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Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (H5Nx) subtype descendents of the H5N1 Goose-Guangdong (Gs/Gd) lineage emerged in 1996; since then, derivatives of H5Nx have disseminated intercontinentally through wild migratory waterfowl [...]

In 1968, OMEP established the "International Journal of Early Childhood" (IJEC). In 50 years of publication, the journal has become an important platform for knowledge-sharing within the early childhood education community. Theory, policy, and practice change over time and content of the journal reflects the emergence of various topics. At the same time, the everlasting theme of 'play' has remained a common topic. The aim of this article is to examine the thematic trends in published topics, through a systematic analysis of the keywords used in IJEC articles, published from 1969 to 2017, in an analysis of 646 articles. Keyword network analysis can identify the relational structure between keywords, including identification of major research topics, and their relationships through the production of network images. The results showed distinct research trends in early childhood education across different periods. From an historical perspective, the findings demonstrate the changes and continuities in research topics published over time, not only as an academic analysis, but also as representing global directions of research in early childhood research, across countries with very different socio-cultural backgrounds.

This study identified travelers' mental states related to key travel attributes at different stages of travel. Specifically, this study addresses three research foci: (1) the major topics discussed by online travel community members regarding European and Asian destinations; (2) the members' future and past time orientations; and (3) the emotions associated with the topics discussed. To answer our research questions, we conducted topic modeling and language analysis to measure travelers' temporal orientations (i.e., past and future orientations) and emotional states (i.e., positive and negative sentiments) as expressed on Reddit. We compared comments on the 20 most salient topics related to European and Asian destinations by topic weight, and classified the discussed topics on the basis of topic sentiment and temporal orientation. Our results identify the key travel attributes shared in the online sphere, where online travel community members express varying sentiments toward past and future experiences and events. The findings will benefit diverse travel industry stakeholders as well as researchers interested in online discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Assessing pain deception is challenging due to its subjective nature. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of pain deception using machine learning (ML) analysis with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales, considering accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score as diagnostic parameters. Materials and Methods: This study was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly allocated into a non-deception (ND) group and a deception (D) group. Pain deception, as a form of psychological intervention, was taught to subjects in the D group to deceive the physician. MMPI-2, Waddell's sign, and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) were also measured. For analyzing the MMPI-2, the XGBoost ML algorithm was applied. Results: Of a total of 96 participants, 50 and 46 were assigned to the ND group and the D group, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, pain and MMPI-2 did not show diagnostic value. However, in the ML analysis, values of the selected MMPI-2 (sMMPI-2) scales related to pain deception showed an accuracy of 0.724, a precision of 0.692, a recall of 0.692, and an f1-score of 0.692. Conclusions: Using MMPI-2 test results, ML can diagnose pain deception better than the conventional logistic regression analysis method by considering different scales and patterns together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid spread of the coronavirus virus (COVID-19) has been responsible for massive global impacts on the lives of children, families and communities. It is important to document these effects for the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) sector. This report focuses on the Asia-Pacific region and ECEC sector, given limited regional studies on the impact of COVID-19 on early childhood education. It draws attention to the effects of the pandemic across five member countries of the "Organisation Mondiale pour l' Education Préscolaire" (OMEP)--Australia, China, Japan, Korea and Thailand. The authors describe initial responses to control the spread of the pandemic in each national context and identify socio-political factors that enable broad understandings of national responses to COVID-19. In relation to the ECEC sector, responses are discussed in terms of cultural differences, economic issues, educational and professional concerns and educator wellbeing. While important government actions have rightly focused on virus suppression, it also remains important to maintain attention on the rights of children to ensure that the health crisis does not also become a child's rights crisis and that sufficient attention is given to children's safety and wellbeing.

The present study compared the effects of pectoral nerve block II (PECS II) and erector spinae plane (ESP) block for postoperative analgesia in patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy by performing a network meta-analysis (NMA) using indirect comparison with systemic analgesia. Studies comparing the analgesic effects of PECS II and ESP block were searched on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome of this study was cumulative opioid consumption for 24 h postoperatively. Pain score during this period was also assessed. NMA was performed to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of plane blocks and systemic analgesia. A search of databases identified 17 studies, with a total of 1069 patients, comparing the analgesic efficacies of PECS II block, ESP block, and systemic analgesia. Compared with systemic analgesia, mean difference of opioid consumption was - 10 mg (95% credible interval [CrI] - 15.0 to - 5.6 mg) with PECS II block and - 5.7 mg (95% CrI - 11.0 to - 0.7 mg) with ESP block. Relative to systemic analgesia, PECS II block showed lower pain scores over the first postoperative 24 h, whereas ESP block did not. PECS II block showed the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curves for both opioid consumption and pain score. Both PECS II and ESP blocks were shown to be more effective than systemic analgesia regarding postoperative analgesia following modified radical mastectomy, and between the two blocks, PECS II appeared to have favorable analgesic effects compared to ESP block., Author(s): Boohwi Hong [sup.1] [sup.2], Seunguk Bang [sup.3] [sup.4], Chahyun Oh [sup.1], Eunhye Park [sup.1], Seyeon Park [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411665.1, 0000 0004 0647 2279, Department of Anesthesiology and [...]

Despite the growing demand for accessible tourism, there remains a lack of research on the travel perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. Social media platforms, such as Reddit, provide unique opportunities to understand the perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. This study aimed to investigate travel‐related perspectives and experiences of physical disability communities, including wheelchair, deaf, and blind communities, to provide implications for travel service providers and policymakers to improve the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services. Using structural topic modeling and network analysis, 12 prominent topics related to travel perspectives and experiences among physical disability communities were identified to map their relationships. Our study highlights the significance of understanding the unique perspectives, experiences, and needs of individuals with disabilities in the hospitality and tourism industry. It provides implications for improving the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how early learning might be made sustainable for children. It considers the application of Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals to early childhood education to ensure that inclusive and equitable quality education that promotes lifelong learning opportunities is available to all children. Early childhood practitioners and researchers are encouraged to implement curricula and pedagogies that can support sustainable learning. While educational research about sustainability is necessary, understandings of sustainability policies and values are also required. Values related to sustainability promote a certain type of pedagogy in which the child should be allowed to take initiatives, think, and reflect. This requires high-quality early childhood education. How sustainability concepts can be applied to both content and pedagogy are discussed, as well as different preconditions that are necessary so that all children can access education for sustainability. Important preconditions of education for sustainability include a need for awareness that lifelong learning is applicable to early childhood education, as well as educated staff who are aware about what is relevant for young children to learn about sustainability.

Purpose/Objectives: This study investigated the use of electronic and paper-based point-of-service (POS) systems in school nutrition programs (SNPs), including associated challenges and the desired skills and existing training practices for personnel handling such systems. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on interviews with 25 SNP management staff, pilot-tested, and revised. The link to the online questionnaire was emailed to 1,500 SNP directors in 14 states. An additional 500 paper-based questionnaires were mailed to SNP directors in small districts or private/charter schools. Descriptive statistics were summarized using SPSS software. Results: There were 319 respondents, and 272 used an electronic system only; 22 of them used a paperbased system only; 21 used a combination of electronic and paper-based POS systems; and 4 contained missing data. Technical support from vendors (n = 221) was the most important factor for electronic POS system selection. The ability to customize reports (n = 35, 10.0%) and interface with district student data management systems (n = 21, 6.6%) were indicated as the main challenges. Small school or district size (n = 29, 9.1%) was the main reason for using a paper-based POS system. Concerns for paper-based system users pertained to accuracy of reimbursable meal counts (n = 28, 8.8%) and time lag in data processing (n = 27, 8.5%). Good customer service (n = 183, 57.4%) and computer literacy (n = 160, 50.2%) were desirable skills for POS handlers. Multiple individuals such as district directors and POS system vendors were involved in providing POS training which varied in frequency, format, and length between small and large districts. Applications to Child Nutrition Professionals: Electronic POS systems were more prevalent than paper-based systems in SNPs, but challenges existed for both types of systems. School nutrition management staff should consider price, compatibility, functionality, and technical support prior to purchasing a POS system. For SNPs where paper-based POS systems are used, best practices in data management may need to be developed and communicated with directors to improve accuracy of reports. POS training by qualified individuals should be provided regularly to ensure accuracy of transactions and reporting.

Purpose/Objectives: This study assessed current practices and attitudes of school nutrition program (SNP) management staff regarding free and reduced-price (F-RP) meal application and verification in SNPs. Methods: Stratified, randomly selected 1,500 SNP management staff in 14 states received a link to an online questionnaire and/or a printed questionnaire, which was developed based on interviews of 25 SNP directors regarding F-RP meal application and pilot-tested. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, and t-tests were calculated using SPSS, with p < 0.05. Results: Of 319 SNP management staff (21.3%) who provided usable data, 175 (54.9%) accepted paper-based F-RP meal applications only, while 106 (33.2%) accepted both paper-based and online applications. In school districts where paper-based F-RP meal applications were received, more temporary employees (n = 17, 5.3%) or bookkeepers or secretaries (n = 89, 27.9%) processed applications than in districts accepting online applications (n = 6 [1.9%] or n = 43 [13.5%], respectively). The mean number of acceptable documents for verification was fewer (p < 0.001) in small districts (2.9 ± 1.3) than in large districts (3.4 ± 1.0), and more small districts accepted "paystubs only" as an acceptable form of income verification. About 11.9% (n = 38%) of participants perceived the current verification process inadequate because of omitted income documentations (n = 22, 6.9%), the cumbersome verification process (n = 5, 1.6%), 3% random verification being insufficient (n = 5, 1.6%), and the low response rate (n = 6, 1.9%). Applications to Child Nutrition Professionals: F-RP application and verification requires significant labor resources, and accepting paystubs and court documents only for income verifications may result in over-certification. If SNPs are able to accept both online and paper-based applications, encouraging parents to complete online applications may reduce staff efforts and improve accuracy. Using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program award letters or documents which make it hard to underreport income sources may also improve accuracy.

This study investigates the perceptions and attitudes of Korean early childhood teachers about education for sustainable development (ESD). A total of 301 Korean early childhood teachers participated in a survey which was purposefully developed for this research. The survey focused on three areas of interest: understanding of concepts about sustainable development and ESD; importance for ESD in early childhood education and the implementation of ESD practices; and personal intentions about a sustainable lifestyle. The teachers who participated were recruited from kindergartens and day-care centers. Overall, findings suggested that the majority of teacher respondents had reasonable understanding about sustainable development and ESD from different knowledge sources. The teachers considered that ESD in early childhood education was very necessary or fairly necessary. However, 59% of teacher respondents had not implemented any ESD programs or activities. Of those teachers who had implemented activities then, commonly, this activity was circle-time discussions. The teachers indicated positive intentions about personal practices for a sustainable lifestyle. These personal values that teachers held make it more likely that they would implement ESD programs in their classrooms. However, teachers need to be provided with opportunities for professional development to increase their knowledge about how ESD programs are designed and implemented effectively with young children.

Social media plays an important role in disaster risk reduction and management. This study brings text, emotion, and timeline analyses together to increase our understanding of online travel community members' emotional dynamics and meaningful themes of concerns during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative data was collected from three online travel communities on Reddit. We found that, as the pandemic continued, Redditors' concerns shifted from context-related external issues to daily-life-related internal issues. Furthermore, group-based emotions formed by the virtual community evolved positively, which can be beneficial for restoring confidence in travel after the pandemic. After presenting the results, we discuss their theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]