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Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films have been fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering on single-crystal LaAlO3 (001) and SrTiO3 (011) substrates with additional annealing to relax the lattice strain. Although the Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films were deposited simultaneously on different substrates at the same deposition rate, they differ in thickness by a factor of ? . The observed difference in thickness is explained by the two-dimensional (layer-by-layer) film growth, rather than by a difference in growth rate controlled by the crystalline orientation of the substrate. An analysis of optical and transport properties reveals that the observed anisotropy in the polaron motion is governed by a strong anisotropy in the trapping energy, rather than in polaron formation. It is shown that the deposited Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films exhibit magnetic behavior typical of two-phase magnetic systems and should be regarded as an assembly of interacting magnetic clusters., Applied Sciences

X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution electron microscopy of BiFeO3 films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on single-crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates reveal that the films have a highly c-oriented orthorhombic crystalline structure. The magnetic properties of the BiFeO3 films are typical of ensembles of interacting superparamagnetic clusters, rather than Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya weak ferromagnets. The appearance of extrinsic nanoscale superparamagnetic clusters is explained by an oxygen deficiency in certain regions of the film, where ferromagnetic ordering can be realized through a double-exchange Zener mechanism., Applied Sciences

Substantial effort has been devoted to the synthesis of molecular receptors that can function as chemosensors for nitroaromatic explosives. In spite of several advantages, these receptors suffer from low sensitivity and difficulties translating the response into the gas phase. We have combined tetrathiafulvalene-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole, a colorimetric receptor, with a polyimide microcantilever, that includes a mechanical stress sensing element. The resulting system is capable of detecting 10 ppb trinitrobenzene vapor. This represents a 30-fold improvement relative to the receptor in halogenated solvents, suggesting that this approach can provide a solution to translating the chemical response of colorimetric chemosensors into practical devices., Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films of various thicknesses have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on single crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Reducing the film thickness leads to a significant suppression of ferromagnetic (FM) ordering and the Curie point falls below the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature. When this occurs, a huge rise of the magnetoresistance ratio from 400 to 60?000% is observed in an applied magnetic field of 5 T. We surmise that this new kind of the enhanced colossal magnetoresistance effect originates in the FM/AFM competition and the collapse of the charge-ordered state at high magnetic fields, rather than in the regular double-exchange mechanism., Applied Sciences

Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films have been fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering on single-crystal LaAlO3 (001) and SrTiO3 (011) substrates with additional annealing to relax the lattice strain. Although the Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films were deposited simultaneously on different substrates at the same deposition rate, they differ in thickness by a factor of ? . The observed difference in thickness is explained by the two-dimensional (layer-by-layer) film growth, rather than by a difference in growth rate controlled by the crystalline orientation of the substrate. An analysis of optical and transport properties reveals that the observed anisotropy in the polaron motion is governed by a strong anisotropy in the trapping energy, rather than in polaron formation. It is shown that the deposited Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films exhibit magnetic behavior typical of two-phase magnetic systems and should be regarded as an assembly of interacting magnetic clusters., Applied Sciences

Nd0.52Sr0.48MnO3 films of various thicknesses have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on single crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Reducing the film thickness leads to a significant suppression of ferromagnetic (FM) ordering and the Curie point falls below the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature. When this occurs, a huge rise of the magnetoresistance ratio from 400 to 60?000% is observed in an applied magnetic field of 5 T. We surmise that this new kind of the enhanced colossal magnetoresistance effect originates in the FM/AFM competition and the collapse of the charge-ordered state at high magnetic fields, rather than in the regular double-exchange mechanism., Applied Sciences

X-ray diffraction analysis and high-resolution electron microscopy of BiFeO3 films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on single-crystal LaAlO3 (001) substrates reveal that the films have a highly c-oriented orthorhombic crystalline structure. The magnetic properties of the BiFeO3 films are typical of ensembles of interacting superparamagnetic clusters, rather than Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya weak ferromagnets. The appearance of extrinsic nanoscale superparamagnetic clusters is explained by an oxygen deficiency in certain regions of the film, where ferromagnetic ordering can be realized through a double-exchange Zener mechanism., Applied Sciences

Substantial effort has been devoted to the synthesis of molecular receptors that can function as chemosensors for nitroaromatic explosives. In spite of several advantages, these receptors suffer from low sensitivity and difficulties translating the response into the gas phase. We have combined tetrathiafulvalene-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole, a colorimetric receptor, with a polyimide microcantilever, that includes a mechanical stress sensing element. The resulting system is capable of detecting 10 ppb trinitrobenzene vapor. This represents a 30-fold improvement relative to the receptor in halogenated solvents, suggesting that this approach can provide a solution to translating the chemical response of colorimetric chemosensors into practical devices., Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

The microstructural and magnetic properties of amorphous, nanoclustered, and self-organized bilayer Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 films, prepared by rf magnetron sputtering, are investigated. The amorphous film was found to be a typical paramagnet with free motion of the individual Mn spins, and the magnetic properties are well described on the basis of the Curie–Weiss approximation. The nanoclustered film manifests magnetic properties mimicking those of superparamagnetic particles following nonclassical magnetic dynamics. The self-organized bilayer film demonstrates a negative exchange bias typical of a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet hybrid system, in spite of the fact that both layers have a ferromagnetic origin. The magnetic properties of the films are discussed in detail on the basis of modern theoretical models., Applied Sciences

The microstructural and magnetic properties of amorphous, nanoclustered, and self-organized bilayer Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 films, prepared by rf magnetron sputtering, are investigated. The amorphous film was found to be a typical paramagnet with free motion of the individual Mn spins, and the magnetic properties are well described on the basis of the Curie–Weiss approximation. The nanoclustered film manifests magnetic properties mimicking those of superparamagnetic particles following nonclassical magnetic dynamics. The self-organized bilayer film demonstrates a negative exchange bias typical of a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet hybrid system, in spite of the fact that both layers have a ferromagnetic origin. The magnetic properties of the films are discussed in detail on the basis of modern theoretical models., Applied Sciences

The structural, magnetic, and transport properties of La0.7(Ca1?ySry)0.3MnO3 films, deposited on a LaAlO3?(001) single crystalline substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering using “soft” (or powder) targets, have been investigated. It was found that at 0.3 ? y ? 0.5 both the rhombohedral (R3c) and the orthorhombic (Pnma) crystal phases in the form of nanoscale clusters are coexistent at room temperature. The observed structural clustering is accompanied by two-stage magnetic and electronic transitions, and governed by a nonuniform distribution of the lattice strain through the film. It was shown that for the films with 0 ? y ? 0.5 the nonlinear (almost parabolic) MR(H) dependence is typical while, for 0.65 ? y ? 1.0, the linear MR(H) behavior is observed at room temperature. The magnetotransport properties of films are explained within the framework of field-dependent activation-energy model. The magnetic phase diagram for La0.7(Ca1?ySry)0.3MnO3 thin-film system is also presented., Applied Sciences

The structural, magnetic, and transport properties of La0.7(Ca1?ySry)0.3MnO3 films, deposited on a LaAlO3?(001) single crystalline substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering using “soft” (or powder) targets, have been investigated. It was found that at 0.3 ? y ? 0.5 both the rhombohedral (R3c) and the orthorhombic (Pnma) crystal phases in the form of nanoscale clusters are coexistent at room temperature. The observed structural clustering is accompanied by two-stage magnetic and electronic transitions, and governed by a nonuniform distribution of the lattice strain through the film. It was shown that for the films with 0 ? y ? 0.5 the nonlinear (almost parabolic) MR(H) dependence is typical while, for 0.65 ? y ? 1.0, the linear MR(H) behavior is observed at room temperature. The magnetotransport properties of films are explained within the framework of field-dependent activation-energy model. The magnetic phase diagram for La0.7(Ca1?ySry)0.3MnO3 thin-film system is also presented., Applied Sciences