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Background: Due to rapid increases in the number of Korean people with dementia, dementia has become a priority health issue in South Korea. Likewise, the well‐being of family caregivers of people with dementia has also become an issue of concern. However, little is known about the resilience of Korean family caregivers because there is a lack of review studies from a Korean cultural perspective about the resilience of family caregivers of people with dementia. Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate quantitative studies related to resilience theories, measurement instruments, correlates and resilience interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia. Method: This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute based on Arksey and O'Malley. Nine databases were searched to retrieve evidence published in English or Korean between January 2000 and September 2022. Studies with a quantitative research design reporting the resilience of family caregivers of people with dementia based on a resilience theory framework were included. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. All studies used either a modified McCubbin and McCubbin's family stress, adjustment and adaptation model or Walsh's family resilience model. All resilience instruments were used without cross‐cultural adaptation. Family adaptation, social support, life satisfaction, family (di)stress and caregiver burden were associated with resilience among family caregivers. A few family resilience‐enhancing programmes showed a positive effect on caregiver resilience. Conclusion: This review noted that all the resilience measures documented in this study need to test for cultural adaptation in a Korean context. Further research is required to develop and implement family‐based, culturally tailored interventions to effectively enhance Korean resilience for family caregivers of people with dementia. Implications for Practice: Gerontological nurses should include Korean family caregivers in their nursing care and assess whether family caregivers have depression or suicidal thoughts to promote better health outcomes for caregivers and their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have shown promising clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The combined positive score (CPS) quantifies PD‐L1 22C3 expression in UC, but it can vary between pathologists due to the consideration of both immune and tumour cell positivity. Methods and Results: An artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered PD‐L1 CPS analyser was developed using 1,275,907 cells and 6175.42 mm2 of tissue annotated by pathologists, extracted from 400 PD‐L1 22C3‐stained whole slide images of UC. We validated the AI model on 543 UC PD‐L1 22C3 cases collected from three institutions. There were 446 cases (82.1%) where the CPS results (CPS ≥10 or <10) were in complete agreement between three pathologists, and 486 cases (89.5%) where the AI‐powered CPS results matched the consensus of two or more pathologists. In the pathologist's assessment of the CPS, statistically significant differences were noted depending on the source hospital (P = 0.003). Three pathologists reevaluated discrepancy cases with AI‐powered CPS results. After using the AI as a guide and revising, the complete agreement increased to 93.9%. The AI model contributed to improving the concordance between pathologists across various factors including hospital, specimen type, pathologic T stage, histologic subtypes, and dominant PD‐L1‐positive cell type. In the revised results, the evaluation discordance among slides from different hospitals was mitigated. Conclusion: This study suggests that AI models can help pathologists to reduce discrepancies between pathologists in quantifying immunohistochemistry including PD‐L1 22C3 CPS, especially when evaluating data from different institutions, such as in a telepathology setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Display technology has developed rapidly in recent years, with III–V system-based micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) attracting attention as a means to overcome the physical limitations of current display systems related to their lifetime, brightness, contrast ratio, response time, and pixel size. However, for μLED displays to be successfully commercialized, their technical shortcomings need to be addressed. This review comprehensively discusses important issues associated with μLEDs, including the use of the ABC model for interpreting their behavior, size-dependent degradation mechanisms, methods for improving their efficiency, novel epitaxial structures, the development of red μLEDs, advanced transfer techniques for production, and the detection and repair of defects. Finally, industrial efforts to commercialize μLED displays are summarized. This review thus provides important insights into the potential realization of next-generation display systems based on μLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We established a protocol for the traditional Korean medicine examination (KME) and methodically gathered data following this protocol. Potential indicators for KME were extracted through a literature review; the first KME protocol was developed based on three rounds of expert opinions. The first KME protocol's feasibility was confirmed, and data were collected over four years from traditional Korean medicine (KM) hospitals, focusing on healthy adults, using the final KME protocol. A literature review identified 175 potential core indicators, condensed into 73 indicators after three rounds of expert consultation. The first KME protocol, which was categorized under questionnaires and medical examinations, was developed after the third round of expert opinions. A pilot study using the first KME protocol was conducted to ensure its validity, leading to modifications resulting in the development of the final KME protocol. Over four years, data were collected from six KM hospitals, focusing on healthy adults; we obtained a dataset comprising 11,036 healthy adults. This is the first protocol incorporating core indicators of KME in a quantitative form and systematically collecting data. Our protocol holds potential merit in evaluating predisposition to diseases or predicting diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the size of micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) decreases, μLEDs encounter etching damage especially at the sidewalls that critically affects their properties. In this study, we investigated the influence of etching bias power (Pbias) on the performance of μLEDs and found that the current–voltage and light output–current characteristics of μLEDs were enhanced when Pbias was reduced. It was shown that at low Pbias, the chemical reaction between etching gas and gallium nitride, rather than ion sputtering, dominated the etching process, leading to low plasma damage and rough surface morphology. Additionally, to understand the etching-induced surface roughening behaviors, various substrates with different threading dislocation densities were treated at low Pbias. It was found that for the sample (with p-contact size of 10 × 10 μm2), the efficiency droop was approximately 20%, although the current reached 10 mA due most probably to the suppressed polarization effect in the quantum well. It was further observed that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) was dependent on Pbias, where the lowest Pbias yielded the highest maximum EQE, indicating that the plasma damage was mitigated by reducing Pbias. Optimization of dry etching and polarization-suppression conditions could pave the way for realizing high-performance and brightness μLEDs for next-generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]