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Abstract Peri-implantitis (PI), a pathological condition associated with plaque, affects the tissues around dental implants. In addition, peri-implant mucositis (PIM) is a precursor to the destructive inflammatory PI and is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the dental implant. It is challenging to eradicate and regulate the PI treatment due to its limited effectiveness. Currently, there is a significant interest in the development and research of additional biocompatible materials to prevent the failure of dental implants. Nanotechnology has the potential to address or develop solutions to the significant challenge of implant failure caused by cytotoxicity and biocompatibility in dentistry. Nanoparticles (NPs) may be used as carriers for the release of medicines, as well as to make implant coatings and supply appropriate materials for implant construction. Furthermore, the bioactivity and therapeutic efficacy of metal NPs in peri-implant diseases (PID) are substantiated by a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the use of silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc oxide, titanium oxide (TiO2), copper (Cu), and iron oxide NPs as a cure for dental implant infections brought on by bacteria that have become resistant to several medications is the subject of recent dentistry research. Because of their unique shape-dependent features, which enhance bio-physio-chemical functionalization, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility, metal NPs are employed in dental implants. This study attempted to provide an overview of the application of metal and metal oxide NPs to control and increase the success rate of implants while focusing on the antimicrobial properties of these NPs in the treatment of PID, including PIM and PI. Additionally, the study reviewed the potential benefits and drawbacks of using metal NPs in clinical settings for managing PID, with the goal of advancing future treatment strategies for these conditions. Graphical abstract

Objective Auditory processing disorder (APD) tests, based on the deviation of results from standard benchmarks, can distinguish children suspected of having APD. Some of these tests directly relate to the ability to discriminate sound pitch, while others may be indirectly affected. Accordingly, this study investigates the impact of pitch discrimination-based rehabilitation on diagnostic indices of APD tests. Materials & Methods In this study, we selected 19 children suspected of APD who were identified based on tests of pitch pattern, dichotic digits, and monaural selective auditory attention as the intervention group. These children received pitch discrimination-based training, for about three months, two to three sessions a week, each session up to 1 h. After completing the rehabilitation phases, diagnostic tests were administered again. We also selected 26 children with similar diagnostic criteria for APD as the control group. No intervention was applied to this group, and after a comparable period to the intervention group, diagnostic tests were re-administered. The results before and after the interventions were compared within the intervention group and with the 26 children in the control group. Results The rehabilitation showed significant improvements in the pitch pattern and monaural selective auditory attention tests. In the monaural selective auditory attention test, significant improvements were observed in both ears (P=0.001). In the pitch pattern test, effective improvements were also observed for both ears (P=0.001). The effects were such that nearly 37% of children suspected of APD, based on the diagnostic criteria used in the study, no longer met the criteria for this disorder. Hence, if the same tests are re-administered to them, these children will be diagnosed as having no auditory processing disorder. Conclusion Discrimination-based rehabilitation impacts the results of APD tests. Accordingly, some children who are classified as suspected auditory processing disorder with such tests, are removed from this subgroup after the intervention.

Introduction: Medical ethics education is very vital to maintaining legality and maintain public trust in dentistry. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics of Birjand dental faculty students in 2021. Method: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 117 dental students who passed or were passing the medical ethics unit participated. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections (demographic information and questions related to the areas of knowledge, attitude and performance). The knowledge and attitude were measured through a questionnaire that was used in previous studies and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Performance was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.78. Data analysis was done using Independent Samples T-tests, One-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean score of students' knowledge, attitude, and practices was 34.11 ± 6.09, 47.07 ± 5.73, and 31.74 ± 6.02, respectively. There was a significant relationship between performance and attitude of students (r = 0.403, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean score of attitudes according to gender (p = 0.020), female students had a higher mean score of attitudes than males. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, despite good knowledge, students' attitudes and performance are at an average level. Therefore, proper education on dental ethics among students, especially male students, seems necessary.

Abstract Coronary artery disease is the leading global cause of mortality and Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing coronary artery stenosis severity. However, due to the limitations of invasive FFR measurements, there is a pressing need for a highly accurate virtual FFR calculation framework. Additionally, it’s essential to consider local haemodynamic factors such as time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), which play a critical role in advancement of atherosclerosis. This study introduces an innovative FFR computation method that involves creating five patient-specific geometries from two-dimensional coronary angiography images and conducting numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics with a three-element Windkessel model boundary condition at the outlet to predict haemodynamic distribution. Furthermore, four distinct boundary condition methodologies are applied to each geometry for comprehensive analysis. Several haemodynamic features, including velocity, pressure, TAWSS, and oscillatory shear index are investigated and compared for each case. Results show that models with average boundary conditions can predict FFR values accurately and observed errors between invasive FFR and virtual FFR are found to be less than 5%.

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While low salinity water (LSW) holds promise for improving oil recovery, its implementation is comparatively costly due to the substantial volumes of fresh water required to dilute seawater (SW). Additionally, concerns arise regarding potential issues related to LSW, including fines migration in sandstone reservoirs and scale formation in carbonate reservoirs. Chelating agents can be introduced into undiluted SW to bind with metal ions, thereby lowering its salinity. This approach mimics the behavior of LSW injection while overcoming associated challenges. This study involves measuring oil/injected solution interfacial tension (IFT), evaluating sandstone surface wettability alteration, along with conducting different sand pack flooding scenarios using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent. The aim was to comprehend the EDTA oil recovery mechanisms and determine the optimal concentration of EDTA that minimizes chemical consumption while maximizing oil recovery. The findings indicated that incorporating 5 wt% EDTA into SW significantly reduced IFT from 29.52 mN/m to 4.75 mN/m, making the oil nearly miscible in the solution. Moreover, wettability tests confirmed that a minimum EDTA concentration of 5 wt% is required to shift wettability from oil-wet to strongly water-wet conditions. Sand pack flooding experiments, on the other hand, further demonstrated that this optimized fluid system can potentially recover an additional 16.1 % of oil following SW flooding. Finally, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis revealed a notable increase in metal ion concentration during EDTA flooding, indicating enhanced leaching of metals from the sandstone surface and improved wettability characteristics.

Classification of hyperspectral images is one of the most important processes on these images. Hyperspectral images are high dimensional, so classification of these images is difficult. Therefore, methods that extract low-dimensional subspace structures from the hyperspectral image are considered. The low-rank representation method can extract the low-dimensional subspace structure in the data. This method considers the global structure of the data. In this paper, to preserve the global and local structure in the data, spares and low-rank representation feature extraction method based on spectral and spatial information is presented. The data structure is better revealed using this model, and the discrimination of the features is increased. In this model, each pixel is expressed by a linear combination of dictionary atoms. In addition, to solve the optimization problem, the alternating direction method of multipliers has been used. The simulation results show that the proposed model has better results than other methods.

This study examined how the concentration of asphaltene and divalent ions in various salinities affects the interfacial tension (IFT) between a model oil/brine using the pendant drop method. The oleic phase consisted of a mixture of toluene and n-heptane (heptol), to which asphaltene was added to investigate how asphaltene molecules affect the surface properties. The base fluid was prepared with a salinity of 40,000 ppm, and two additional solutions with concentrations of 4000 ppm (low salinity) and 80,000 ppm (high salinity) were created. The results revealed that increasing the concentration of asphaltene within certain salinity ranges led to a decrease in IFT. The lowest IFT was observed at the 40,000 ppm salinity level, indicating that at this optimal salinity, the maximum asphaltene concentration migrated to the heptol/brine interface, reducing the IFT from 23 mN/m to 16 mN/m. Additionally, a 0.5 % wt of asphaltene demonstrated a significant concentration of micellization of natural surfactants, suggesting that the interface was nearly saturated with asphaltene. Consequently, concentrations higher than this value did not significantly alter the IFT. In the final part of the study, the impact of divalent ions was investigated, revealing that as the concentration of Ca2+ ions increased up to fourfold, the IFT decreased to 15 mN/m, about 10 % less than the base case. This value represented the lowest IFT compared to Mg2+ and SO42−. Moreover, modeling the results indicated that the relaxation time decreased with increasing salinity, suggesting that higher salinity accelerated the process of asphaltene absorption at the interface.

Introduction: Managers of organizations in today's completely turbulent environment have to identify the environmental factors that will cause competition in an uncertain environment due to the existence of numerous competitors and its rapid changes, therefore, strategic planning is a useful and powerful tool to achieve Organizational goals are discussed. The purpose of the current research is to identify and explain the effective competitive factors in the strategic positioning of the industry. Iran's clothing industry is one of the industries that despite its historical background, after industrialization and the establishment of industrial production factories, it did not reach its historical position, and after a period of prosperity, it has faced many challenges in the last two decades, and its share in Iran's economy has declined. This industry has always been of interest due to its direct connection with the daily life and basic needs of households, and despite its small contribution to the national economy, it is highly sensitive. Also, Iran's clothing industry has also been active in foreign markets, which has also decreased in the last decade. On the other hand, the issue of clothing and the type of clothes that people wear in public environments has been pursued by the government with special policies, and a type of clothing is promoted as official clothing, and some forms of unconventional clothing have been violently dealt with. The current situation of Iran's clothing industry indicates that there are problems in creating a competitive advantage over foreign products, and one of these problems is improper positioning of Iranian clothing. Choosing the wrong positioning policies and not re-positioning in the clothing industry has made the position of foreign clothing in the minds of customers to be better compared to Iranian clothing, which is clearly evident in the purchase situation in the market.According to the problem in this research, we are trying to design a competitive model of strategic positioning of the Iranian clothing industry, so that in this way, the problems of the existing position of Iranian clothing are determined, and while choosing the appropriate policies, appropriate methods are suggested to create a suitable position in the minds of customers.Methodology: The research method is mixed one(qualitative-quantitative). Delphi technique is used in the qualitative part. The panel of experts of this research consists of 15 people who are experts in the garment industry in Tehran province, who have been consciously selected. In the quantitative part, the statistical population consisted of all business owners and clothing sellers in Tehran province, according to Morgan's table, 385 people were randomly selected as the sample size. Quantitative data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire and quantitative data analysis was done using the structural equation modeling method (PLS software 2.0) and SPSS 26 statistical software.Results and Discussion: The final model was formed from the categories of organizational factors, customer factors, competitiveness, contextual factors, facilitating factors, strategies and consequences. Therefore, Iran's garment industry has faced economic logic on the one hand and special social and political considerations on the other hand, which has put this industry in a situation where its growth has been interrupted. In recent decades, the import of foreign clothing from illegal or smuggled materials has caused intense competition in this industry in the country. Meanwhile, despite the good quality of domestically produced products, we still see the desire of customers to buy foreign products, which has caused some violations such as the sale of domestic products with foreign brands. The results indicate that by using the correct positioning policies while improving the position in the market and in case of adoption of differentiation strategies, cost leadership and concentration, consequences such as strategic positioning, increase in relative market share and growth and profitability are possible.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the consequences of the relationship between these variables and their components, which were prioritized, will be strategic positioning in the Iranian clothing market, which will lead to the growth of market share and profitability. Based on this and by creating a suitable position of the brand in the clothing industry, which today is competing with foreign brands, it is possible to create suitable competitive conditions by using the correct positioning policies while improving the position in the market.

Introduction: In today’s high-velocity dynamic environment, product innovation has turned to be a critical element contributing to increased performance and sustained competitive advantage. Despite the vital importance of this issue, empirical studies on product innovation, particularly dynamic capabilities impacting innovation outcomes, are limited. Besides, there are several studies in the extant literature that call for quantitative or qualitative research investigating specific dynamic capabilities that increase innovation performance outcomes. Thus, grounded on dynamic capabilities theory, the present research is aimed at investigating organizational dynamic capabilities that enhance product innovation performance, providing empirical evidence for critical roles of dynamic capabilities in improving product innovation performance outcomes. Methodology: The current study has adopted a qualitative approach to achieve the research objectives while the literature on dynamic capabilities is obsessed with quantitative studies. Specifically, this study has employed semi-structured interviews with 36 managers of Iranian medical equipment manufacturers in order to gather primary data. Also, this research has utilized applied thematic analysis in order to analyse the data. Specifically, the interviews with managers were transcribed and MAXQDA 18.0 was employed to perform thematic coding in three levels, resulting in 600 coded segments. Results and Discussion: The results show that dynamic capabilities play essential roles in improving medical equipment companies’ innovation performance. Specifically, this study reveals that there are 18 sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities that bring about enhanced product innovation performance, thus empowering the companies to respond to innovation opportunities effectively. Concerning the sensing capabilities, the results indicate that medical equipment companies should constantly gather customers and other key decision-makers’ information and conduct various market researches to be aware of market changes. Besides, they should be proactive regarding their intelligence generation practices and adopt an open mind-set to identify opportunities. In respect of seizing capabilities, results indicates that marketing, quality management and branding capabilities are essential to respond to innovation opportunities and the companies should also have high levels of managerial and research and development capabilities. Regardingreconfiguration capabilities, it reveals that the companies should employ their research and development capabilities to upgrade and integrate their resources and routines. Additionally, they should utilize their digital technologies to continuously reconfigure their resources and increase their flexibility seeing that firms with higher levels of agile reconfiguration capabilities benefit from enhanced innovation performance outcomes. Conclusion: From a theoretical point of veiw, this study notably contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory seeing as it identifies specific dynamic capabilities that augment innovation performance. Arguably, the research on dynamic capabilities is in early stages and prior studies in the literature have consistently called for empirical quantitative or qualitative research examining dynamic capabilities that improve firms’ innovation performance. From a managerial perspective, the current study sheds light on a set of dynamic capabilities that brings firms increased innovation outcomes; thus, the resultant findings empower these companies, particularly medical equipment manufacturers, to effectively develop organizational sensing, seizing, and reconfiguration capabilities and, in turn, respond to innovation opportunities successfully.

This study used the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-seawater (SW) system to modify the sandstone rock wettability and enhance oil recovery. The investigation involved conducting wettability measurement, Zeta potential measurement, and spontaneous imbibition experiment. The introduction of 5% DTPA-SW solution resulted in a significant decrease in the rock-oil contact angle from 143° to 23°, along with a reduction in the Zeta potential from −2.29 mV to −13.06 mV, thereby altering the rock surface charge and shifting its wettability from an oil-wet state to a strongly water-wet state. The presence or absence of potential determining ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−) in the solution did not impact the effectiveness of DTPA in changing the rock wettability. However, by tripling the concentration of these ions in the solution, the performance of 5% DTPA-SW solution in changing wettability was impaired. Additionally, spontaneous imbibition tests demonstrated that the 5% DTPA-SW solution led to an increase in oil recovery up to 39.6%. Thus, the optimum mass fraction of DTPA for changing sandstone wettability was determined to be 5%.

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to identify the factors, components and consequences of value co-creation of universities by emphasizing the fourth and fifth generation universities and consequently to present a conceptual model based on it. In order to conduct this research, in addition to in-depth study using the metasynthesis method to identify factors, components and consequences of value co-creation, fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to refine the factors and components. The survey was conducted in four stages and the results of each stage were refined using fuzzy Delphi method formulas. Finally, the strategic model of value co-creation of university with emphasis on value-creating and civilization-building universities with 16 factors, 23 components and 13 consequences, each designed in three categories and presented as a proposed model for value co-creation of university.IntroductionCreating and presenting common value with the cooperation of stakeholders, or co-creation of value, is a concept that has attracted the attention of many academics and universities.The dominant logic of services is the latest revolutionary achievement in the management of organizations and services. According to this logic, customers have a value in co-creation and in this process, they share their resources, especially their skills and knowledge with suppliers, and bring value-creating actions to the fore. In the meantime, the vaue co-creation process as a theme based on interaction and two-way communication between individuals is a key theme throughout the higher education network that plays an undeniable role in moving universities towards progress and overcoming the challenges ahead. This is achieved when higher education stakeholders consider moving towards value co-creation.The question now is what approaches and requirements can be used in the university and the higher education system to involve customers and stakeholders in the value co-creation process. It was informed of their needs and expectations in his own language, used their knowledge and ability to meet the needs and provide a new solution, and satisfied them with their direct cooperation in creating value, and benefiting from their ability and assistance, Did the university and the higher education system also benefit from the results and performance of this phenomenon? The answer to this question requires examining and identifying the process of dimensions and components of value co-creation in universities. In addition, despite the various researches that researchers have done on the importance of value co-creation, there are very limited studies on the development and application of value co-creation dimensions in the university and higher education system, and no comprehensive approach and model has been presented in this field. Since the creation of shared value with organizational stakeholders requires planning, careful implementation and control based on measures of dynamic capabilities to create academic value in the long run, and ultimately this leads to a move towards a value co-creating and civilization-building university. This concept is considered as a strategic concept. Therefore, designing a value creation model and elements of strategic value co-creation in the context of the value creation process can cover the above gaps and help to develop knowledge frontiers in the fields of strategic management knowledge, services and education, as well as value co-creation. Therefore, this study intends to study the subject of value co-creation, effective factors, dimensions and components and consequences of university value creation using meta-synthesis and fuzzy Delphi method and provide a suitable model for university value co-creation.Case studyState universities of Kerman province Theoretical frameworkThis research seeks to identify the factors, dimensions and consequences of value co-creation of university and presents a new plan of value co-creation features with the approach of new generation universities and the results in implementing measures and reforms related to university development.It can be used and enables universities to use this model to self-assess and pathology of the current situation and accordingly to plan and improve activitiesMethodologyThe present study is an applied research and based on the research design and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive (non-experimental) research and three methods have been used to collect information, documentary study, Delphi and survey and there is a trinity in the method. In this research, meta-synthesis method has been used for in-depth study of literature and identification of factors, components and consequences of value co-creation of university from research literature and fuzzy Delphi method has been used to refine these variables. The statistical population of the research is in the meta-synthesis section of all articles published in journals with research topics of value creation, and fourth and fifth generation universities indexed in 9 valid databases in the period 2007 to 2020, and for fuzzy delphi, University professors (experts) who were fully acquainted with theories of value creation and academics were used.Discussion and ResultsIn this study, by metasynthesis method and study of 66 sources, 33 factors affecting value co-creation, 85 components and 24 consequences with academic value co-creation perspective (142 cases in total) were identified, which finally 20 factors, 43 components and 24 consequences according to the value co-creation of university was identified and combined by fuzzy Delphi method.Finally, by conducting 4 stages of fuzzy Delphi survey, 16 factors, 23 components and 13 consequences were selected for the university value co-creation model and a conceptual model was presented.ConclusionGiven the recent advances in human consciousness and knowledge and the consequent development and change in the approach of universities from knowledge-based and research-oriented universities to entrepreneurial, value-creating and civilization-building universities, it seems to provide a relatively comprehensive version of the model. The value co-creation of university can be responsible for achieving the goals of civilization and value creation, and in the meantime, the use of a native model largely fills the existing gaps. The model presented in this study is able to provide the basis for the development of value co-creation in the Iranian higher education system and enable them to extract comprehensive plans and measures of improvement while comprehensive pathology of value creation in the Iranian higher education system. Evaluate their position in the process of value creation of human resources of the university with the approach of the fourth and fifth generation universities.

Many studies have investigated students' problem-posing activities. However, there has not been a strong focus on affective aspects in mathematical problem-posing. Also, students' understanding of the function concept whilst generating functions has not previously been investigated. This paper investigated students' misconceptions of the function concept through problem-posing tasks. It also delineates students' views on the problem-posing experiences in a functional context. The participants of this study were 74 female high-school students, of whom six were selected according to their performance on a problem-posing test to air their views. The findings show that problem-posing was a good approach for pinpointing students' misconceptions about function concept, some of which are presented in this paper. Students' interviews also indicate that, besides being productive and enjoyable for students, problem-posing activities helped them to develop a deeper understanding of the function concept through reflection. Indeed, exploring students' views in depth made it possible to provide a better analysis of the factors that can inform the effective use of problem-posing in mathematics education.

Despite the positive aspects of low salinity water (LSW), this technique is relatively expensive and unavailable in some countries. Furthermore, potential problems associated with LSW such as scale precipitation in carbonate reservoirs and fine migration in sandstone reservoirs raise concerns. Chelating agents have the ability to chelate metal ions from solution, effectively reducing the salinity of seawater (SW) and mimicking the behavior of LSW. However, they mitigate the challenges associated with LSW injection. This study focuses on how the Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agent performs in modifying rock surface charge. The impact of concentration, brine salinity, potential determining ions (PDIs), oil presence, Fe3+ ions, and solution pH on the effectiveness of DTPA in altering rock surface charge was evaluated. Furthermore, wettability alteration and sand pack flooding tests were conducted to study the effect of DTPA on rock wettability and oil recovery. Results of wettability alteration, zeta potential, sand pack flooding experiments and ion concentration analysis are reported in this paper. The results showed that reducing salinity, increasing DTPA concentration, and raising solution pH changed rock wettability from oil-wetness towards water-wetness. The presence or absence of PDIs in the solution did not affect the performance of DTPA. However, by tripling the concentration of these ions in the solution, the performance of DTPA in changing rock surface charge was impaired. Based on the wettability alteration and zeta potential experiments, 5 wt% DTPA was determined as the optimum concentration. Subsequent flooding experiments revealed that injecting 5 wt% DTPA chelating agents into the sandstone sand pack after SW injection increased oil recovery from 48 % to 68.3 %. The analysis of ion concentrations also revealed a significant increase in the amount of calcium ions during the DTPA flooding, indicating the chelation of metal ions from both rock and solution and improving the wettability conditions.

Chelating agents reduce the salinity of seawater (SW) and mimic low salinity water (LSW) by binding metal ions in the solution and on the rock surface. This process decreases SW dilution costs and prevents scale formation while improving oil recovery without damaging the reservoir. This study investigates the impact of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agent on the reduction of interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and SW, without the use of additional chemicals. For the first time, we comprehensively analyzed how reservoir key parameters (concentration, salinity, temperature, and pH) affect the performance of DTPA in reducing IFT. Additionally, rock wettability alteration and sand pack flooding experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of DTPA on rock wettability and oil recovery. The results revealed that increasing the temperature to 75 °C and the concentration of DTPA to 5 wt% resulted in an IFT reduction to less than 1 mN/m, making the oil miscible in the DTPA solution. Salinity studies demonstrated that by increasing the solution salinity up to the optimal level, the IFT of oil/brine decreased. Furthermore, using 5 wt% DTPA solution altered the rock/oil contact angle from 143° (oil-wet) to 23° (strongly water-wet), highlighting the effect of DTPA on rock wettability alteration. Based on these findings, 5 wt% DTPA was selected as the optimal concentration, resulting in an increase in oil recovery up to 20.3% of original oil in place (OOIP) after SW injection. Elemental analysis of DTPA flooding effluent also confirmed the chelation of metal ions from rock and solution.

Objective One of the most powerful and yet unknown methods of finding new policyholders is customer referral. In the opinion of many experts, insurance referral sales or attracting insurance referral policyholders is the best way to sell insurance and the most powerful customer acquisition tool, so the insurance industry leaders have named it "referral miracle". Methodology The current research was conducted with the purpose of explaining the pattern of influencing factors on customer reference in the insurance industry, using the Delphi technique. The population of this study consists of academic experts and senior managers of insurance companies that using the purposeful sampling method, 8 academic experts and 12 senior managers and expert experts of insurance companies and 3 marketers and sales experts, were selected as Delphi expert panel members. The tools of data collection in this research are library studies and Delphi questionnaire. Findings In this study, collecting data by using the library method, reviewing the texts and viewing done. These data as factors related to the Customer referral, they were considered the basis of the Delphi method. Then, the Delphi questionnaire was sent to them in three stages to get the opinions of the expert panel members, and it was studied and revised. Conclusion The identified items were classified in the form of 5 categories of factors related to customers, factors related to the company, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer reference and were presented in the framework of the research model.

The present study aims to design a brand model in the social manufacturing efficiency of the domestic clothing industry. The present study has a descriptive-explanatory design. The qualitative data required for the interview were collected from social manufacturing activists in the textile industry. Sampling in this study was done using theoretical sampling method. To design a brand model in the social production efficiency of the domestic clothing industry, Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory was used. Based on the results of open and axial coding, the factors of communication networks, industry dynamics, branding goals and motivations, social production associations and authorities’ support are among the causal factors. Capacities of participation, brand development, legal frameworks, agile organizational structure, training capacities of branding and ideation capabilities in branding are in the category of requirements. Legal ownership challenges, management challenges, planning challenges and unpredictable developments are among the intervening factors. Also, custom manufacturing, improving the quality of services, improving relations with the target market, developing brand research activities, increasing organizational agility, developing ideas to increase brand power, developing partnership networks and integrating micro-social producers are among the most important strategies. Reducing costs, increasing profitability, optimal planning and development of communication channels are among the most important consequences of the research model.

Abstract Background Hearing loss is the second most common chronic disease, the diagnosis and treatment of which can be faster through screening. In addition, early interventions will save significant costs for the education and health systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hearing screening for primary school children in Shiraz. Methods This cross-sectional economic evaluation of cost-effectiveness was conducted from the perspective of the health system. The study population comprised all seven-year-old children participating in the screening program in Shiraz. The present study dealt only with direct costs. The expected costs and outcomes, as well as the ICER index were estimated using the decision tree model. The study outcomes included averted disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and true identification of hearing loss cases. The robustness of the results was evaluated using the one-way sensitivity analysis. The TreeAge 2020 and Excel 2016 software were also used to analyze the collected data. Results The hearing screening data obtained during 6 years (2015–2020) showed that every year, an average of 22,853 children in Shiraz were examined for hearing, of which 260 were true positive (%1.1). The costs of screening and lack of screening were estimated at $30.32 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and $13.75 PPP per child, respectively. The averted DALY due to performing hearing screening was estimated at 7 years for each child. The ICER was positive and equal to $ 0.06 PPP for the identified cases and $ 2.37 PPP per averted DALY. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusions According to the results, although hearing screening for primary school children had more costs and effectiveness, it was considered cost-effective. Therefore, universal screening with high quality and accuracy is recommended.