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Aims: This review examined the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' clinical skill performance and identified essential features of VR training. Background: VR provides immersive content, simulating real‐life scenarios and preventing errors in clinical settings. Design: This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Data sources Studies were obtained from Ovid‐EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed. Review methods: Studies related to VR training published from 1 January 2000 to 8 May 2024 were included. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 4.0 software was used for meta‐analysis and random effects meta‐regression. The overall effect was assessed with Hedges' g and Z‐statistics (p < 0.05). Heterogeneity was measured using I‐squared (I2) statistics. Results: Among the 31 476 studies, 11 randomized controlled trial studies were included. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical skill performance, with a medium to large effect (g = 0.61) in the VR group (Z = 3.80, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses highlighted higher nursing skills in the VR training topic. Meta‐regression revealed that the VR training topic (β = 1.23, p < 0.001) and method of VR training (β = −0.53, p = 0.05) were significant covariates influencing clinical skill performance. Conclusion: VR training improves nursing students' clinical skill performance, addressing shortcomings in the clinical practicum. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? VR has the capability to simulate real‐life scenarios, aiding students in gaining practical experience. What this paper adds: VR training was shown to not only improve students' knowledge but also their clinical skill performance. The implications of this paper: The findings suggest that VR training is a viable teaching strategy for improving nursing students' clinical skill performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and periodontitis are common conditions in older adults that can lead to serious complications, gaining public health attention. Although GERD and periodontitis share common risk factors, such as age, lifestyle habits, and socioeconomic status, large-scale studies examining their specific relationship are limited. Methods: This study aimed to assess the association between GERD and the likelihood of developing periodontitis using a national validated cohort data from Korea. Data were drawn from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort (2004–2019) using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnostic codes. The study included 16,744 GERD patients and 66,976 matched controls (matched 1:4 by age, sex, income, and residence). Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for periodontitis, adjusting for various factors, with subgroup analyses based on age, income, and other covariates. Results: The overall incidence of periodontitis was similar between the GERD and control groups, with no significant difference in the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02, p = 0.625). However, subgroup analyses in the GERD group showed a slightly increased likelihood of periodontitis in individuals over 60 years old (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06, p = 0.050) and those in lower-income brackets (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.023). Conclusions: In summary, while GERD was not associated with an increased overall probability of periodontitis, age and socioeconomic factors may influence the likelihood of periodontitis development in certain GERD patients. These findings may highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and closer oral health monitoring in older and lower-income populations with GERD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing prevalence of gout and its associated health concerns as a chronic disorder, population-based studies on its link to migraines are scarce. We conducted a 16-year longitudinal study in a Korean population to investigate the relationship between gout and migraines, including different subtypes. We enrolled 23,137 patients with gout and matched them with 92,548 controls based on age, sex, income, and residence. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated hazard ratios to assess the likelihood of migraines while considering relevant factors. During the follow-up, 1000 gout patients and 3214 controls experienced migraines. After adjusting for various factors, including demographics, health-related variables, and weight categories, the gout group had a 1.26-fold higher likelihood of developing migraines compared to the group without gout. This association was particularly strong for migraines without aura, while it was not significant for migraines with aura. In summary, our study reveals a significant link between gout and migraines in the Korean population, emphasizing the complex relationship among chronic disorders, with a specific focus on migraine subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]