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In the wake of China's "Double Reduction" policy, the prohibition of after-school tutoring centers has led to a rise in parental assistance in their children's homework, concurrently elevating parental anxiety as homework assistant. This research aims to explore the effect of parental self-efficacy on the parental anxiety as homework assistant of elementary students in the context of China's "Double Reduction" policy, particularly focusing on the mediating role of effective homework management by parents. Through a questionnaire survey involving 1032 parents of first through sixth graders in China, this study discovered a significant effect of parental self-efficacy on parental anxiety as homework assistant. It was observed that environment–time and motivation–emotion management mediated the relationship between their self-efficacy and parental anxiety as homework assistant. Notably, a high degree of parental self-efficacy tends to exacerbate educational anxiety by enhancing their focus on environment–time management, while simultaneously, it can mitigate this anxiety by cultivating better motivation–emotion management. These findings shed light on novel strategies to alleviate parental anxiety, offering significant insights for the effective homework management of children' homework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Methods Results Discussion Studies have shown that early weight gain in family‐based treatment (FBT) predicts treatment response in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, research examining factors associated with early weight gain in FBT is limited. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes.Using multiple methods, quantitative (EMA) and qualitative (interviews) data were collected in the first 4 weeks of FBT. Participants (11 families; 9 adolescents, 19 parents/caregivers) completed EMA assessments daily on the emotional climate during meals, parental strategies and confidence/agreement in renourishment. Qualitative interviews obtained technological and procedural data using EMA. Completion rates and markers of change were explored using repeated measures ANOVA. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.The EMA completion rate for all family members was 78%: 84% for adolescents, 83% for mothers, 64% for fathers. Results demonstrated changes in caregivers' use of renourishment strategies and in the emotional climate (decreased anger) at mealtimes. No changes were observed in caregiver confidence/agreement in renourishment. Qualitative analyses revealed factors interfering with and facilitating the use of EMA.EMA is an acceptable and feasible tool for use with adolescents and their families in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes. Future research is needed with larger sample sizes to examine the mechanisms of change in early FBT, and the utility of EMA as a clinical tool in FBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between parenthood, parental self-efficacy, and life satisfaction depends on several factors, such as financial burden, time investment and children's challenging behaviour. Parental self-efficacy may play a mediating role in the relationship between life satisfaction and mental health. Hence, this research seeks (1) to examine the relationship between gendered parenting and childcare self-efficacy and life satisfaction in Colombian mothers of children aged 0–5 years, and (2) to establish the possible moderating effect of gender role-based parenting on the relationship between parental self-efficacy and life satisfaction. We used life satisfaction as an indicator of mental health. Psychometric analyses of the scales were performed using structural equation modelling and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, and gamma regression models were used to evaluate the study hypotheses. The findings indicate that parental sexism and maternal self-efficacy significantly influence women's life satisfaction, with differences based on urban versus rural residence and education level, highlighting the complex relationship between gender norms, parental self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives In the present era, parents frequently stigmatize themselves for their children’s negative behaviors and inadequate social skills. Parents’ self-stigma (PSS) may lead to a decrease in parental self-efficacy and quality of marital and family life. In light of these reasons, the principal objective of this study to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PSS Scale (PSSS) as developed by Eaton et al. (2019) and to investigate the indirect effect that parenting stress has on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Methods We collected data from a total of 1,118 parents via random sampling, with the first part of the study involving 645 participants (M age = 32.64 ± 7.28) and the second part of the study involving 473 participants (M age = 27.43 ± 9.87). In the first part of the study, we employed structural equation modeling for the confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the criterion-related validity, average variance extracted, and composite reliability analyses. Moreover, we calculated Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Guttman split-half coefficients for the reliability analyses. In the second part of the study, we utilized Hayes’ bootstrapping method to assess the indirect effect of parenting stress on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Results The first part of the study confirms the PSSS’s 11-item, 3-factor structure, showing the Turkish form to have acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, and found Cronbach’s alpha for the PSSS to be 0.89. Furthermore, the first part of the study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between marital life satisfaction and PSS. Meanwhile, the second part of the study has determined PSS to be positively related to parenting stress and negatively related to parental self-efficacy. The second part of the study also indicates parenting stress to have an indirect effect on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Conclusions The study indicates the Turkish version of the PSSS to be a valid and reliable instrument in Turkish culture for measuring parents’ PSS levels regarding their children, with higher scores indicating greater PSS. The scale can be effectively used in both research and clinical settings. The study also suggests parental stress to have a possible impact on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, addressing the variables of PSS and parenting stress in family-focused interviews and therapeutic interventions may contribute to increasing parental self-efficacy.

Objectives: In the present era, parents frequently stigmatize themselves for their children's negative behaviors and inadequate social skills. Parents' self-stigma (PSS) may lead to a decrease in parental self-efficacy and quality of marital and family life. In light of these reasons, the principal objective of this study to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PSS Scale (PSSS) as developed by Eaton et al. (2019) and to investigate the indirect effect that parenting stress has on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Methods: We collected data from a total of 1,118 parents via random sampling, with the first part of the study involving 645 participants (Mage = 32.64 ± 7.28) and the second part of the study involving 473 participants (Mage = 27.43 ± 9.87). In the first part of the study, we employed structural equation modeling for the confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient for the criterion-related validity, average variance extracted, and composite reliability analyses. Moreover, we calculated Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and Guttman split-half coefficients for the reliability analyses. In the second part of the study, we utilized Hayes' bootstrapping method to assess the indirect effect of parenting stress on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Results: The first part of the study confirms the PSSS's 11-item, 3-factor structure, showing the Turkish form to have acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, and found Cronbach's alpha for the PSSS to be 0.89. Furthermore, the first part of the study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between marital life satisfaction and PSS. Meanwhile, the second part of the study has determined PSS to be positively related to parenting stress and negatively related to parental self-efficacy. The second part of the study also indicates parenting stress to have an indirect effect on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Conclusions: The study indicates the Turkish version of the PSSS to be a valid and reliable instrument in Turkish culture for measuring parents' PSS levels regarding their children, with higher scores indicating greater PSS. The scale can be effectively used in both research and clinical settings. The study also suggests parental stress to have a possible impact on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, addressing the variables of PSS and parenting stress in family-focused interviews and therapeutic interventions may contribute to increasing parental self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which explored the link between maternal and paternal parenting self-efficacy (PSE) and the perceptions of their own parenting. Topics include associations between PSE and adolescent adjustment, gender considerations, and linear regression models with adolescents' outcomes as dependent variables.

It is widely acknowledged that parents' beliefs about their competence to parent (i.e., parental self-efficacy; PSE) influence an array of important outcomes, such as parenting behaviours, and parents' and children's psychological functioning. PSE is essential in parental navigation of day-to-day activities, and has thus been studied across multiple domains. One domain which, surprisingly, has received little attention is how competent parents feel to manage their children's emotions (i.e., emotion socialization-related PSE). To supplement the extant utilization of quantitative methodology, and to investigate PSE in the context of emotion socialization, we qualitatively investigated parents' beliefs about their competence to teach and handle their children's emotions. Given that men and women often occupy distinct roles informed by gender differentiated sociocultural norms, we also uniquely examined and compared mothers' and fathers' perspectives on emotion socialization-related PSE. Mothers (n = 40) and fathers (n = 42) of children between the ages of 8 to 12 discussed PSE in focus groups. Content analysis explicated the nature of emotion socialization-related PSE as well as six factors that bolster and diminish PSE. Similar categories emerged for mothers and fathers, with some notable gender differences in the extent to which certain facilitators (i.e., emotion skills, resources, social support and the parent-child relationship) and barriers (i.e., inadequate resources) were described as influential in PSE. Findings are discussed in light of their possible clinical utility in tailoring parenting interventions and future research directions. Highlights: Mothers and fathers similarly described emotion socialization-related PSE, and associated supports and hinderances. Almost half of parents (45%) expressed concern about their ability to teach and handle their children's emotions. Fathers emphasized the role of emotion skills and a strong parent-child relationship in bolstering PSE. Mothers emphasized the role of resources and social support in bolstering PSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental self‐efficacy (PSE) is a pivotal determinant of change in children's adjustment. However, not only has previous research shown that PSE plays a protective role for children's rule‐breaking (RB) behaviours (i.e., parent‐driven process), but RB also can reduce parents' PSE over‐time (i.e., child‐driven process). This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations between PSE and RB behaviours by disentangling maternal from paternal influences and between‐ from within‐person effects. In the present seven‐wave longitudinal study involving 200 Italian children (T1: Mage = 9.80, SD = 0.65; 50.5% girls), their mothers (N = 200) and fathers (N = 190), two random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models (one for mothers and one for fathers) were used to explore whether: (a) stable parts of PSE and RB were related to each other, (b) higher levels of PSE were associated with lower levels of RB at a given time point, and (c) higher levels of PSE at a given time point were associated with future lower levels of RB. Results provided evidence both for a parent‐ and a child‐driven process between mothers' PSE and children's RB behaviours. However, these results were not replicated for fathers. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to enhance the interpretability and clinical utility of the strength and stressors in parenting (SSF) questionnaire, a parent‐reported questionnaire designed to assess strength, stress and associated risks of mental ill‐health in parents of children with developmental disabilities. Responses to the SSF and a demographic questionnaire were collected from 576 parents of children with (n = 203) and without (n = 373) developmental disabilities. To enhance the interpretability of the SSF, a subset of 129 parents were invited to complete an additional questionnaire consisting of three free‐text questions regarding recent help‐seeking behavior, experiences of mental ill‐health and experiences of parenthood. Parents' responses to the free‐text questions were then categorized as indicative of higher or lower degrees of stress and compared to their SSF score distribution to derive empirical cut‐offs for strength, stress and risk of mental ill‐health as measured by the SSF. The credibility of these cut‐offs was evaluated by comparing the cut‐offs with SSF scores collected from the other 447 parents. Finally, SSF scores from parents of children without developmental disabilities (n = 373) were used to generate percentile values for the SSF to enable a standardized interpretation of SSF scores. To increase the utility of the SSF, we examined a recurring pattern of missing answers to items 23 and 33–38, noted in previous studies of the SSF and repeated in the present study. These items were excluded from further analysis since our examination revealed that they were not missing at random but rather constituted real differences in parental experiences, such as receiving a healthcare allowance, or caring for more than one child. The proposed empirical cut‐offs performed well in discriminating between the two groups and yielded a specificity of 77–89% and a sensitivity of 68–76% for the strength, stress and risk of mental ill‐health subscales of the SSF. This study also presents a conversion chart associating each SSF score with a corresponding percentile value. We propose modifications to the SSF, whereby items 23 and 33–38 are excluded, which will enable a more reliable assessment of parental experiences. This will, together with the empirical cut‐offs and percentile values, enhance the interpretability and clinical utility of the SSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental self-efficacy (PSE) assesses a parent's expectations and beliefs about their ability to effectively parent their child. PSE has implications for a parent's well-being, parenting practices, mental health, the parent–child relationship, and child adjustment. While PSE has been extensively examined within the broader parenting literature, the examination of PSE specifically for parents of autistic children has gained increasing attention in recent years. The following systematic review aimed to investigate the role of PSE for parents of autistic children by examining variables that predict PSE or are predicted by PSE in relation to how they align with the broader parenting literature and are unique to autism. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed articles were included if (a) participants included caregivers of autistic children, (b) at least one quantitative outcome measure of PSE was utilized, and (c) the role of PSE was examined as an outcome, predictor, or variable in an explanatory model. A total of 53 studies were included in the review and the role of PSE was examined regarding family (e.g., parental characteristics, parent stress, well-being, and support) and child factors (e.g., autism symptomology, problem behaviors, interventions). Several themes emerged including a positive relationship between PSE and support, and a negative relationship between PSE and parenting stress, parent mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression), and autism symptomology. Findings were compared to the broader parenting and PSE literature to examine how increased considerations and challenges (e.g., child problem behaviors, social impairment, and caregiver strain) associated with raising an autistic child might impact PSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify geographic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated with parental self‐efficacy in a diverse cohort of deaf or hard‐of‐hearing (DHH) children. Study Design: Cross‐sectional study. Setting: Tertiary children's hospital. Methods: Four hundred forty parents of DHH children aged 0 to 17 completed the 25‐item Scale of Parental Involvement and Self‐Efficacy (SPISE) survey from 2014 to 2022. Residential addresses were geocoded and assigned Area Deprivation Index and Social Vulnerability Index rankings, and univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using sociodemographic and clinical variables, including sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, survey language, age at the survey, comorbidities, newborn hearing screening results, and hearing loss laterality and severity. Results: Compared to English and Spanish‐speaking parents, Chinese‐speaking parents were associated with overall lower parental self‐efficacy and involvement (regression coefficient = −0.518, [−0.929, −0.106]), Cohen's d = 0.606) and lower scores on items related to their ability to affect multiple aspects of their child's development and expression of thoughts as well as competency in checking and putting on their child's sensory device. Across univariable and multivariable analyses, besides Chinese language, all other sociodemographic, clinical, and geographic variables were not associated with SPISE score. Conclusion: To achieve the best patient outcomes, care teams can use the SPISE to evaluate parental self‐efficacy and provide targeted support to parents at risk for having lower knowledge and confidence scores about critical skills necessary to facilitate their child's auditory access and language development. Notably, this study found similar reports of parental efficacy across various sociodemographic, clinical, and geographic variables but significantly lower SPISE scores in Chinese‐speaking families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveParental self-efficacy in the domain of weight restoration for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders is central to success in family-based interventions. We sought to characterize this parental self-efficacy during a brief hospitalization for medical stabilization and follow-up among patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN (AAN) enrolled in the StRONG clinical trial to understand the potential impact of inpatient treatment on caregiver empowerment.MethodsPatients were enrolled upon hospital admission and refed per protocol. We examined correlates of the Parents Versus Anorexia (PVA) scale, a measure of parental self-efficacy in the domain of weight restoration, at admission, discharge, 10-days, 1-month, and 3-months post-discharge. Multi-level models evaluated associations among PVA scores and change in %median BMI and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global scores over 3-months post-discharge.ResultsParents of N = 67 adolescents and young adults M(SD) age 15.79 (2.20) years and 85.00 (11.86) %median BMI participated. PVA scores did not change significantly during hospitalization (p = .053), which lasted on average 10.7 ± 4.5 days. PVA scores increased post-discharge (p = .009), with significant increase between discharge and 1-month post-discharge (p = .045). PVA scores were not associated with subsequent clinical outcomes. Rather, a main effect of time significantly predicted higher %median BMI and improved EDE-Q scores (p

Abstract Background Many parents report the transition from hospital to home as challenging after the birth of a preterm-born child. This study investigates parental perceptions of community-based follow-up services after hospital discharge, alterations in parental self-efficacy during the early months at home, the prevalence of depressive symptoms among parents, and the relationship between these factors and both NICU experiences and children’s regulative behaviors. Methods In this second phase of a descriptive study, 110 parents returned a digital questionnaire when their child was four months corrected for prematurity. Parents were recruited while hospitalized with their child, in one of eight Norwegian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Thus, the study provides insight into follow-up services across a broad geographical range. Parents’ perception of self-efficacy was reported on the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Children’s regulative behavior was reported on the 6-month version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social and Emotional (ASQ: SE). Using SPSS, associations between variables were investigated in multiple regression analysis in addition to descriptive analysis. Additionally, the examination of repeated measures of parental self-efficacy involved the application of linear mixed models. Results Parents reported improved perception of self-efficacy from postdischarge to the children’s age of four months (F (1,167) = 1233.2, p

This study explores the effects of parental training programs on enhancing parental self-efficacy and its impact on couple and relationship satisfaction in Romania. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 41 parents who reported low satisfaction levels. Participants underwent a three-month intervention featuring structured parenting programs designed to boost confidence and effectiveness. Pre- and post-intervention measurements used scales like the General Self-Efficacy Scale adapted for parents, the Couple Satisfaction Index, and the Relationship Satisfaction scale. Results showed significant improvements in parental self-efficacy and relationship satisfaction in the experimental group compared to a control group. These findings highlight the role of parental self-efficacy in improving relationship quality and advocate for culturally tailored, targeted interventions to enhance family dynamics. The study suggests further research into the long-term effects of such interventions across diverse populations, underscoring their transformative potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self‐efficacy, sexual abuse‐related anxiety and belief levels of the parents of children receiving special education support. The study was descriptively conducted with the parents of 141 students who received special education in primary school in Kayseri in the 2021–2022 academic year. Parent information form, Parental Beliefs Form on Child Sexual Abuse (PBFCSA), Sexual Abuse Parental Anxiety Scale (SAPAS) and Parental Self‐Efficacy Instrument for Children with Disabilities (PSICD) were used in the study. Independent samples t test, Pearson rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. In the study, statistically significant and positive correlations were found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse (r = 0.318; 95% CI [0.188, 0.438]), between anxiety about sexual abuse and parental self‐efficacy (r = 0.389; 95% CI [0.213, 0.531]) and between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and parental self‐efficacy (r = 0.324; 95% CI [0.116, 0.514]). In the study, it was found that 24.4% of parental anxiety was explained by parental self‐efficacy, beliefs about sexual abuse, parent status, working status and age. In the study, a weak but positive and significant relationship was found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse. It is recommended that studies should be conducted to determine appropriate coping methods for parents' concerns about sexual abuse and to monitor changes in their beliefs and self‐efficacy. In addition, it is predicted that applied studies addressing self‐efficacy and beliefs should be conducted to understand how levels of anxiety might be reduced.Key Practitioner Messages: Beliefs about sexual abuse and parental self‐efficacy have an effect on parents' anxiety about sexual abuse.Parents' sexual beliefs should be changed in order to reduce their concerns about sexual abuse.Increasing parents' self‐efficacy and changing their sexual beliefs will provide positive contributions for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) benefits children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence suggests that some barriers impede parents from providing PA support for their children with ASD. Parental perceived stigma is one of these barriers. However, few studies have explored how parental perceived stigma influences parental PA support. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy, and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not. A total of 274 participants were recruited to participate in the study. The results showed that parental self-efficacy mediated the association between parental perceived stigma and parental PA support and the moderating effect of having other typically developing children or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main caregivers and each child’s first teachers are represented by parents, which greatly influence their development, educational path, and behaviour. Parental competence represents a fundamental coordination in raising and educating children. This research investigates the impact of parental self-efficacy, parental competence, and on children's academic results and development. The present study is based on 609 participants who fulfill the role of parent. A psychometric analysis was made to measure the influence of these concepts on the children's level of education. Correlations were calculated, and the results indicate empirical evidence that the level of parental competence is correlated negatively with the level of parental stress (r = - .371, p<.01). Also, a low level of parental self-efficacy was associated with a higher level of parental stress (r =.05, p<.214) was found as well. In this study, the importance of the influence of parental stress was highlighted, impacting the psychological health of parents and children. Reducing the negative effects of stress can be achieved by using some coping strategies, such as requesting social support, which can lead to the selection of appropriate strategies for the harmonious development of the child and ensuring a quality education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of parental characteristics on mental health outcomes of early adolescents have been robustly examined in the West. However, the extent to which two salient parental characteristics, specifically parental self-efficacy (PSE) and parenting behaviours (PB) influence early adolescents' mental health particularly emotional-behavioural problems and competence are scarcely explored among Asian households. Hence, this study examined the linkages between PSE, PB (i.e., warmth, monitoring, harsh discipline, and indigenous), and early adolescents' mental health (i.e., emotional-behavioural problems and competence) from the perspective of Malaysian parents. The mediating role of PB on the relationships between PSE and early adolescents' mental health was also examined. Sample comprised 478 Malaysian parents of children aged between 10 and 14 years old. Parents completed a self-report online survey regarding their PSE and PB as well as child's mental health. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis indicated that PSE was positively related to parental warmth, monitoring, and indigenous parenting which predicted better early adolescents' mental health, but negatively related to parental harsh discipline that predicted poorer early adolescents' mental health. Results also show that high PSE is related to less emotional-behavioural problems and more competence among early adolescents. Finally, the role of warmth, monitoring, and harsh discipline parenting was established as the mediators between the relationships between PSE and early adolescents' mental health. The findings imply that parents' belief in their ability to perform their parenting roles and the way they behave in their parenting could have a direct and indirect impact on their offspring's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many parents report the transition from hospital to home as challenging after the birth of a preterm-born child. This study investigates parental perceptions of community-based follow-up services after hospital discharge, alterations in parental self-efficacy during the early months at home, the prevalence of depressive symptoms among parents, and the relationship between these factors and both NICU experiences and children's regulative behaviors. Methods: In this second phase of a descriptive study, 110 parents returned a digital questionnaire when their child was four months corrected for prematurity. Parents were recruited while hospitalized with their child, in one of eight Norwegian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Thus, the study provides insight into follow-up services across a broad geographical range. Parents' perception of self-efficacy was reported on the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Children's regulative behavior was reported on the 6-month version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social and Emotional (ASQ: SE). Using SPSS, associations between variables were investigated in multiple regression analysis in addition to descriptive analysis. Additionally, the examination of repeated measures of parental self-efficacy involved the application of linear mixed models. Results: Parents reported improved perception of self-efficacy from postdischarge to the children's age of four months (F (1,167) = 1233.2, p < 0.001). On average, fathers' self-efficacy improved more than that of mothers. Parents' perception of being well informed prior to discharge from hospital predicted improved self-efficacy (F [1, 29] = 10.4, p = 0.003). Reports of depressive symptoms were at a similar level as previously reported among new parents, as 10.4% of mothers and 6.7% of fathers reported EPDS scores ≥ 10 points. Parents' reports on ASQ: SE show that 15% of the children scored above the recommended cutoff score for three- to nine-month-old children. The parent-reported benefit of follow-up services showed considerable variation. The importance of specific knowledge about prematurity among public health nurses and physicians was frequently mentioned, and public health nurses were perceived as coordinators and mediators of various services. Conclusions: Parents reported improved self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms at similar levels as new parents in general, a few months after discharge from hospital. Childrens' regulatory behavior were reported at levels comparable with term-born infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased parental self-efficacy has been found to have positive effects on parental skills and stress levels, as well as behavioural outcomes for children. This is particularly relevant in relation to neurodivergent children and young people, who tend to present with more behavioural challenges related to emotion regulation difficulties. To assist with the issue of long wait times, a pilot parent group intervention was delivered to parents of children awaiting neurodevelopmental assessment who were presenting with emotion regulation difficulties. The aim of this study was to increase parental self-efficacy. Method: Psychoeducational parent group sessions were delivered online over five sessions to nine families. The sessions included psychoeducation around emotion regulation difficulties and strategies for managing these at home. Results: Parental self-efficacy scores significantly increased following intervention. Conclusions: Parental self-efficacy can be increased via group psychoeducation sessions aimed at understanding and improving emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of single-session therapy (SST) delivered within walk-in counseling clinics. The purpose of this mixed-methods case study is to investigate two aspects of a virtual SST experience for parents seeking services: (a) how parents perceived their parenting self-efficacy following SST at a children's mental health center and (b) how parents perceived their overall experience with the virtual modality of SST. Eight parents (all mothers) completed a parent self-efficacy scale and participated in a semistructured individual interview. Findings indicate that virtual SST provided parents with greater parental knowledge and concrete collaborative problem-solving strategies that improved parent-child interactions. The emotional support received at the SST reduced parents' distress while increasing hopefulness in the parenting role. Parents also valued the accessibility and convenience of the virtual option. Overall, the findings of this study provide evidence that virtual SST can be beneficial for parents and supportive of their self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.72 years of age at T1 (51.2% girls). Parents were from nine countries (12 ethnic/cultural groups), which were categorized into those with a predominant collectivistic (i.e., China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Jordan) or individualistic (i.e., Italy, Sweden, and USA) cultural orientation based on Hofstede's Individualism Index (Hofstede Insights, 2021). Latent growth curve analyses supported the hypothesis that parental self-efficacy would decline as children transition into adolescence only for parents from more individualistic countries; parental self-efficacy increased over the same years among parents from more collectivistic countries. Secondary exploratory analyses showed that some demographic characteristics predicted the level and trajectory of parental self-efficacy differently for parents in more individualistic and more collectivistic countries. Results suggest that declines in parental self-efficacy documented in previous research are culturally influenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/BackgroundDesign/MethodsResultsConclusionBoth mental maternal health and breastfeeding difficulties impact maternal and infant health. The present study analyses the association between psychosocial and breastfeeding variables and maternal mental health.The participants were 107 first-time mothers from Chile. Sociodemographic variables and breastfeeding difficulties were assessed at 6 weeks postpartum. Depression and anxiety symptoms, parental self-efficacy, and perceived social support were measured using validated, self-report questionnaires at 6 weeks and 5 months postpartum. This study is a secondary analysis of an intervention trial.76% of the women reported having experienced some breastfeeding difficulty in the first postpartum weeks. The number of breastfeeding difficulties was associated with maternal mental health symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum and parental self-efficacy at both assessment times. Women who did not experience breastfeeding difficulties presented significantly fewer depressive (t(102) = 2.5, p = .015) and anxiety symptoms (t(50) = 2.3, p = .028) at 6 weeks postpartum than those who did. Mothers who exclusively breastfed at 5 months postpartum presented significantly higher parental self-efficacy (t(94) = 2.4, p = .044). A higher number of breastfeeding difficulties and low perceived social support contributed to higher depressive symptoms (R2 = .30; F(3,103) = 14.6, p < .001), anxiety symptoms (R2 = .32, F(3.103) = 17.27, p < .001) and lower parental self-efficacy at 6 weeks postpartum (R2 = .39; F(2,103) = 9.4, p < .001).Breastfeeding difficulties and social support are associated with fewer mental health symptoms and higher parental self-efficacy during early postpartum in first-time mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions are raised about the potential effects of (future) mothers' regular exposure to the perfect representations of motherhood by mommy influencers. Due to the regular exposure, mothers might see these images as the norm but are not always able to meet with these standards themselves. Based on a survey among mothers and primigravida this study analyzed the association between visiting mommy influencer profiles on Instagram, comparing oneself with these online mothers and perceived parental self-efficacy. For mothers, it was found that both exposure to the content and comparison with the mommy influencers were related to lower perceived parental self-efficacy. For primigravida, the direction of the relationship was different: Regular exposure to mommy influencer content was related to higher parental self-efficacy, meaning that this exposure was helpful. The implications of this study for (future) mothers, mommy influencers, and practitioners who guide mothers through the transition to motherhood will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overparenting refers to developmentally inappropriate and excessive parental involvement in the child's life, which is most often studied in the context of relationships between parents and young adult children. Driven by emerging research evidence suggesting that overparenting's manifestation and significance could vary dependent on the child's developmental stage, the current study is the first to examine the phenomenon in the context of parent-child relationship in parents of elementary school age children. The sample comprised 306 parents (51% mothers) of at least one elementary school child, who, using a battery of valid instruments, self-reported their overparenting practices, parent-child relationship (satisfaction, positive involvement, communication), and two central parental psychological characteristics (subjective well-being, parental self-efficacy). The results of a structural equation model indicated that the maternal and paternal overparenting latent construct was strongly associated with the latent construct of parent-child relationship which, in turn, was positively associated with both subjective parental well-being and self-efficacy (i.e., parent-child relationship significantly mediated the association between overparenting and parental psychological characteristics). These findings applied similarly for both parents, although were somewhat more noticeable for fathers than for mothers. Subject to the study's limitations, we cautiously concluded that in certain developmental conditions (i.e., young school age), overparenting practices could be normative and even authoritative-like parenting. Highlights: Maternal and paternal overparenting was strongly associated with positive parent-child relationship. The parent-child relationship significantly mediated the association between overparenting and parental psychological characteristics. In the context of elementary school age children, overparenting practices could be normative and even authoritative-like. The findings applied similarly for both parents, with somewhat more noticeable associations observed for fathers than for mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the development of perceived parental self-efficacy in school-related performance (PPSE-School; i.e., parents' beliefs in their capabilities to positively affect their children's academic experience) during secondary school as well as its longitudinal associations with adolescents' academic achievement at the end of secondary school. Participants were 482 (53.9% boys) Italian adolescents and their parents (376 mothers; 106 fathers). PPSE-School was measured across three-time points over 3 years, when adolescents attended grades six (T1), seven (T2), and eight (T3) of secondary school. Adolescents' school grades were collected at the beginning and the end of secondary school. Second Order Latent Growth Curve Modeling indicated a linear decrease in PPSE-School over the transition to secondary school. The slope of PPSE-School positively predicted students' academic achievement in grade eight while controlling for grade six academic achievement, students' gender, socio-economic status, and the type of school. The study implications are discussed. Highlights: This study aims at examining the development of parental self-efficacy during secondary school. Latent curve modeling indicated a linear decrease in parental self-efficacy. Higher increases in parental self-efficacy predicted higher academic performance. Results support the importance of parents' beliefs in helping students succeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the involvement of a parent in their child's learning processes, particularly, their help-giving orientation while learning at home. The main goal of the study was to identify the connection between the parent's personal characteristics and the help-giving orientation the parent provides to their child: autonomous vs. dependent (parent as student) help-giving. The sample was collected using online participant recruitment surveys in Israel. In total, 306 parents aged 27–59, who had at least one child in elementary school, answered five questionnaires measuring the research variables: the short grit scale; the satisfaction with life scale; the advice/affect management–overparenting subscale; the parenting sense of competence scale; the parental help-giving orientations scale (PHGOs), and a background questionnaire. The findings identified negative associations between parental personal characteristics (grit, advice/affect management, well-being) and parent-as-student orientation and positive associations between the parent's characteristics and parental autonomous help-giving orientation, with all of these effects at least partially mediated by parental self-efficacy (indirect effects). The results provide greater insight into the relationship between a parent's personal characteristics and their choice of assistance to their child and contribute to the knowledge regarding parental involvement in learning at home and educational contexts in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social support is a valuable resource for immigrant parents to maintain their parental self-efficacy and fulfill childrearing duties. Using data from a sample of first-generation Asian American immigrant parents of multiple ethnic groups who were born outside the United States (N = 670), this study examined the relationships among social support, parental self-efficacy, and nurturing parenting behaviors. The analysis revealed that positive parenting behaviors, measured by parental nurturance, were positively associated with social support. When analyzing the sources of social support separately, we found a significant association between parental nurturance and family support, but no significant associations were observed with partner or friends' support. Parental self-efficacy played a significant mediating role in the relationship between family support and parental nurturance. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and policy interventions that address the needs of first-generation Asian American parents, the fastest growing ethnic minority group in the U.S. Highlights: This analysis encompassed the childrearing experiences of 670 Asian American immigrant parents who were foreign-born Parental self-efficacy and family support were positively associated with parental nurturance of children Parental self-efficacy was found to play a significant mediating role in the relationship between family support and parental nurturance Giving due attention to family support in service provision is vital for enhancing self-efficacy and nurturance among Asian American immigrant parents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are embedded in their relational context and depend on it for their survival and development. However, sometimes this relational context is harmful which can result in a child or young person being placed in care. Children who have experienced neglect or abuse have usually experienced a lack of attunement and intersubjectivity which can lead to developmental/relational trauma. Therefore, attachment-based interventions are recommended for this cohort of children. Other family members are the preferred alternative carers when children are placed into care and, if suitable, can become kinship carers. However, there is currently a gap in knowledge around kinship care, even though it is the most prevalent alternative care arrangement. Furthermore, there are complexities specific to kinship care. Video Interaction Guidance is an attachment-based, strengths focused intervention which uses video feedback to micro analyse moments of attuned interactions. The following paper will discuss a single case study where a kinship carer engaged in a Video Interaction Guidance intervention to increase parental self-efficacy. It demonstrates how video feedback can effectively challenge dominant narratives through focusing on what is already present. In this case study, it led to increased parental self-efficacy and positive outcomes for the children, especially in terms of lowering aggression in one child. This paper highlights how Video Interaction Guidance can be of benefit to increasing parental self-efficacy and is a suitable attachment-based intervention for school-aged children in kinship care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to parenthood is complex and influenced by interacting factors related to society, the parents and the child. Professional support is considered to be one of the societal factors affecting this transition by facilitating parents' sense of confidence and their competence as parents. In this study, we aimed to explore first-time parents' support needs and experiences of support from a child health service with the integrated New Families home visiting programme, in the context of their transition to parenthood in the first year postnatally. Interpretive description guided this qualitative study. Six couples and one mother, all well-educated and employed, were interviewed individually (N = 13). The parents were recruited from the research project 'New Families – Innovation and Development of the Child Health Service in Oslo'. We found that being a first-time parent is perceived as overwhelming and that defining support needs may be challenging, particularly in the first period postnatally. In addition, the support needs are constantly changing due to the complexity of interacting factors and the ongoing development of confidence in the parental role. Retrospectively, the parents were satisfied overall with the support from the child health service. The home visit during pregnancy facilitated management and relational and informational continuity. However, we identified a need for even more proactive information provision and communication to optimise the service's availability and efficiency postnatally. In addition, the importance of peers and of approaching both mothers and fathers must be acknowledged in facilitating parental confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Family Research (JFR) is the property of University of Bamberg Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Triple P (Primary Care and/or Group) parenting support program on various aspects of the parenting experience through a quasi-experimental pretest – post-test protocol with an active comparison group (Care as usual). A sample of 384 parents assigned to two groups (n Triple P = 291; n Care as usual = 93) completed three subscales of the Parenting Stress Index – 4 – Short Form (Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child) and the Parental Self-Agency Measure. The amount of intervention received by each parent was considered in the analyses. Path analysis showed that the type (Triple P vs Care as usual) and the amount of intervention (number of sessions attended) contributed independently to predicting changes in parenting experience between pretest and post-test. Receiving Triple P was systematically associated with more positive outcomes than receiving care as usual, whereas more intervention was positively associated with improved self-efficacy and parent-child relationship quality. Overall, the model explained between 4.0% and 12.6% of the variance in individual change, depending on the outcome, suggesting that unmeasured drivers of change came into play. A follow-up of parents in the Triple P group two to four years after the end of the program (n follow-up = 164) showed that the observed changes were maintained over time, with moderate to large effect sizes. These results help to broaden the evidence base on the effectiveness of this program in a sociocultural and linguistic context different from that in which it was developed. Highlights: This evaluative study of the Triple P program is distinguished by the use of an active comparison group and the consideration of the amount of intervention received. Triple P emerged as more effective than care as usual in reducing parental distress and in enhancing the parent-child relationship, the parent's perception of his/her child, and parental self-efficacy. Parents in the Triple P group received a higher amount of intervention than parents in the Care as usual group, which partly explained better outcomes. The changes observed in parents of the Triple P group significantly persisted over time, with moderate to large effect sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central theoretical assumption is that work-to-family conflicts are having a direct impact on parental self-efficacy, and thus, play an important role within the parent-child relationship. This study examines relationships between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, taking into account two potential moderators: gender and cultural differences between East and West Germany. We analyze data on 1746 employed mothers and fathers from three waves of the Pairfam study (2013, 2015, 2017), using cross-lagged panel models. The findings suggest that gender and cultural background moderate the relationship between work-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy, provided that the risk of reverse causality bias is not ignored. The findings show that work-to-family conflicts are associated with lower levels of parental self-efficacy for women, especially in West Germany. Future research can serve to illustrate how relationships between work-to-family conflicts and parental self-efficacy affect children's well-being and parent-child relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ahmet Kelesoglu Educational Faculty is the property of Journal of Ahmet Kelesoglu Educational Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The internet constitutes an important platform for parents to find information. How online information searching is linked to parental self-efficacy (PSE)—defined as parents' perceptions about their abilities to have a positive impact on their children—is still unknown. This two-wave study examined cross-lagged associations between PSE and parents' online information searching, as well as the prospective effect of perceived information overload on PSE and online information searching. Moreover, we examined whether these associations differed depending on the online context (governmental-run or nongovernmental-run websites). We used a sample of 214 parents of children (equal number of boys and girls) <4 years (85% of the parents were mothers and 93% were born in Sweden), who completed an online survey twice, 1 year apart. The results showed that parents who felt more efficacious at T1 reported a decrease in online information searching over time. The frequency of parents online searching, however, did not predict changes in PSE. In addition, the effects of information overload depended on the type of websites parents used. Among parents who used both types of websites to search for information, higher information overload was linked with increases in information searching and decreases in PSE over time. The results suggest that perceptions of low self-efficacy and feelings of overload might motivate parents to use the internet more to search for information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In digital societies, the use of smart devices to solve childcare problems has become commonplace. Mothers are influenced both positively and negatively by smart devices used to resolve childcare concerns. Focusing on parental self-efficacy, this study identified the factors associated with relief and anxiety caused by the use of smart devices to eliminate parenting concerns among mothers with infants. A random sampling cross-sectional survey was administered to 257 Japanese mothers with infants aged 6–11 months. Structural equation modeling was used to explain the relief and anxiety caused by their use of smart devices in terms of maternal demographics, parental self-efficacy, smart-device dependence, and confidence in their ability to discriminate information. Mothers with high parental self-efficacy experienced increased relief and reduced anxiety by using smart devices to address concerns about child-rearing practices. Mothers who were highly dependent on smart devices felt more secure with their use of smart devices. Homemakers and highly educated mothers who used smart devices because of concerns regarding child health and development experienced more anxiety. Parenting professionals need to recognize the effectiveness of smart devices as a tool to relieve anxiety in parenting and provide additional support for parents to improve their parenting self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19, the relationships among family members and the stress that accompanied have increasingly affected families. The first aim of this study is to test the effects of marital adjustment, perceived stress and parental self-efficacy of married couples on family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second aim of this study is to investigate whether or not family resilience, perceived stress, parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment differentiate depending on demographic and other variables in the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants consisted of 241 married individuals with at least one child between 4 and 18 years old, and data were collected online. It was found that when perceived stress increased, parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment decreased; besides, this perceived stress indirectly influenced family resilience through parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment. Similarly, it was found that pregnant participants experienced higher level of perception of stress during the COVID-19 period. It was found that the family resilience of participants who got support within the family was higher than participants who got support from outside the family. However, no differences were found between males and females. In stressful processes like the COVID-19 pandemic, each sub-system of the family (individual, couple and parent) has a significant role in the resilience level of the family as a whole. Future studies focus on experimental and can focus on programs prepared for family resilience. Intervention programs can be prepared related to stress perception, parental skills and marital adjustment of married couples and their influence on family resilience can be searched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) results in various functioning impairments in children's lives and families. Parents of children with ADHD report high levels of parenting stress, low levels of parental self-efficacy, and use of more authoritarian and/or permissive parenting practices than parents of typically developing children. Intervention programs need to address both children's and parents' needs and multimodal intervention programs could cover this demand. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of "Child ViReal Support Program"—a multi-level evidence-based comprehensive program—on parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, parenting practices, and the core symptoms of children's ADHD. Families with a child diagnosed with ADHD (n = 16) were randomly allocated to two groups (PC and CP; P = parent training, C = child training), and a cross-over design was utilized. Participating parents completed, in four different times during the study, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version, and the parent form of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Parents from both groups, after their participation in the parent training, demonstrated reduced parenting stress, enhanced parental self-efficacy, and increased the employ of democratic parenting practices. More than that, they reported decreased levels of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for their children. Evidence-based multi-level intervention programs could produce positive effects on parents and children by incorporating effective methods and tools in accordance with the needs and the demands of the family context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected the lives of mothers. This study seeks to investigate the stress that mothers experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic and their self-efficacy as parents in managing the impact of the disease. The study gathered longitudinal data from 603 German mothers (Mage = 40.5 years) with children requiring daily care during local lockdowns. The data were collected at two measurement points before and two measurement points during the pandemic. Using bivariate dual change score models, this study investigated the bidirectional relationship between both constructs, perceived stress and parental self-efficacy, by considering mothers' socioeconomic background as well as COVID-19 related perceptions. The results reveal bidirectional paths between mothers' perceived stress and parental self-efficacy. Mothers who evaluated the current situation as stressful appeared to be at risk of perceiving themselves as less effective in their parenting over time, but especially during the pandemic. In addition, mothers' levels of education and their subjective poverty was predictive of a general change in their levels of stress and parental self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

General self-efficacy is a motivating factor for action in the face of new and complex tasks, and this construct has been extended to feelings of efficaciousness in the transition to parenting (parental selfefficacy). Research on the relationship between an individual's general self-efficacy and their parental self-efficacy is limited. The present study was part of a doctoral dissertation and utilized a longitudinal and dyadic design to examine the relationship between general self-efficacy, parental self-efficacy, and mental health across the transition to parenthood among 24 heterosexual couples becoming parents for the first time. Results indicated that prenatal general self-efficacy predicted postnatal parental selfefficacy and that postnatal parental self-efficacy predicted postnatal anxiety and depression. This research provides considerations for further research and interventions aimed at boosting general self-efficacy for expecting parents as one way of promoting parental wellbeing in the postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents of young children who exhibit behavioral problems often experience lower marital satisfaction. In the present study we aimed to explore the association between preschool children's noncompliant behavior and marital satisfaction, and to explain it through the mediating role of parental self-efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. Participants were 188 married Israeli couples with a typically developing child aged 3 to 6, selected in a convenience sample. Mothers and fathers independently completed measures of child's behavior, marital satisfaction, parental self-efficacy, and satisfaction with parenting. Data were collected between September 2019 and February 2020 and were analyzed using the common fate model (CFM). Results indicate a direct, negative association between child's noncompliant behavior and marital satisfaction, which was fully explained by parental self-efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. The study suggests that both parents are affected by their young child's noncompliance, with a spillover effect from the parent–child relationship into the marital relationship. The findings highlight the importance of early treatment of children's noncompliance and indicate that interventions aimed at enhancing parents' self-efficacy and satisfaction, as well as the inclusion of both parents in treatment, may be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parental stress among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrumdisorder (ASD) is a significant concern. While previous research indicates that both family and child factors substantially influence parental stress, a few studies have comprehensively examined these factors from family, parent, and child perspectives. Moreover, the psychological mechanisms underlying parental stress remain underexplored. Method: This study obtained a valid sample of 478 primary caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD in China and employed mediation and moderated mediation analyses to investigate the relationships between family adaptability and cohesion (FAC), ASD severity, parental self-efficacy, and parental stress. Result: Results revealed that higher FAC was linked to reduced parental stress through increased parental self-efficacy. The indirect effect of parental self-efficacy wasmore substantial for caregivers of children with severe symptoms than those with mild symptoms. Discussion: These findings offer insights into how FAC influences parental stress and underscore the importance of parental self-efficacy as a coping resource for mitigating parental stress. This study provides valuable theoretical and practical implications for understanding and addressing parental stress, particularly in families raising children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parental self-efficacy (PSE) is an essential predictor of parenting practices and child development. The content-specificity of PSE is not well understood: Previous studies are based on either measure of general parental self-efficacy or task-specific parental self-efficacy but not measures of both constructs. Thus, we do not know how both constructs are related. With data from the "AQuaFam" study, we compared four-factor models to investigate the structure of PSE. It was a priority whether (1) task-specific and general PSE could be assessed separately or (2) be mapped in a hierarchical model with task-specific PSE factors and a superordinate factor of general PSE. A Chi-square test shows no significant model improvement, which indicates general and task-specific PSE being separate dimensions. US studies suggest that low-income parents, migrants, or parents with a lower educational status experience lower PSE. To adequately support these parents, we need to know whether differences according to families' background characteristics occur in task-specific and general PSE beliefs. We tested general PSE and PSE in four parenting tasks for differences according to families' background characteristics. Parents with a university degree they were self-efficacious in communicating responsible media use than parents without a university degree. Parents with a non-German family language they were self-efficacious in communicating a responsible media use, caring for a sick child, and in their general PSE compared to parents with German as a family language. The results of the group differences are discussed in the context of how to support different parent groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as a poor diet, inadequate physical activity, and excessive screen time have been shown to be established in childhood and track into adulthood, demonstrating the need for health promotion interventions in the pre-school years. The overall aim of this project is to: (i) evaluate the effectiveness of `Saga Stories in health talks´ within child healthcare (CHC) on parental self-efficacy to promote healthy diet, physical activity, and screen time behaviours in their child; children’s intake of key dietary indicators and screen time and (ii) evaluate and explore the implementation of `Saga Stories in health talks´ with regards to acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, adoption, sustainability, satisfaction, and usage. Methods A hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial will be conducted. A cluster randomized controlled trial will be used to assess the effectiveness of `Saga Stories in health talks´ in 42 CHC centers across six regions in Sweden. `Saga Stories in health talks´ consists of material for CHC nurses to use to facilitate the health talk with both the child and parent(s) and is complemented with take-home material. Parent and child dyads are recruited (n = 450) from participating CHC centers when they attend their 5-year routine visit. The intervention group receives the health talk using Saga Stories and take-home material, whereas the control group receives the standard health talk. The primary outcome is parental self-efficacy to promote healthy diet, physical activity, and screen time behaviours in their child and secondary outcomes include children’s intake of key dietary indicators and screen time. All outcomes are assessed at baseline and 2-months post-intervention. The implementation outcomes that will be assessed are: acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, satisfaction, usage, fidelity, adoption, and sustainability (assessed quantitatively and qualitatively). Discussion The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have identified the need of more material, education, and working methods for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours in CHC. Following this trial `Saga Stories in health talks´ has great potential to be implemented in CHC across Sweden to aid nurses to promote and support healthy lifestyle behaviours in pre-school children and their families. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05237362 . Registered 2 February 2022.