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The present paper involves a textlinguistic‑codicological analysis and attempts to identify the specific features of the Polish administrative language in the entries of the 19th c. parish register from the town of Busko‑Zdrój. The aim of the study is to answer the question as to whether the examined annotations can be regarded as a pattern of a parish register record, and henceforth as a text type. The author investigates the structure and characteristics of different register entries, with research field determined by the general structure and functionfunction of parish register records and annotations of these records.

Artykuł stanowi próbę tekstologiczno-kodykologicznej analizy i prezentacji charakterystycznych cech polskiego i rosyjskiego języka urzędowego w adnotacjach parafialnej, metrykalnej księgi urodzonych (ochrzczonych) z Buska-Zdroju z XIX wieku. Celem eksploracji jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy analizowane wpisy w księgach mogą być postrzegane jako schemat noty w parafialnej księdze metrykalnej, a zatem jako typ tekstu. Autor koncentruje uwagę na strukturze i cechach charakterystycznych poszczególnych adnotacji. Tłem tak zdefiniowanego obszaru badawczego jest natomiast zarys struktury i funkcji parafialnej księgi metrykalnej oraz jej wpisów. The paper is an attempt at a textlinguistic-codicological analysis and presentation of the the specific features of the Polish and Russian administrative language in the registrations of the parish register from Busko-Zdrój from the 19th century. The aim of the exploration is to answer the question whether the examined annotations can be regarded as a pattern of the registration in a parish register, and therefore as a text type. The author focuses on the structure and characteristics of the individual registrations. The background for such defined research area is the outlining of the structure and function of the parish registers and their entries. Der Beitrag ist als Versuch einer textlinguistisch-kodikologischen Analyse der polnischen und russischen Juristensprache in den Eintragungen des im Pfarrkanzleiarchiv in Busko-Zdrój aufbewahrten Taufregisters aus der Mitte des 19. Jh. konzipiert. Er verfolgt das Ziel, die Frage zu beantworten, ob die untersuchten Eintragungen im Taufbuch als Schema eines Vermerks im Taufregister und somit als Texttyp solch eines Eintrags angesehen werden dürfen. Der Autor fokussiert seine Aufmerksamkeit auf die Struktur sowie die charakteristischen Merkmale eines solchen Vermerks. Hintergrund des so umrissenen Untersuchungsgebietes ist wiederum die Skizze der Struktur und der Funktion eines Taufbuches und dessen Eintragungen.

This paper is a presentation of a paper given at the 1988 Social Science History Association Conference in Washington DC in which some of the limitations of parish register demography were outlined. This is followed by a postscript describing some points that might be deployed against the assertion in the 1988 paper that the future of parish register demography was 'desiccated'.

Parish registers are among the most important sources of Lithuanian historical anthroponymy. A chronologically unique baptismal register of Joniškis dating to 1599–1621, which is currently the oldest known Lithuanian parish register in Lithuania, stands out in the context of such registers. This article delved into the oldest inscriptions dated 1599–1600, which were found in the parish register of Joniškis, describes and analyses 290 personal names (second members of the binary naming model) in terms of formation. The following major research methods are used to discuss the data of historical anthroponymy: descriptive and comparative. The 290 analysed personal names were classified into two groups: anthroponyms with patronymic suffixes and anthroponyms without such suffixes. The first group was much larger. It comprised 274 (or 94.5 %) of all anthroponyms. The second group had 16 (5.5 %) personal names. Keywords: Joniškis; baptismal register; historical anthroponymy; Lithuanian historical anthroponym; word-formation.

Artykuł stanowi próbę tekstologiczno-kodykologicznej analizy i prezentacji charakterystycznych cech rosyjskiego języka urzędowego w adnotacjach parafialnej, metrykalnej księgi zaślubionych z Buska-Zdroju z XIX wieku. Celem eksploracji jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy analizowane wpisy w księgach mogą być postrzegane jako schemat noty w parafialnej księdze metrykalnej, a zatem jako typ tekstu. Autor koncentruje uwagę na strukturze i cechach charakterystycznych poszczególnych adnotacji. Tłem tak zdefiniowanego obszaru badawczego jest natomiast zarys struktury i funkcji parafialnej księgi metrykalnej oraz jej wpisów. This paper, involving a textlinguistic-codicological analysis, attempts to identify specific features of the Russian administrative language in the entries of the parish register from Busko-Zdrój in the 19th century. The aim of the investigation is to answer the question as to whether the examined annotations can be regarded as a pattern of the registration in a parish register and so as a text type. The author focuses on the structure and characteristics of different entries. The research area defined in such a manner is based on the outlining of structure and the function of the parish registers and their notes. Der Beitrag ist als Versuch einer textlinguistisch-kodikologischen Analyse der russischen Juristensprache in den Eintragungen des im Pfarrkanzleiarchiv in Busko-Zdrój aufbewahrten Heiratsregisters aus der Mitte des 19. Jh. konzipiert. Er verfolgt das Ziel, die Frage zu beantworten, ob die untersuchten Eintragungen im Heiratsbuch als Schema eines Vermerks im Heiratsregister und somit als Texttyp solch eines Eintrags angesehen werden dürfen. Der Autor fokussiert seine Aufmerksamkeit auf die Struktur sowie die charakteristischen Merkmale eines solchen Vermerks. Hintergrund des so umrissenen Untersuchungsgebietes ist wiederum die Skizze der Struktur und der Funktion eines Heiratsbuches und dessen Eintragungen.

This paper, the second of four, examines patterns and trends in infant mortality during the period 1538–1837 when the principal source available to examine these issues is parish registers. It explains how to calculate infant mortality rates from parish registers, identifies trends and discusses possible explanations for the patterns of change identified. The paper also shows how new estimates of infant mortality can be readily undertaken and ends with suggestions for future research.

V diplomskem delu geografsko in zgodovinsko preučujemo razvoj vasi Knežak, in sicer na podlagi preučevanja mrliških knjig Župnije Knežak, kartografiranja, intervjujev vaščanov in vaščank ter na podlagi same strokovne literature. Namen diplomskega dela je pridobiti objektiven pogled na razvoj vasi – v kakšni smeri se je razvijala, v kakšnem stanju je danes in kakšni so načrti za prihodnost. V del raziskovanja so vključeni tudi intervjuji z vaščani, saj lahko le z njihovim mnenjem natančneje prikažemo, kakšno je življenje v vasi. Posvetil se bom tudi objektivnemu pogledu na življenje vaščanov in predstavil morfologijo naselja. V zgodovinskem delu se podrobneje posvetimo smrtnosti in mrliškim knjigam v 19. stoletju, kjer ugotavljamo razloge za različne trende smrti v tem stoletju, v nadaljevanju pa izpostavimo tiste bolezni, ki so najhuje prizadele prebivalce v tem obdobju. Ugotovitve so velikokrat umeščene v širši kontekst, saj je zaradi majhnosti naselja le-to bilo podvrženo vplivom širše okolice in ostalega slovenskega prostora. The undergraduate degree is a combination of resarching the development of village from the geographical and historical point of view. The study is based on resarching the Knežak parish registers, cartography, interviews of the locals and studying the literature. The objective is to get an objective view of the development of the village itself, how it's progress started, in what state the village is now and what are the plans for it's future. The invovlvment of the villige residents is curutial to understand what's life like in the village. I will make an objective research on what life is like for the villiagers and present the morphology of the settlement. In the historical part od the degree we take a closer look at what were the diseases that coused the most deaths among the residents in the 19th century. Our findings are often placed in a broader contekst because of the smallness of the village. Which was heavily influenced by the local and Slovenian trends.

Improving knowledge about African historical demography is essential to addressing current population trends and achieving deeper understanding of social, economic, and political change in the past and present. I use census and parish register data from Tanganyika to address the origins of twentieth-century population growth, to describe how major changes in fertility and child mortality began in the 1940s, and to emphasise the significance of the large rise in fertility between the 1940s and 1970s. Through this work and my wider survey of parish registers in Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia, I consider the relationships between power, evidence, and meaning in these data sources. Alongside the macro gaps in Africa's population history are significant microsilences — lacunae in the sources and data which reflect the hegemonic structures within which they were produced. I suggest a moral demography approach to their analysis, borrowing from the reflexive and dialectic method found in studies of moral economy.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the public health status of an 18th century mountain locality. METHODS We collected data registered in parish death certificates from Arudy, a small village in the French Pyrenees during the period 1741-1800. RESULTS Two thousand and six hundred and sixty-three cases were studied. About 50% of deaths occurred during the first 10 years of life. There were some particularities in deaths pattern with regards to age categories between males and females and seasonality. A fraction of individuals died at advanced ages (24.1% ≥60 years and of note three cases ≥100 years). The cause of death was reported in only 2.2% of cases (nearly always sudden fatalities). Maternal mortality could not be precisely determined. Throughout this period we identified a series of mortality crises which targeted mostly children and were probably in relation with undocumented epidemics. CONCLUSIONS These data offer some clues about the sanitary situation of an European mountain community during the 18th century.

This article provides a quantitative counterpoint to the existing historiography’s qualitative consensus that colonial-era municipal elites were endogamous in terms of status by presenting a case study based on 402 marriage outcomes from the parish register of one community, during one twelve-month period, along the political dimension of status. It finds that from 1 August 1853 to 31 July1854, political elite status in San Pablo, Laguna, was positively but moderately correlated with marriage outside the status group. This practice was likely aided by the limited catchment area from which these political elites found partners and the group’s numeric scarcity within that space. KEYWORDS: EXOGAMY • INTERMARRIAGE • COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY • QUANTITATIVE CASE STUDY • POLITICAL ELITE

On 8 June 1783 the Icelandic volcano, Laki, began an eight-month long eruption which resulted indirectly in the deaths of some 10,000 people, mainly through starvation. This thesis reappraises the effects that the Laki eruption may have had throughout Europe by means of a detailed analysis of the appropriate parish registers and burial records. The year 1783 has earned the title of “Annus Mirabilis” or year of wonders, owing to the many unusual events that occurred. An evil smelling dry mist, generated by Laki, spread over much of Europe, even reaching as far as China. A disastrous series of earthquakes hit Calabria and Sicily causing a great number of deaths. In many places the summer was unseasonably hot followed by an exceedingly cold winter, causing rivers to freeze over, and severe flooding on thawing the following spring. These and many other events were researched through the medium of contemporary, scientific, and popular literature. Finally, the Laki eruption was compared to five other famous volcanic eruptions, the London “killer smog” of 1952, and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and the following question answered, was Laki the villain or fall guy?; Le 8 juin 1783, le volcan islandais Laki a commencé une éruption de huit mois qui a provoqué indirectement la mort de quelque 10 000 personnes, principalement par la famine. Cette thèse revient sur les répercussions que l’éruption du Laki a pu avoir dans toute l’Europe au moyen d’une analyse détaillée de registres paroissiaux et funéraires. L’année 1783 a valu le titre d’”Annus Mirabilis” ou “Année des Merveilles”, en raison des nombreux événements inhabituels qui se sont produits. Une brume sèche malodorante, générée par Laki, s’est répandue sur une grande partie de l’Europe, atteignant même la Chine. Une série désastreuse de tremblements de terre a frappé la Calabre et la Sicile causant un grand nombre de morts. Dans de nombreux endroits, l’été a été exceptionnellement chaud, suivi d’un hiver extrêmement froid, causant le gel des rivières et de graves inondations lors du dégel au printemps suivant. Ces événements et beaucoup d’autres ont été étudiés par le biais de la littérature contemporaine, scientifique et populaire. Enfin, l’éruption du Laki a été comparée à cinq autres éruptions volcaniques célèbres, ainsi qu’au “smog tueur” de Londres de 1952 et la catastrophe nucléaire de Tchernobyl. Laki était-il le méchant ou le bouc émissaire ?

Artykuł stanowi próbę tekstologiczno-kodykologicznych dociekań i prezentacji charakterystycznych cech rosyjskiego języka urzędowego w adnotacjach parafialnej, metrykalnej księgi urodzonych (ochrzczonych) z Buska-Zdroju XIX-go wieku. Celem badania jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy analizowane wpisy w księgach mogą być postrzegane jako schemat noty w parafialnej księdze metrykalnej, a zatem jako typ tekstu. Autor koncentruje uwagę na strukturze i cechach charakterystycznych poszczególnych adnotacji. Tłem tak zdefiniowanego obszaru badawczego jest natomiast zarys struktury i funkcji parafialnej księgi metrykalnej oraz jej wpisów. The paper, which is a textlinguistic‑codicological analysis, presents an attempt to show the specific features of the Russian administrative language in the registrations in the parish register from Busko‑Zdrój of the 19th century. The aim of the exploration is to answer the question whether the examined annotations can be regarded as a pattern of the registration in a parish register and so as a text type. The author focuses on the structure and characteristics of the different registrations. The background for such defined research area is the outlining of structure and function of the parish registers and their notes.

The renaissance of African economic history in the past decade has produced a range of new data and approaches that stimulate deeper insights into the long-term social and economic development of Africa. Some of these data and approaches are not just promising, but also problematic. We engage with a recent article by Meier zu Selhausen and Weisdorf (2016) to show how selection biases in the use of Anglican parish registers may provoke overly optimistic accounts of European influences on Africa’s schooling revolution and associated opportunities of gender emancipation. Confronting their dataset – drawn from the marriage registers of the Anglican ‘Namirembe Cathedral' in Kampala – with Uganda’s 1991 census, we show that trends in literacy and numeracy of people born in Kampala lagged half a century behind those who wedded in Namirembe Cathedral, and that the gender gap widened for a much longer period. We run a regression analysis showing that unequal access to schooling along lines of gender and ethnicity was pervasive throughout the colonial era and argue that European colonial influences did not much to alleviate gender inequality, but instead reconfigured its nature. We also argue that unequal opportunities were sustained through a political coalition of the British colonial administration with the Buganda Kingdom. This paper thus calls for a more sensitive treatment of African realities in the evaluation of European colonial legacies and a critical approach towards the use of new sources and approaches.

This essay explores the development of parish record-keeping in early modern London, examining the implications of changing practices for communal memory. Building on the study of more than 50 parish registers, it investigates who wrote the parish records, how they were kept and how they were used. Many of the extant records are the product of a ‘memorial moment’ at the turn of the seventeenth century, involving a concerted attempt to re-order and re-present parish papers as memorial objects: the material representations of parish memory. These registers highlight the emergence of an ongoing communal investment in and oversight of record-keeping practices, while the evidence of annotations and corrections in parish registers demonstrates the persistence of oral forms of communal memory, contesting the textual record. The development of the parish register in the period thus emerges as a key site for renegotiating the forms and habits of parish memory.