Chikatoshi, Kawai, Jun, Nagalakshmi, Ugrappa, Wu, Jiaqian, Lian, Zheng, Lian, Jin, Newburger, Peter, Zhang, Xueqing, Bickel, Peter, Mattick, John S., Carninci, Piero, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide, Weissman, Sherman, Hubbard, Tim, Myers, Richard M., Rogers, Jane, Stadler, Peter F., Lowe, Todd M., Wei, Chia-Lin, Ruan, Yijun, Struhl, Kevin, Gerstein, Mark, Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Fu, Yutao, Green, Eric D., Karaoz, Ulaş, Siepel, Adam, Taylor, James, Liefer, Laura A., Wetterstrand, Kris A., Good, Peter J., Feingold, Elise A., Guyer, Mark S., Cooper, Gregory M., Asimenos, George, Dewey, Colin N., Hou, Minmei, Nikolaev, Sergey, Montoya-Burgos, Juan I., Loytynoja, Ari, Whelan, Simon, Pardi, Fabio, Massingham, Tim, Huang, Haiyan, Zhang, Nancy R., Holmes, Ian, Mullikin, James C., Ureta-Vidal, Abel, Paten, Benedict, Seringhaus, Michael, Church, Deanna, Rosenbloom, Kate, Kent, W. James, Stone, Eric A., Batzoglou, Serafim, Goldman, Nick, Hardison, Ross C., Haussler, David, Miller, Webb, Sidow, Arend, Trinklein, Nathan D., Zhang, Zhengdong D., Barrera, Leah, Stuart, Rhona, King, David C., Ameur, Adam, Enroth, Stefan, Bieda, Mark C., Kim, Jonghwan, Bhinge, Akshay A., Jiang, Nan, Liu, Jun, Yao, Fei, Vega, Vinsensius B., Lee, Charlie W.H., Ng, Patrick, Yang, Annie, Moqtaderi, Zarmik, Zhu, Zhou, Xu, Xiaoqin, Squazzo, Sharon, Oberley, Matthew J., Inman, David, Singer, Michael A., Richmond, Todd A., Munn, Kyle J., Rada-Iglesias, Alvaro, Wallerman, Ola, Komorowski, Jan, Fowler, Joanna C., Couttet, Phillippe, Bruce, Alexander W., Dovey, Oliver M., Ellis, Peter D., Langford, Cordelia F., Nix, David A., Euskirchen, Ghia, Hartman, Stephen, Urban, Alexander E., Kraus, Peter, Van Calcar, Sara, Heintzman, Nate, Hoon Kim, Tae, Wang, Kun, Qu, Chunxu, Hon, Gary, Luna, Rosa, Glass, Christopher K., Rosenfeld, M. Geoff, Aldred, Shelley Force, Cooper, Sara J., Halees, Anason, Lin, Jane M., Shulha, Hennady P., Zhang, Xiaoling, Xu, Mousheng, Haidar, Jaafar N. S., Yu, Yong, Birney*, Ewan, Iyer, Vishwanath R., Green, Roland D., Wadelius, Claes, Farnham, Peggy J., Ren, Bing, Harte, Rachel A., Hinrichs, Angie S., Trumbower, Heather, Clawson, Hiram, Hillman-Jackson, Jennifer, Zweig, Ann S., Smith, Kayla, Thakkapallayil, Archana, Barber, Galt, Kuhn, Robert M., Karolchik, Donna, Armengol, Lluis, Bird, Christine P., de Bakker, Paul I. W., Kern, Andrew D., Lopez-Bigas, Nuria, Martin, Joel D., Stranger, Barbara E., Woodroffe, Abigail, Davydov, Eugene, Dimas, Antigone, Eyras, Eduardo, Hallgrimsdottir, Ingileif B., Huppert, Julian, Zody, Michael C., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Estivill, Xavier, Bouffard, Gerard G., Guan, Xiaobin, Hansen, Nancy F., Idol, Jacquelyn R., Maduro, Valerie V.B., Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jennifer C., Park, Morgan, Thomas, Pamela J., Young, Alice C., Blakesley, Robert W., Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Muzny, Donna M., Sodergren, Erica, Wheeler, David A., Worley, Kim C., Jiang, Huaiyang, Weinstock, George M., Gibbs, Richard A., Graves, Tina, Fulton, Robert, Mardis, Elaine R., Wilson, Richard K., Clamp, Michele, Cuff, James, Gnerre, Sante, Jaffe, David B., Chang, Jean L., Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Lander, Eric S., Koriabine, Maxim, Nefedov, Mikhail, Osoegawa, Kazutoyo, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Zhu, Baoli, and de Jong, Pieter J.
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Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Author(s): The ENCODE Project Consortium; Analysis Coordination; Ewan Birney (corresponding author) [1]; John A. Stamatoyannopoulos (corresponding author) [2]; Anindya Dutta (corresponding author) [3]; Roderic Guigó (corresponding author) [4, 5]; Thomas [...]
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- 2007
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32. Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus
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Liao, Hua-Xin, Lynch, Rebecca, Zhou, Tongqing, Gao, Feng, Alam, S. Munir, Boyd, Scott D., Fire, Andrew Z., Roskin, Krishna M., Schramm, Chaim A., Zhang, Zhenhai, Zhu, Jiang, Shapiro, Lawrence, Becker, Jesse, Benjamin, Betty, Blakesley, Robert, Bouffard, Gerry, Brooks, Shelise, Coleman, Holly, Dekhtyar, Mila, Gregory, Michael, Guan, Xiaobin, Gupta, Jyoti, Han, Joel, Hargrove, April, Ho, Shi-ling, Johnson, Taccara, Legaspi, Richelle, Lovett, Sean, Maduro, Quino, Masiello, Cathy, Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jenny, Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James, Park, Morgan, Riebow, Nancy, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Thomas, James, Thomas, Pam, Vemulapalli, Meg, Young, Alice, Mullikin, James C., Gnanakaran, S., Hraber, Peter, Wiehe, Kevin, Kelsoe, Garnett, Yang, Guang, Xia, Shi-Mao, Montefiori, David C., Parks, Robert, Lloyd, Krissey E., Scearce, Richard M., Soderberg, Kelly A., Cohen, Myron, Kamanga, Gift, Louder, Mark K., Tran, Lillian M., Chen, Yue, Cai, Fangping, Chen, Sheri, Moquin, Stephanie, Du, Xiulian, Joyce, M. Gordon, Srivatsan, Sanjay, Zhang, Baoshan, Zheng, Anqi, Shaw, George M., Hahn, Beatrice H., Kepler, Thomas B., Korber, Bette T. M., Kwong, Peter D., Mascola, John R., and Haynes, Barton F.
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- 2013
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33. TOP 100 2021.
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Stanton, Rich, Watts, Rachel, Clayton, Nat, James, Sarah, Taylor, Mollie, Lahti, Evan, Davenport, James, Kelly, Andy, Livingston, Chris, Park, Morgan, Macgregor, Jody, and Savage, Phil
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- 2022
34. METAL GEAR SOLID V.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2022
35. Cyclin E expression during development in caenorhabditis elegans
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Brodigan, Thomas M., Liu, J.I, Park, Morgan, Kipreos, Edward T., and Krause, Michael
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Cell research -- Analysis ,Anopheles -- Analysis ,Genetic research -- Analysis ,Gene mutations -- Analysis ,Caenorhabditis elegans -- Analysis ,Monoclonal antibodies -- Analysis ,Biological sciences - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00032-5 Byline: Thomas M Brodigan (a), J.i Liu (b), Morgan Park (a), Edward T Kipreos (b), Michael Krause (a) Keywords: Cyclin; cye-1; Cyclin-dependent kinase; Expression Abstract: Our interest in the coordination of cell cycle control and differentiation has led us to investigate the Caenorhabditis elegans cye-1 gene encoding the G.sub.1 cell cycle regulator cyclin E. We have studied the expression and function of cye-1 by using monoclonal antibodies directed against CYE-1 protein, cye-1::GFP reporter genes, and a cye-1 chromosomal deletion mutation. We show that a ubiquitous embryonic pattern of expression becomes restricted and dynamic during postembryonic development. Promoter analysis reveals a relatively small region of cis-acting sequences that are necessary for the complex pattern of expression of this gene. Our studies demonstrate that two other G.sub.1 cell cycle genes, encoding cyclin D and CDK4/6, have similarly compact promoter requirements. This suggests that a relatively simple mechanism of regulation may underlie the dynamic developmental patterns of expression exhibited by these three G.sub.1 cell cycle genes. Our analysis of a new cye-1 deletion allele confirms and extends previous studies of two point mutations in the gene. Author Affiliation: (a) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (b) Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Article History: Received 1 August 2002; Revised 23 October 2002; Accepted 30 October 2002
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- 2003
36. Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War: Can't top Warzone
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Park, Morgan
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Science and technology - Abstract
$95 | PC, PS4/5, XBS/X | callofduty.com Despite welcome adjustments to Create-a-Class and a fun (if brief) campaign, Call of Duty has been a lot better before. In fact, a [...]
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- 2021
37. THE UGLY EPIDEMIC.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2024
38. GOO TIMES.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2022
39. A community-based advance care planning intervention for the adult children of older adult Korean Americans
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Park, Morgan D.
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animal structures ,stomatognathic system ,bacteria ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,humanities - Abstract
Purpose: This quality improvement project aimed to increase engagement in advance care planning (ACP) and ACP behaviors among Korean Americans in New Jersey (NJ) by implementing a culturally-relevant ACP intervention targeted toward the adult children of Korean American older adults. Methodology: A single session ACP training event was held at an English-speaking Korean American church in central NJ. The training consisted of a short film about a woman's end-of-life journey, and an overview by a registered nurse of ACP concepts and how to use the Korean-English version of the "Five Wishes" advance directive to guide ACP conversations with a parent or loved one. The project used a pre- post- post-test design to measure ACP actions (i.e. ACP documentation and ACP conversations) and Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey (ACPES) scores before, immediately after (ACPES only), and two months after the intervention.Results: The convenience sample (n = 13) of participants was primarily female (54%), Korean American (85%), with a mean age of 40.5 years. Participants' aggregate ACPES scores increased 23% from baseline to two-month follow-up, (M = 3.31, M = 4.07). At two-month follow-up, 23% of participants had had a new ACP conversation with their parent or loved one, and 31% had completed a new ACP action. Additionally, after the intervention, 39% of participants reported not having completed an ACP action they previously reported before the intervention, suggesting a shift in participants' understanding of advance directives and ACP conversations following the intervention.Implications: Korean American older adults have low rates of ACP, placing them at increased risk for poor end-of-life care outcomes in a state that provides the most aggressive end-of-life medical care in the nation. The family unit plays a key role in ACP for Korean American older adults. This quality improvement project demonstrates that an ACP intervention by nurses to support adult children of older adult Korean Americans in engaging in semi-structured ACP conversations may help improve families' engagement in ACP and increase discussion of ACP wishes and values.
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- 2019
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40. Male and female cooperate in the prohormone-like processing of a Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid protein
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Park, Morgan and Wolfner, Mariana F.
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Spermatozoa -- Physiological aspects ,Proteolysis -- Physiological aspects ,Sex (Biology) -- Physiological aspects ,Drosophila -- Physiological aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid protein, Acp26Aa, is essential for the processing of Acp26Aa in the female genital tract and structurally represents a prohormone. Sequential proteolytic cleavage occur in the mated female during the processing, but no processing is observed during ectopic expression of Acp26Aa in the absence of mating. For proper processing function in the mated female, activities must be provided from the male.
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- 1995
41. PARENTING TIPS.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2022
42. Cystatin B-deficient mice have increased expression of apoptosis and glial activation genes
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Lieuallen, Kimberly, Pennacchio, Len A., Park, Morgan, Myers, Richard M., and Lennon, Gregory G.
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- 2001
43. Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new view of ctenophore photocytes
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Schnitzler Christine E, Pang Kevin, Powers Meghan L, Reitzel Adam M, Ryan Joseph F, Simmons David, Tada Takashi, Park Morgan, Gupta Jyoti, Brooks Shelise Y, Blakesley Robert W, Yokoyama Shozo, Haddock Steven HD, Martindale Mark Q, and Baxevanis Andreas D
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Bioluminescence ,ctenophore ,Mnemiopsis leidyi ,opsin ,photocyte ,photoprotein ,photoreception ,phototransduction ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Calcium-activated photoproteins are luciferase variants found in photocyte cells of bioluminescent jellyfish (Phylum Cnidaria) and comb jellies (Phylum Ctenophora). The complete genomic sequence from the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, a representative of the earliest branch of animals that emit light, provided an opportunity to examine the genome of an organism that uses this class of luciferase for bioluminescence and to look for genes involved in light reception. To determine when photoprotein genes first arose, we examined the genomic sequence from other early-branching taxa. We combined our genomic survey with gene trees, developmental expression patterns, and functional protein assays of photoproteins and opsins to provide a comprehensive view of light production and light reception in Mnemiopsis. Results The Mnemiopsis genome has 10 full-length photoprotein genes situated within two genomic clusters with high sequence conservation that are maintained due to strong purifying selection and concerted evolution. Photoprotein-like genes were also identified in the genomes of the non-luminescent sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the non-luminescent cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, and phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that photoprotein genes arose at the base of all animals. Photoprotein gene expression in Mnemiopsis embryos begins during gastrulation in migrating precursors to photocytes and persists throughout development in the canals where photocytes reside. We identified three putative opsin genes in the Mnemiopsis genome and show that they do not group with well-known bilaterian opsin subfamilies. Interestingly, photoprotein transcripts are co-expressed with two of the putative opsins in developing photocytes. Opsin expression is also seen in the apical sensory organ. We present evidence that one opsin functions as a photopigment in vitro, absorbing light at wavelengths that overlap with peak photoprotein light emission, raising the hypothesis that light production and light reception may be functionally connected in ctenophore photocytes. We also present genomic evidence of a complete ciliary phototransduction cascade in Mnemiopsis. Conclusions This study elucidates the genomic organization, evolutionary history, and developmental expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, introduces a novel dual role for ctenophore photocytes in both bioluminescence and phototransduction, and raises the possibility that light production and light reception are linked in this early-branching non-bilaterian animal.
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- 2012
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44. Increasing Advance Care Planning Conversations Among KOREAN AMERICANS THROUGH A FAITH COMMUNITY NURSE INTERVENTION.
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Park, Morgan
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Minority populations have lower rates of advance care planning (ACP) than the general population. Faith community nurses (FCNs) can facilitate ACP training to improve end-of-life care outcomes for patients and caregivers. A nurseled ACP training delivered to a primarily Korean American faith community increased the number of families who discussed end-of-life care values and wishes. Considerations for ACP outreach to Korean Americans and implications for FCNs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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45. Ser una wianbu en la Corea del Sur de la posguerra.
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MOK-WON PARK, MORGAN
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- 2021
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46. FRESH FACE.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2022
47. FRESH FACE.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2021
48. Clinical and genomic analysis of a large Chinese family with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy and SAMD12 intronic repeat expansion.
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Zhou, Yongxing, Sood, Raman, Wang, Qun, Carrington, Blake, Park, Morgan, Young, Alice C., Birnbaum, Daniel, Liu, Zhao, Ashizawa, Tetsuo, Mullikin, James C., Koubeissi, Mohamad Z., and Liu, Paul
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GENOMICS ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,PHARMACOGENOMICS ,EPILEPSY ,TREMOR ,SYMPTOMS ,GOAL programming - Abstract
Objective: Our goal was to perform detailed clinical and genomic analysis of a large multigenerational Chinese family with 21 individuals showing symptoms of Familial Cortical Myoclonic Tremor with Epilepsy (FCMTE) that we have followed for over 20 years. Methods: Patients were subjected to clinical evaluation, routine EEG, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole exome sequencing, repeat‐primed PCR, long‐range PCR, and PacBio sequencing were performed to characterize the disease‐causing mutation in this family. Results: All evaluated patients manifested adult‐onset seizures and presented with progressive myoclonic postural tremors starting after the third or fourth decade of life. Seizures typically diminished markedly in frequency with implementation of antiseizure medications but did not completely cease. The electroencephalogram of affected individuals showed generalized or multifocal spikes and slow wave complexes. An expansion of TTTTA motifs with addition of TTTCA motifs in intron 4 of SAMD12 was identified to segregate with the disease phenotype in this family. Furthermore, we found that the mutant allele is unstable and can undergo both contraction and expansion by changes in the number of repeat motifs each time it is passed to the next generation. The size of mutant allele varied from 5 to 5.5 kb with 549‐603 copies of TTTTA and 287‐343 copies of TTTCA repeat motifs in this family. Significance: Our study provides a detailed description of clinical progression of FCMTE symptoms and its management with antiseizure medications. Our method of repeat analysis by PacBio sequencing of long‐range PCR products does not require high‐quality DNA and hence can be easily applied to other families to elucidate any correlation between the repeat size and phenotypic variables, such as, age of onset, and severity of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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49. RAINBOW SIX EXTRACTION.
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Park, Morgan
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- 2021
50. Developmental pathway for potent V1V2-directed HIV-neutralizing antibodies
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Doria-Rose, Nicole A., Schramm, Chaim A., Gorman, Jason, Moore, Penny L., Bhiman, Jinal N., Dekosky, Brandon J., Ernandes, Michael J., Georgiev, Ivelin S., Kim, Helen J., Pancera, Marie, Staupe, Ryan P., Altae-Tran, Han R., Bailer, Robert T., Crooks, Ema T., Cupo, Albert, Druz, Aliaksandr, Garrett, Nigel J., Hoi, Kam H., Kong, Rui, Louder, Mark K., Longo, Nancy S., McKee, Krisha, Nonyane, Molati, O'Dell, Sijy, Roark, Ryan S., Rudicell, Rebecca S., Schmidt, Stephen D., Sheward, Daniel J., Soto, Cinque, Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt, Yang, Yongping, Zhang, Zhenhai, Mullikin, James C., Binley, James M., Sanders, Rogier W., Wilson, Ian A., Moore, John P., Ward, Andrew B., Georgiou, George, Williamson, Carolyn, Abdool Karim, Salim S., Morris, Lynn, Kwong, Peter D., Shapiro, Lawrence, Mascola, John R., Becker, Jesse, Benjamin, Betty, Blakesley, Robert, Bouffard, Gerry, Brooks, Shelise, Coleman, Holly, Dekhtyar, Mila, Gregory, Michael, Guan, Xiaobin, Gupta, Jyoti, Han, Joel, Hargrove, April, Ho, Shi-ling, Johnson, Taccara, Legaspi, Richelle, Lovett, Sean, Maduro, Quino, Masiello, Cathy, Maskeri, Baishali, McDowell, Jenny, Montemayor, Casandra, Mullikin, James, Park, Morgan, Riebow, Nancy, Schandler, Karen, Schmidt, Brian, Sison, Christina, Stantripop, Mal, Thomas, James, Thomas, Pam, Vemulapalli, Meg, Young, Alice, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
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Models, Molecular ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Population ,Antibody Affinity ,Somatic hypermutation ,HIV Infections ,Complementarity determining region ,HIV Antibodies ,Article ,Epitope ,Virus ,HIV Envelope Protein gp160 ,Evolution, Molecular ,Affinity maturation ,Neutralization Tests ,Humans ,Cell Lineage ,Amino Acid Sequence ,education ,AIDS Vaccines ,B-Lymphocytes ,education.field_of_study ,Binding Sites ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Complementarity Determining Regions ,Virology ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Epitope mapping ,CD4 Antigens ,Immunology ,HIV-1 ,biology.protein ,Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ,Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ,Antibody ,Epitope Mapping - Abstract
Antibodies capable of neutralizing HIV-1 often target variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) of the HIV-1 envelope, but the mechanism of their elicitation has been unclear. Here we define the developmental pathway by which such antibodies are generated and acquire the requisite molecular characteristics for neutralization. Twelve somatically related neutralizing antibodies (CAP256-VRC26.01–12) were isolated from donor CAP256 (from the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)); each antibody contained the protruding tyrosine-sulphated, anionic antigen-binding loop (complementarity-determining region (CDR) H3) characteristic of this category of antibodies. Their unmutated ancestor emerged between weeks 30–38 post-infection with a 35-residue CDR H3, and neutralized the virus that superinfected this individual 15 weeks after initial infection. Improved neutralization breadth and potency occurred by week 59 with modest affinity maturation, and was preceded by extensive diversification of the virus population. HIV-1 V1V2-directed neutralizing antibodies can thus develop relatively rapidly through initial selection of B cells with a long CDR H3, and limited subsequent somatic hypermutation. These data provide important insights relevant to HIV-1 vaccine development. A longitudinal study of an individual patient developing neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 (targeting the V1V2 region of gp120) reveals how such neutralizing antibodies develop and evolve over time, providing important insights relevant to vaccine development. A better understanding of how HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies are generated could be a useful contribution to the design of improved AIDS vaccines. John Mascola and colleagues have now elucidated the immunological pathway of an important category of HIV-1-neutralizing antibody — those that target the variable V1V2 region of the viral envelope. These antibodies are more frequently elicited than CD4-binding site antibodies in the early stages of HIV infection and feature modest affinity maturation, a process that favours mutations in antibody variable domains that enhance antigen binding.
- Published
- 2014
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