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Science education should help unleash the creative potential of students, for which an instrument to accurately assess creativity is required. This study aims to develop and validate such a scale to assess science classroom creativity (SCC), which is the creativity expressed by students in the process of learning either individually or collectively in a science classroom. This study is carried out in the following four stages to achieve this goal: (1) item generation, (2) scale development, (3) scale validation, and (4) scale application. The results of this study indicate that the developed SCC scale with 49 items is a valid and reliable instrument that consists of nine components: cognitive/affective student characteristics, internal/external engagement in science class, science classroom environment, cognitive/emotional support of the science teacher, and individual/collective creative behaviour. Furthermore, the application of the scale provides science teachers with opportunities to: understand creativity more deeply, think reflectively about their teaching practice, and produce differentiated instructional designs to promote creativity.

One of the major challenges in QLED research is improving the stability of the devices. In this study, we fabricated all inorganic quantum-dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) using hafnium oxide (HfOx) as the hole transport layer (HTL), a material commonly used for insulator. Oxygen vacancies in HfOx create defect states below the Fermi level, providing a pathway for hole injection. The concentration of these oxygen vacancies can be controlled by the annealing temperature. We optimized the all-inorganic QLEDs with HfOx as the HTL by changing the annealing temperature. The optimized QLEDs with HfOx as the HTL showed a maximum luminance and current efficiency of 66,258 cd/m2 and 9.7 cd/A, respectively. The fabricated all-inorganic QLEDs exhibited remarkable stability, particularly when compared to devices using organic materials for the HTL. Under extended storage in ambient conditions, the all-inorganic device demonstrated a significantly enhanced operating lifetime (T50) of 5.5 h, which is 11 times longer than that of QLEDs using an organic HTL. These results indicate that the all-inorganic QLEDs structure, with ITO/MoO3/HfOx/QDs/ZnMgO/Al, exhibits superior stability compared to organic-inorganic hybrid QLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optoelectronic neuromorphic devices based on oxide semiconductors have been potentially investigated to mimic the functions of human visual synapses. However, the challenge comes from the wide bandgap characteristics of numerous oxide semiconductors, which restricts the response range of the device under ultra‐violet (UV) region. Strategies for widening the response range are mostly focused on artificially generating the defect states, however, most of them results in mimicking the tetrachromatic visual system from UV to visible light range. To be used for industries such as robotics, or autonomous vehicles, mimicking the tetrachromatic vision system should be overcome up to near‐infrared (NIR) region. Here, a facile solution processed indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide and silver oxide structured optoelectronic synaptic transistor is fabricated not only to mimic the function of human synapses, but to overcome the tetrachromatic human visual system up to the NIR region. The device not only showed photoresponse characteristics under the entire 405 to 830 nm wavelength region, but also showed significant synaptic behaviors with over 512 conduction states under a reasonable incident light power density of 4.5 mW cm−2. The results will offer a useful facile method for fabricating optoelectronic synaptic transistors that can overcome the tetrachromatic vision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depletion of the ozone layer over the last four decades has increased Earth's exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, posing significant health risks. Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (IGZO) phototransistors have emerged as promising UV detection candidates, boasting a wide bandgap (>3 eV), low off‐current, high on‐current, and stability. However, previous efforts to enhance the photoresponse of IGZO phototransistors focused on visible light absorption layers, neglecting UV detection. Here, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) as an absorption layer in IGZO TFTs for UV phototransistors are introduced. IGZO/ZnO TFTs exhibit robust photoresponsivity for UV light below 360 nm, showcasing rejection ratios (Ruv / Rvis) of 20 258, 62 261, 193 649, and 401 582 for wavelengths of 360, 340, 320, and 300 nm, respectively. The combination of IGZO's wide bandgap with ZnO NPs proves effective for detecting UV light below 360 nm, even at low incident light intensities (15 µW cm−2). Enhanced photoresponse characteristics are confirmed via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. This research highlights the potential of IGZO materials for UV phototransistors and introduces a novel perspective on the utilization of an additional absorption layer traditionally employed for the conventional extension into the visible light range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SB3 is a trastuzumab biosimilar approved in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and the USA. This real-world study evaluated safety and effectiveness of SB3 as part of the Korean post approval safety management system. Methods: This post-marketing surveillance in Korea included patients in line with approved indications, i.e., patients with early or metastatic breast cancer or metastatic gastric cancer. Safety outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness outcomes were tumor response and event-free survival. Results: 424 patients were evaluated: 366 patients (86%) with early breast cancer, 53 patients (13%) with metastatic breast cancer, and 5 patients (1%) with metastatic gastric cancer. Among patients with breast cancer, AEs (mostly mild) and adverse drug reactions were reported by 158 (37.7%) and 57 (13.6%) patients, respectively. Most patients with an AE (141, 89.2%) had no change in treatment schedule. Treatment was temporarily suspended in 14 (8.9%) patients with an AE and completely discontinued in 7 (4.4%). Among patients with early and metastatic breast cancer who were evaluated for efficacy, objective response rates were 82.7% and 38.3%, respectively. Pathological complete response was 64.6% in patients with early breast cancer. Discussion/Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of SB3 demonstrated in this real-world study were comparable with previous studies of reference trastuzumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]