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Copyright of EMC-Pneumologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a previous publication the ultrastructure of pleural effusions in cases of pleural mesothelioma was reported. The same method has now been applied to a study of effusions produced by pleural metastases. The findings are considered sufficiently conclusive to justify the use of electron microscopic cytology in determining the nature and sometimes the origin of such effusions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

, , 164-171. By means of electron microscopy, three types of malignant cell can be identified in the pleural fluid of patients with pleural mesothelioma. These cell types are described, and the use of cytology in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Study Objective: To assess the effects of dopamine, which has an inotropic effect on the myocardium and increases renal and splanchnic blood flow, on diaphragmatic contraction.Design and Patients: We studied the changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure during electrical bilateral supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerves in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. In three patients, changes in diaphragmatic blood flow were also evaluated.Methods: All patients were intubated and artificially ventilated. Stimulated transdiaphragmatic pressure, cardiac output, evaluated with a Swan Ganz catheter, and diaphragmatic blood flow, evaluated by timed volume collections of left phrenic venous effluent (a catheter was introduced into the right femoral vein and advanced into the left inferior phrenic vein) were measured before dopamine infusion, every 10 minutes after the onset of dopamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight.min during 30 minutes) and 15 minutes after the end of dopamine infusion. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured before and at the end of dopamine infusion.Measurements and Main Results: Arterial blood gases and pH were maintained within normal range by mechanical ventilation throughout the study. With dopamine infusion, heart rate increased by 17% (P less than 0.001) and cardiac output by 40% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The increase in cardiac output was accompanied by a marked increase in diaphragmatic blood flow (30% on the average) in the three patients in whom it was measured (P less than 0.001). Diaphragmatic strength also increased significantly during dopamine administration. Transdiaphragmatic pressure for an identical phrenic stimulation increased by 30% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The changes in cardiac output, diaphragmatic blood flow, and transdiaphragmatic pressure persisted throughout the infusion period; all values returned to control values 15 minutes after the end of dopamine administration.Conclusions: Dopamine has a potent effect on diaphragmatic strength generation and diaphragmatic blood flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. It is possible to improve diaphragmatic contraction in these patients by administering pharmacologic agents that augment diaphragmatic blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EMC-Pneumologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La posible relación entre la osteoporosis y la artrosis continúa debatiéndose en la actualidad. Durante décadas se consideró que ambas enfermedades eran mutuamente excluyentes debido a las características antropométricas y la diferente masa ósea que con frecuencia presentan los pacientes con osteoporosis y artrosis. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha señalado la posibilidad de que ambos procesos coexistan e incluso que guarden una relación directa. En el presente artículo revisamos algunos aspectos de la relación entre estas dos enfermedades siguiendo una perspectiva temporal.