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AbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionPersonalized Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) are a cornerstone of pediatric asthma management. We aimed to assess parental knowledge and perceptions of the use of AAPs in managing their child’s asthma.In 2023 we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess knowledge and perceptions of AAPs in parents/caregivers of children aged 0–17 years with asthma who had an AAP and attended respiratory clinics at Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick. The questionnaire included parental perceptions on the utility of AAPs, parental asthma management self-efficacy (PAMSE), and an adapted version of the Asthma Action Plan Knowledge Interview tool (AAPKI). Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to assess associations between AAPKI, PAMSE and other outcomes.Seventy-one parents completed the survey. Mean PAMSE score was 4.2/5 (SD 0.5). Median AAPKI score was 70.2% out of 100% (IQR 20.4%). Most parents (80.0%, n = 56) were satisfied/very satisfied with using AAPs to manage their child’s asthma. Most agreed/strongly agreed that AAPs were helpful in knowing when to seek medical attention for their child’s asthma (81.7%, n = 58), helped their understanding of asthma severity (81.7%, n = 58), and increased their confidence in asthma management (76.0%, n = 54). Over half of parents (55.7%, n = 39) would prefer AAPs digitally and majority (78.6%, n = 55) would like color-coded AAPs.High levels of AAP knowledge and self-efficacy scores were demonstrated. Most parents expressed understanding of the benefits of AAPs. Our findings suggest parents of children with asthma prefer AAPs in color and in digital version which may help guide standardization of AAPs across Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Family Medicine / Revista Română de Medicina Familiei is the property of Media DOM Express and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the clear restrictive guidelines about the use of modern handheld devices among children younger than 2 years, parents are seen to extensively use these devices with their infants. However, parents’ perceptions in this regard remain unclear and underexplored especially, in the context of South Asian cultures such as Pakistan. This qualitative study aims to explore parents’ perceptions regarding their infants’ use of mobile devices. Using the purposive sampling technique, 10 couples (i.e. 20 parents) from Pakistan were individually interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Parents with at least two children including one infant (0–2 years) were included. Single parents and parents of children with special needs were excluded. Findings revealed parents hold mixed opinions regarding the use of mobile devices. Parents expressed negative outcomes of the use of mobile devices, which were categorized into internalizing problems, emotional problems, social interaction problems, and issues in cognitive processing. They also shared positive perceptions, categorized as learning outcomes, and increased cognitive abilities. Based on their first-time parenting experiences, parents expressed both negative and positive outcomes of the use of MDs with infants. A shift in perception was observed based on their first-time parenting experiences. With increased parenting demands, participants shared constant challenges in limiting the screen time of infants, leading to experiencing negative emotions among parents i.e. guilt and worry. This study can be useful among clinicians to consider the effects of the use of mobile devices while making a neurodevelopmental diagnosis. It can also be useful in promoting learning among infants in daycare/childcare centers, in developing parenting manuals, and in developing screen time policies or guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking not only poses a significant health risk to smokers but also endangers non-smokers, particularly children, through passive smoke exposure. We aimed to develop a Turkish version of the "Parental Perception of Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Scale" and evaluate its psychometric properties. The research involved 500 parents with children under 18 years of age who presented to family health centers between November 2022 and April 2023. The scale's reliability was assessed through item--total score correlations, test--retest analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which yielded a high value of 0.937. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, following Kaiser--Meyer--Olkin and Bartlett tests, revealed a four-factor structure. Scale scores were higher among women, healthcare professionals, individuals with higher education levels, and non-smokers. This newly validated and reliable scale serves as a valuable tool for evaluating parents' perceptions of smoke exposure in children, aiding in the identification of effective interventions and the assessment of their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Telemetric monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) facilitates long-term measurements and home monitoring, thus potentially reducing diagnostic imaging and acute hospital admissions in favour of outpatient appointments. Especially in paediatric patients, telemetric ICP monitoring requires a high level of collaboration and compliance from patients and parents. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate (1) patient and parent perception of telemetric ICP system utility and (2) hospital contact history and thus the potential cost-benefit of telemetric ICP monitoring in paediatric patients with a cerebrospinal fluid disorder. Methods: We conducted a nationwide questionnaire study, including paediatric patients with either a current or previous telemetric ICP sensor and their parents. Additionally, a retrospective review of electronic health records for all included children was performed. Results: We included 16 children (age range 3–16 years), with a total of 41 telemetric ICP sensors implanted. Following sensor implantation, the frequency of telephone contacts and outpatient visits increased. No corresponding decrease in hospital admissions or total length of stay was found. The telemetric ICP sensor provided most parents with an improved sense of security and was seen as a necessary and valuable tool in treatment guidance. The size and shape of the sensor itself were reported as disadvantages, while the external monitoring equipment was reported as easy to use but too large and heavy for a child to carry. Conclusion: Though, in quantitative terms, there was no cost-benefit of the telemetric ICP sensor, it contributed to extended parental involvement and a sense of improved safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To document the impact of early follow-up by specialized cleft nurses (SCNs) to families of infants with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P). Design: Prospective inclusion of a control group, which received standard care alone, followed by an intervention group, which in addition received early SCN follow-up. Setting: The cleft lip and palate team at a University hospital. Participants: 70 families (69 mothers and 57 fathers); control group (n = 38); intervention group (n = 32). Intervention: SCNs offered a consultation at the maternity ward and follow-ups by phone or face-to-face at one, three, eight weeks and six months after birth. Outcome measures: Use of Internet-Questionnaire, Quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS), Post discharge coping difficulty scale (PDCDS), Response on follow-up by health professionals. Results: Infants in the intervention group were admitted less frequently to a Neonatal Intensive Care unit (NICU); 21.9% vs 51.4%, P =.012. Parents in the intervention group used internet for cleft-related reasons less frequently (74.6% vs 85.9%), P =.112 and the mothers benefitted less from cleft-related activity on the internet (P =.013). The intervention group reported higher mean score for satisfaction with total cleft care (P =.001). There were no significant group differences regarding mean total score for discharge teaching (P =.315) and coping difficulties (P =.919). Conclusion: Early follow-up by a SCN with expertise in cleft care is highly valued by parents. Closer cooperation between the cleft team and health professionals at birth hospitals and Child health centers is necessary for optimal follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the oral health status and parental perception of oral health needs of pediatric patients in an urban Craniofacial Center. Design: This research utilized a prospective cross-sectional matched study design. The data was collected prospectively via clinical oral examinations measuring dental caries experience and gingival health status. Parental perception of oral health was assessed through a validated questionnaire. Setting: The study was conducted at a Pediatric Dentistry Department and Craniofacial Center (CFC) in a large urban American city. Patients/Participants: Participants were recruited and enrolled from a CFC and Pediatric Dental Clinic. Main Outcome Measure(s): The outcome measures were the oral health status and parental perception thereof. Results: CFC patients' caries experience in primary teeth was significantly lower than that of a healthy matched cohort, but statistically similar in permanent teeth. CFC patients had significantly higher unmet dental treatment needs. CFC patients had poor oral hygiene and were shown to have significantly higher plaque levels and worse gingival health than that of a healthy matched cohort. Parental perception of oral health did not show a statistically significantly difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients in our study in an urban CFC were found to have a high unmet dental and poor oral hygiene. Despite the poor oral health status, parents of children with craniofacial anomalies did perceive their oral health as different from a matched cohort of patients without these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding infants with a cleft is difficult due to underlying anatomical deficits. The success of breastmilk feeding in this population is highly dependent on the mother. Nevertheless, the rate and duration of breastmilk feeding are often poor in this population due to early cessation of breastmilk production. These infants are therefore at high risk for “failure to thrive”. Aim: The study aimed to identify the challenges encountered by mothers having infants with cleft in establishing and maintaining breastmilk production. Objective: To explore the factors that impact establishing and maintaining breastmilk production viz., a) Mother-infant separation b) Access to Lactation and Feeding consultation c) Breastmilk expression strategies d) Formula supplementation rate e) Motivating or demotivating factors to breastmilk feeding. Method: This study was a phone survey conducted on 28 mothers who had availed lactation and feeding consultations between 2019 and 2020. Results: Various factors impacting the onset and establishment of breastmilk feeding noted were, separation of mother and infant at birth and the duration of separation, lack of access to professional help in lactation and feeding during stay in hospital, irregular and inappropriate breast milk expression, early formula supplementation demotivation due to various lactation and feeding challenges. Conclusion: Support from healthcare professionals specialized in lactation and feeding consultation for mothers having infants with cleft particularly, Speech Pathologists, Nursing staff and Lactation Consultants is critical to increase the rate and duration of breastmilk feeding. Breastmilk feeding should be thus prioritized and supported to enable infants with cleft to thrive.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children with possible severe complications, deserving public health interventions. Aims: To evaluate parental perception of symptoms, causes, complication and treatment of childhood UTI, and proposerelevant interventions. Methods: This is an ethically- approved cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire comprising a 35-item Likert-like scale on perception of UTI in children with a reliability rating of 0.93. Adequate perception of each variable was defined as mean score ≥ 3.0. Weighted mean scores were tested for significant difference using F-test. Multiple logistic regressions identified possible predictors of adequate perception among the participants. P -value

Objective: Families increasingly use online resources to acquire medical information about their child's condition with little understanding of the legitimacy of the source of information or of the information itself. We evaluate the quality and readability of online information related to positional head shape conditions and identify unmet needs for healthcare providers to improve online patient education. Design: The search terms "flat head baby," "brachycephaly," and "plagiocephaly" were queried on the Google search engine and the first 20 websites for each were reviewed. Included websites were evaluated for quality using the DISCERN Instrument and readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Websites were categorized by upload source and results were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: 38 websites met inclusion criteria. There was no significant correlation between DISCERN score and Google search rank between the three search terms. Professional organizations provided websites with the highest mean DISCERN score (56.3) and commercial websites with the lowest score (36.6, P =.003), indicating "good" and "poor" quality content, respectively. Readability assessments showed an overall average FKGL of 9.9 and FRES of 54.4, suggesting "fairly difficult". Hospitals provided the most website results and tended to publish lower quality information, yet are the most readable. Conclusions: High quality websites written at an appropriate reading level for the general public are lacking. A review of online resources for positional head shape conditions can be used to derive recommendations to improve the content of online patient education for pediatric healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Few evidence-based psychosocial programs exist within craniofacial care. This study (a) assessed feasibility and acceptability of the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management-Parent (PRISM-P) intervention among caregivers of children with craniofacial conditions and (b) described barriers and facilitators of caregiver resilience to inform program adaptation. Design: In this single-arm cohort study, participants completed a baseline demographic questionnaire, the PRISM-P program, and an exit interview. Participants: Eligible individuals were English-speaking legal guardians of a child <12-years-old with a craniofacial condition. Intervention: PRISM-P included 4 modules (stress-management, goal-setting, cognitive-restructuring, meaning-making) delivered in 2 one-on-one phone or videoconference sessions 1–2 weeks apart. Main Outcome Measures: Feasibility was defined as >70% program completion among enrolled participants; acceptability was defined as >70% willingness to recommend PRISM-P. Intervention feedback and caregiver-perceived barriers and facilitators of resilience were summarized qualitatively. Results: Twenty caregivers were approached and 12 (60%) enrolled. The majority were mothers (67%) of a child <1-year-old diagnosed with a cleft lip and/or palate (83%) or craniofacial microsomia (17%). Of these, 8 (67%) completed PRISM-P and 7 (58%) completed interviews; 4 (33%) were lost-to-follow-up before PRISM-P and 1 (8%) before the interview. Feedback was highly positive, with 100% willing to recommend PRISM-P. Perceived barriers to resilience included uncertainty about their child's health; facilitators included social support, parental identity, knowledge, and control. Conclusions: PRISM-P was acceptable among caregivers of children with craniofacial conditions but not feasible based on program completion rates. Barriers and facilitators of resilience support the appropriateness of PRISM-P for this population and inform adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate online educational resources on cleft lip and palate teams. Design: A Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: An International, Multi-Institutional Study. Participants: All American Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Association-approved teams with websites. Interventions: None Main Outcome Measures: Websites were assessed for patient education and support content. Affiliation between presence of materials and U.S. Newsweek Top 100 Hospitals was also assessed. Results: 187 teams were included. Presence of educational videos were available in 29.4% of websites, educational infographics in 18.2%, written materials in 66.8%, perioperative instructions in 19.3%, diagnosis information in 34.8% and treatment information in 63.1%. Information on team members were available on 77.0% of websites, resources in languages other than English in 38.5%, and support group resources in 25.7%. Cleft lip and palate diagnosis information was significantly associated with geographic region, with the largest impact from the West region (P =.03). There was a significant difference between teams affiliated with U.S. Newsweek Top 100 hospitals: Top 100 hospitals had a higher presence of educational infographics, perioperative instructions, definitions, diagnosis, and treatment (P <.01). There was no significant difference between presence of educational videos (P =.37). Conclusion: While many websites had basic educational materials, very few included detailed information on peri-operative planning, as well as additional forms of information including videos, infographics, and non-English languages. Providing comprehensive patient education materials online is an important supplement for patients with cleft lip and palate and should be prioritized by cleft teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined parental perception of the importance of friendship and five other educational outcomes from 101 Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorders between the ages of 3 and 12 years. Results showed Chinese parents considered friendship less important than social skills, emotional development, and physical skills and motor development. Unlike the results from previous studies, Chinese parents ranked friendship as the second least important outcome. Children's age rather than educational setting impacted parental perceptions. The findings suggested cultural contexts may have influenced parental perceptions of the importance of different educational outcomes, and future research on the influence of cultural contexts is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study employed Gagné Integrative Model of Talent Development as a conceptual framework to explore the perspectives of nine Asian American parents on their musically talented children in Western classical music culture in the United States. Musically talented children, defined by [Gagné, François, and Gary E. McPherson. 2016, September. "Analyzing Musical Prodigiousness Using Gagné's Integrative Model of Talent Development." In Oxford University Press EBooks, 3–114. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685851.003.0001], as individuals who rank within the top 10% of their age peers. This distinction is made to differentiate talent from giftedness, which pertains to exceptional natural abilities or aptitudes. The analysis yielded five macro themes: (1) children's innate abilities and importance of hard work; (2) parental sacrifice and investment; (3) benefits and challenges; (4) influence from Asian culture; and (5) future expectations. This study offers deeper insights into the complex interplay between children's individual abilities and parental investment, which can be influenced by cultural identity and work ethics, especially in Asian American communities. The findings illuminate the intricate process of nurturing gifted and talented young children from a parental perspective and provide implications for how parents can support their children's talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical restraints are often a debatable and misunderstood aspect of dental healthcare practice. They are frequently used in dental care settings to immobilise children and reduce the risk of injury during procedures. It is essential to assess parents' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards physical restraints and provide accurate information about them. This is important to ensure that they are used appropriately and ethically. Aim: To assess parents’ knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards physical restraints in dental care settings before and after a multimedia intervention, and to provide precise information about the same. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India using a pretest and post-test quasi-experimental study design on 400 parents whose children were between 3 and 16 years of age. The survey was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023. The data collection methods used in the present study consisted of a pre-education questionnaire and a post-education questionnaire administered after a multimedia educational intervention. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including measures such as mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Chi-square goodness of fit test, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: When questioned about various stabilisation methods like direct and indirect methods, 379 (94.8%) of the study parents were unaware of them. However, after education, the majority of parents, 393 (98.3%), became aware that there were two types of stabilisation methods. Initially, 294 (73.5%) of parents refused to provide permission for doctors to treat their children using various stabilisation techniques. However, after being thoroughly educated about the various methods and their benefits, 383 (95.8%) agreed to let the dentist employ different stabilisation techniques when treating their children. This assurance helped alleviate concerns about potential harm to the child caused by using these stabilisation methods. Conclusion: The study suggests that there is a significant knowledge gap among parents. However, the implementation of multimedia educational intervention methods during dental visits by dentists played a crucial role in increasing their knowledge and resulted in a significant improvement in their attitude towards stabilisation methods.

There is a general consensus that crying makes up a substantial proportion of infants' early communicative repertoire. The authors examine what is currently known about the range of 'normal' crying. This is difficult to establish because of the wide variability in cry patterns recorded from healthy infants even within the same families. In addition, across countries, cultural differences in parenting practices and expectations are also thought to shape the amount of crying infants do. Nevertheless excessive crying is a cause of distress for many parents and some strategies for coping are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical restraints are often a debatable and misunderstood aspect of dental healthcare practice. They are frequently used in dental care settings to immobilise children and reduce the risk of injury during procedures. It is essential to assess parents' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards physical restraints and provide accurate information about them. This is important to ensure that they are used appropriately and ethically. Aim: To assess parents' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards physical restraints in dental care settings before and after a multimedia intervention, and to provide precise information about the same. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India using a pretest and post-test quasi-experimental study design on 400 parents whose children were between 3 and 16 years of age. The survey was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023. The data collection methods used in the present study consisted of a pre-education questionnaire and a post-education questionnaire administered after a multimedia educational intervention. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including measures such as mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Chi-square goodness of fit test, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: When questioned about various stabilisation methods like direct and indirect methods, 379 (94.8%) of the study parents were unaware of them. However, after education, the majority of parents, 393 (98.3%), became aware that there were two types of stabilisation methods. Initially, 294 (73.5%) of parents refused to provide permission for doctors to treat their children using various stabilisation techniques. However, after being thoroughly educated about the various methods and their benefits, 383 (95.8%) agreed to let the dentist employ different stabilisation techniques when treating their children. This assurance helped alleviate concerns about potential harm to the child caused by using these stabilisation methods. Conclusion: The study suggests that there is a significant knowledge gap among parents. However, the implementation of multimedia educational intervention methods during dental visits by dentists played a crucial role in increasing their knowledge and resulted in a significant improvement in their attitude towards stabilisation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy studies in K‐12 education has recently increased, with most research focusing on primary and secondary education contexts. Little research focuses on AI literacy programs in early childhood education. Objectives: The aim of this mixed‐methods study is to examine the feasibility of an AI literacy program called "AI4KG" and explore how it might affect kindergarteners' perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science. Methods: A total of 26 child–parent dyads recruited from a Hong Kong kindergarten were involved in this study, consisting of 26 children (Mage = 4 years, SD = 0.28) and their parents. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and interviews designed to explore children's perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science, and parents' perceptions of the AI4KG intervention. Results: It is found that children have increased their perceptions of robots after the AI literacy program, but the AI4KG curriculum had no significant effects on kindergarten children's engineering and science attitudes. Most parents (22 out of 26) agreed that their children's AI knowledge, AI skills, and AI attitudes have been enhanced after learning through the AI4KG curriculum. Conclusions: This study suggests that the AI4KG curriculum is potentially effective in promoting early AI literacy and favourable attitudes towards the technology, but further research is needed to develop age‐appropriate measures and assess its long‐term impact on children's education and career paths. Lay Description: What is currently known about this topic?: AI literacy is becoming important as AI transforms society, but few studies have explored AI literacy in early childhood education.Prior research found AI activities can positively influence older children's views of robots and engineering. What does this paper add?: It evaluates an 8‐week AI literacy curriculum called AI4KG for kindergarteners in Hong Kong.The curriculum used tools like Teachable Machine and taught concepts through play and storytelling.It improved children's perceptions of robots but did not significantly impact engineering/science attitudes.Parents perceived improvements in children's AI knowledge, skills, and attitudes after the curriculum. Implications for practice/policy: The curriculum provides an example for developing age‐appropriate AI literacy activities.More rigorous research on impacts over time is needed, but results suggest potential benefits of AI literacy in early childhood.Policymakers could consider incorporating AI literacy into kindergarten curricula to prepare children for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Psychosocial adjustment can be challenging for children with cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL ± P). Previous studies have linked social integration with self-acceptance and highlighted the impact of the parents' stress on self-acceptance. Teasing can be linked to children having difficulties explaining their diagnosis to others. This prospective research aimed to gain a better understanding of family communication about cleft, children's oral storytelling about their cleft, and explore their self-image and perceived familial acceptance. Participants: Parents and their children with CL ± P (N = 54; average age: 5.6 years). Design: Semistructured interviews with parents and structured interviews with children were conducted regarding their oral storytelling focusing on scars from cleft lip surgery. Children completed a projective test to explore their self-image and perceptions of familial acceptance. Language screening was completed with the French Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition. Results: Only 30% of children explained their cleft in a way appropriate for peers, including presence at birth, having had surgery, and scar location. Children's ability to explain their cleft was not related to language performance, which was in the average range of 84%. Children's cleft explanations were dependent on parents' narratives and education methods, including the use of verbal explanations and preoperative photographs. Children's storytelling was related to their self-image and perceived parental acceptance. Conclusion: Cleft teams should assist families in building their cleft story based on a complete explanation with photographs and a positive and accepting approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal how the perception of parenting, which is thought to change according to generations, is expressed by digital natives. To gain insight into this topic, interviews were conducted with 20 digital natives selected using purposive sampling and the ZMET Technique. The data obtained from these interviews was then examined through content analysis in Maxqda 2020 program and a consensus map was created within the framework of a mother and father image collage. According to the findings, mothers are expressed with love, trust and peace; likened to soft objects; identified with pleasant-sounding sounds such as bird sounds; visually explained with promising images such as suns or seas; smelled like flowers or roses; and associated colors included green (peace), white (refreshing), blue (hope). The emphasis on fathers in literature is mostly focused on protective descriptions and hard objects. Fathers are described as loud-voiced, with contrasting tastes, as mighty as a lion, and as lofty as a tree and a mountain. It is also likened to a strong perfume in terms of smell. The most intense emphasis on fathers was made on dark blue and brown. Regarding parents, the concepts of guiding, love, trust, solution, commitment, togetherness and support are emphasized. Parents, who are mentioned with sweet and traditional dishes, are visualized with forest, sun and nature scenery. Reminiscent of nature, food and the smell of home, parents are identified with orange, blue and white. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology is the property of Speech-Language & Audiology Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the twenty-first century, parents face the most intense competition in raising gifted kids with high STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) quality who are prepared to take on difficulties, and kindergarten is the foundation for this holistic life of the child. However, there can be no meaningful social development without parental involvement in the child's STEAM education. The current study examines how parents view STEAM education for young children in Asmara, Eritrea's St. Joseph STEAM-integrated kindergarten to ensure healthy social development. The study used mixed techniques to identify parents' perspectives toward STEAM education and how it affects their kindergarteners' academic and social/emotional growth. It also investigated the barriers that prevent parents from becoming involved in their children's education. The quantitative data was gathered from thirty parents (n=30). On the other hand, semi-structured interviews with fifteen parents involved them. The results showed that in the kindergarten used in the case study, parents were seen as being involved at home and paying for the child's transportation and school expenses. Furthermore, it was discovered that parents encourage their kids' social and emotional growth. In addition, the study discovered a few characteristics that influence parents' perceptions of STEAM education in kindergarten, including a lack of STEAM education knowledge and awareness, a lack of time for a child's follow-up, low parental income, low educational attainment, and a lack of someone to watch the other kids. Furthermore, the current study recommends further research that incorporates various types of kindergartens with different parents to enrich the data on parental perception of STEAM education in Eritrea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : This study examined the posttraumatic growth (PTG) about parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and the correlates of PTG. Design : A cross-sectional study. Participants and Setting : Parents (N = 388) of children with isolated CL/P (ages 3 months-18 years) who had at least one cleft surgery within an oral and maxillofacial surgery department of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in a provincial capital in southwest China. Main Measures : Demographic information questionnaire, The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Support Rating Scale were used for data collection. Results : Parents' mean PTG score was in the moderate range (M = 65.7, SD = 13.73). PTG differed regarding the participants' sex, ethnicity, and educational background. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that positive coping (r = 0.43, P <.01), negative coping (r = 0.13, P <.01), and social support (r = 0.26, P <.01) were positively correlated with PTG. Multiple regression model showed that 20.6% (P <.001) of the variance in PTG was explained by higher positive coping (β = 0.35, P <.001), greater social support (β = 0.13, P =.01), and for cleft lip compared to cleft palate (β = −0.14, P ≤.01), with no variance difference for cleft lip and palate. Conclusions : Parents of children with CL/P had moderate PTG. Potentially modifiable correlates of PTG suggest interventions to enhance parental positive coping and social support may increase PTG. Further studies are needed to confirm the PTG level and its affecting factors of parents of children with CL/P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the content and quality of YouTubeTM videos concerning nasoalveolar molding (NAM). Design: YouTubeTM was searched for videos containing information relevant to NAM with the 2 keywords "nasoalveolar molding," and "presurgical infant orthopedics." A total of 24 out of 51 videos were found to be applicable to this study and rated for quality using the Global Quality Scale (GQS). To determine whether the contents of the selected 24 videos were useful or not, a content usefulness index consisting of 8 parameters was created. The videos were classified according to the usefulness index as low or high content videos. Spearman rank correlation analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, and Mann-Whitney U -tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean GQS score of the 24 YouTubeTM videos on NAM was 2.3 ± 0.8, indicating overall poor quality. In terms of information, videos with high content (29.2%) were less in number than low content videos (70.8%). GQS values were found to be significantly higher in the high content group (P <.01). Regarding the source, video, and audio quality values were significantly higher in the expert group compared to the caregiver group (P <.01), whereas the usefulness index did not differ between groups (P >.05). A significant relationship was found between GQS and usefulness index, audio quality, and video quality (P <.001). Conclusions: YouTube™ videos on NAM were generally inadequate in their content information and poor in quality. Expert videos, showing better audiovisual quality and flow compared to non-expert videos, did not offer higher quality information about NAM considering the usefulness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine frequency of hearing loss in cerebral palsy (CP) children and perception of child's hearing and brain evoked response auditory (BERA) / brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) results in CP patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. Period: January 2022 to December 2022. Material & Methods: The parents of all the CP children having cerebral palsy and who were nor assessed for hearing screening at birth (newborn hearing screening) were included. In child neurology clinic, parents were interviewed for the perception of the hearing of the child. Parental perception, CP type and the BERA results were recorded. Results: Total 102 patients were studied with median age of 27.9 (IQR= 17 - 48) months. Majority of the patients were normally delivered (n=59, 57.8%). Nearly quarter of them underwent neonatal screening (n=22, 21.6%). Majority of mothers (n=85, 83.3%) and father (n=80, 78.4%) had perception of hearing. BERA test was normal for 44 (43.1%) children. Age was significantly higher among patients with abnormal results. Frequency mothers' perception of normal hearing was higher in abnormal BERA result. Frequency of difficult speech was higher in patients with abnormal BERA results. Conclusion: The frequency of hearing loss was high among children with CP. Frequency of mothers' perception of their CP child's normal hearing was higher when compared to the father's perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : Web-based health information is the leading source of medical knowledge for patients and families. The American Medical Association (AMA) and US Department of Health and Human Services recommend reading material be at or below a sixth-grade reading level. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the readability of the most popularly searched cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and other craniofacial syndrome (CFS) websites. Design : Google searches for "cleft lip," "cleft palate," and "craniofacial syndromes" were performed to identify the top 40 websites in an incognito window with the location set to the United States. Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) was used to determine ease of reading from 0 (most difficult) to 100 (greatest ease of reading) and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade (FKGL) for website content and compared between websites using an FRES of 80 to 90 and FKGL of 6.0 to 6.9 for a sixth-grade reading level. Results : Readability was low for all sites with 6 CL/P websites and no CFS websites at or below a sixth-grade reading level. CL/P websites had FRES readability scores of 58.5 ± 12.3 and were at a 9.4 ± 2.3 grade level. CFS websites had readability scores on the FRES of 39.8 ± 13.1 and were at a 10.8 ± 1.8 grade level. Conclusions : Web-based information related to CL/P and CFS is on average several grade levels above the recommended sixth-grade reading level. Online information for CL/P and CFS may need to be revised to improve understanding for the public and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used household income and expenditure, parental perception, believes in tribal norms and voice of mother in the decision making as independent variable to their impact on child's schooling decision compared with its alternate available activities. In this study we used a unique data set collected from various districts of Pakistan for a child labor and education project. The observed relation between income inequality and parental education and the schooling of their children is calculated through a simultaneous equation model. The results reveal that along with the income and education of parents their perception and the role of the mother in decision making have a positive impact on the offspring's schooling. However, belief in tribal norms has a negative significant influence on the schooling of the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of 24–60-month-old children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and explore parents’ perception of their child's body shape, as well as related factors. The study found that parents’ wishes had a significant impact on their children’s nutritional status, as reflected in the high percentage of parents dissatisfied with their child’s weight and shape. Malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were defined based on WHO 2006 standards, and children's anthropometric indices were measured. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on parents’ perception of their child’s health based on body shape and their satisfaction with it. The results showed highest dissatisfaction with the child's shape in malnourished children (86.8 %), then in the obese group (60.4 %), and lowest in overweight children (28 %). Correct parental perception about the child’s nutritional status and the healthiest shape was only 61.1 % and 34.5 %, respectively. Several related factors to parental correct perception about the child’s shape was found and it was higher 22.5 % with the parent living in suburban area than those living in urban area, 20 % with the parent of girls than those of boys, it decreased to 54 % in group of malnourished children, and 66 % in group of obese and overweight children. The findings of this study highlight the importance of parental education on healthy child development and the need for interventions to address the high prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in preschool children.

Abstract Childhood overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing in urban Vietnam. Dietary patterns are understudied for their association with obesity risk in these children, and it is unclear which parental and societal factors should be targeted in prevention efforts. The study assessed child characteristics, dietary patterns, parental and societal factors for associations with childhood overweight and obesity status in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A sample of 221 children aged 9–11 years was randomly selected from four Ho Chi Minh City primary schools. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured using standardized methods. Three 24‐h dietary recalls were collected from 124 children, which were used to assess dietary patterns using principal component analysis (PCA). Parents completed a questionnaire about child, parental and societal factors. The overall prevalence of obesity was 31.7% and of combined overweight and obesity 59.3%. Three main dietary patterns from 10 food groups were identified by PCA: traditional (grains, vegetables, meat and meat alternatives), discretionary (snacks and sweetened beverages), and industrialized (fast food and processed meat). Children with higher discretionary diet scores had higher odds of being overweight. Being a boy, screen time over 2 h/day, parental underestimation of child weight status, father's obesity, and household income in the lowest quintile were positively associated with childhood obesity. Future intervention programmes in Vietnam need to consider targeting children's unhealthy diets and parental perceptions of child weight status, as well as focusing on upstream approaches that reduce inequities contributing to childhood obesity and concomitant dietary patterns.

Background: Parents endure significant stress when their newborns require surgery while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our study aims to explore the surgical NICU experience from the parents' perspective and identify areas that may improve this experience. A secondary objective was to integrate their feedback to refine the implementation strategy of the neonatal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) guideline. Methods: In December 2019, five surgical NICU parents participated in a focus group. Conversation surrounded parents' perspectives and experiences of the surgical NICU. Inductive analysis was performed to identify data, themes, and concepts that emerged from the discussion. Results: Participants identified four major interrelated themes that impacted the surgical parents' NICU experience. These themes include (1) parental state, both physical and emotional, (2) the altered parental caregiver role which necessitates identifying alternative meaningful parental experiences, (3) the care team dynamic, incorporating consistency and effective communication, and (4) the discharge process which may be significantly eased through graduated, hands-on training. Conclusion: Key elements of the neonatal ERAS® guideline address major themes and stressors identified by parents. The parental perspective may help clinicians appreciate the parent surgical NICU experience and assist in improving family-centered care to surgical infants and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study – To identify different resources used by parents of children suffering from nervous anorexia, after acknowledging the first symptoms; to characterise periods of time between first symptoms acknowledgment in their children, help request, access to support, and hospitalisation; to identify resources missed by parents. Methods – Anonymous semi-structured online survey to parents of children suffering from nervous anorexia hospitalised in a Unit for Child Psychiatry at an urban hospital in the central area of Portugal, from January 2018 to December 2019. Statistical analysis of results done through an Excel spreadsheet. Results – Health professionals were identified as the most frequently used resource for information or emotional support. Among these professionals, family doctors and paediatricians were considered the most accessible resources. Only 18.2% of parents stated that their children had prolonged medical support (over six months) before being hospitalised. As to resources indicated by parents as missing, 84.8% pointed to psychological or psychiatric support for themselves. Discussion – This study has highlighted the existence of a long period of time between the acknowledgment of the first symptoms of the disease and the decision-making of requiring a technical assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study utilized virtual focus group discussions to document the facilitators and barriers reported by the parents as part of the tele-rehabilitation service delivery model in India. Methods: This study included 17 participants who were enrolled into the Tele-rehabilitation program (16 mothers, 1 father) and the virtual focus group discussion (V-FGD) were conducted through a WhatsApp video call. Three V-FGDs were conducted involving two moderators and a note taker. The V-FGD, focused at extracting the perceptions of parents pertaining to facilitators, barriers and coping mechanisms to barriers related to the tele-rehabilitation model. Results: Thematic analysis resulted in four themes for barriers that included: family and support, time, parent and care taker, child and place of living related; facilitators reported included: continuous monitoring, accessibility to professional services, provision of resource materials and parental empowerment. Themes “family and support” and “child” were most reported by parents with children >3 years and ≤3 years respectively. Finally, the barriers and facilitators were aligned with the chapters and codes of International Classification of Functioning, children and youth version (ICF-CY) environment and personal factors. Conclusion: This V-FGD highlights the importance of parental-centred and structured Tele-rehabilitation among children with CVI in India. The outcome of this study opens avenues for creating effective intervention.

Objective : To date, limited research has been carried out into the psychological impact of having a diagnosis of Apert syndrome (AS) and the life experiences of families living with this condition. The aim of the current study was to explore psychological adjustment to AS from the perspectives of young people, and their parents, with the broader goal of informing care, and support for this population. Method : Four young people (2 male) aged 11 to 15 years and their mothers were interviewed in their homes using a semistructured interview guide and photo-elicitation methods. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results : Three superordinate themes were identified from the data: (1) Acceptance and Adjustment: A Cyclical Journey; (2) A Barrier to Adjustment: Navigating Treatment; and (3) Facilitating Adjustment: Social Support. Families described adjustment as a cyclical process, which was sensitive to change, particularly in the context of ongoing medical treatment. Families also utilized many resources, particularly in the form of social support, to adjust to the challenges of AS and build resilience. Conclusions : The findings of this study have important implications for the implementation of patient-centered care within designated craniofacial treatment centers, which should at a minimum include the provision of reliable information throughout the treatment pathway, additional support from health professionals at key times of transition, and the coordination of support across medical teams, and other key organizations in the child's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations (UN) recognises free school meals as critical, yet widely disrupted by COVID-19. We investigate caregiver perceptions and responses to interruptions to the universal infant free school meal programme (UIFSM) in Cambridgeshire, England, using an opt-in online survey. From 586 responses, we find 21 per cent of respondents' schools did not provide UIFSM after lockdown or advised caregivers to prepare packed lunches. Where provided, caregivers perceived a substantial decline in quality and variety of meals, influencing uptake. Direction to bring packed lunches, which caregivers reported to have contained ultra-processed foods of lower nutritional quality, influenced caregiver behaviour rather than safety concerns as claimed by industry. The quality and variety of meals, and school and government policy, had greater impact than concerns for safety. In the UK and at the international level, policymakers, local governments, and schools must act to reverse the trend of ultra-processed foods in packed lunches, while improving the perceived quality of meals provided at schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore parental experiences in personal functioning and parenting associated with having a child experiencing chronic non-cancer pain. Parents with children experiencing chronic pain were asked to fill out a survey prior to their initial Pediatric Pain Clinic or Pain Psychology appointment at a children's hospital in the southeastern United States. A retrospective analysis of qualitative data was conducted. Qualitative results from open-ended survey questions will be focused on within this manuscript. A total of 288 surveys were collected in this study, with 243 participants answering at least one qualitative question. Of participants who responded to open-ended survey questions, there were 88 responses to a question related to parental change, 73 to parental impact, and 239 to goals of the visit. Through thematic analysis, five qualitative themes were identified: Pain Central: The Hub, Juggling Life, Suffering Side by Side, Unrealized Dreams, and Gettin' it Under Control. Parents do experience alterations in personal functioning and parenting as a result of having a child that experiences chronic non-cancer pain. Parents face struggles in many aspects of life including emotions, work, and interpersonal relationships. Theoretical considerations were discussed. Understanding the experiences parents have in raising a child with chronic pain is important in helping health care providers to recognize that this population may need interventions. This also assists in informing patient treatment, improving patient and parent care outcomes, and educating clinicians on how to better support parents. • Parents challenged in functioning/parenting due to having a child with chronic pain • Parental survey responses provide insight into their first-hand experience. • How pediatric and adolescent chronic non-cancer pain impacts entire family unit • Providers need to understand parental perceptions and experiences to inform care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the association of sociodemographic factors on parental perception of Saudi parents on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Saudi parents whose children with ASD were enrolled in special schools in Riyadh. Parents were asked to fill out two questionnaires consisting of their sociodemographic information and parental caregiver perception questionnaire. The results were then statistically analyzed by applying mean standard deviation with 95% of confidence interval, Pearson's Chi-square test, and multinomial regression model with level of significance P < 0.05. Results: Sododemographic factors, like age, education, and family income, affected various domains of parental perception of OHRQoL of their children with ASD. Age and education of the father are significantly associated with the oral symptom domain (P value = 0.002) and emotional well-being (EW) (P value = 0.032), respectively. Age and education of the mother are significantly associated with the oral symptom domain (P value 0.035) and EW (P value 0.040), respectively. Family income is significantly assodated with the oral symptom domain (P value 0.000). Conclusion: There is a definite role of sociodemographic factors on parental perceptions of Saudi parents regarding OHRQoL of ASD children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study utilized virtual focus group discussions to document the facilitators and barriers reported by the parents as part of the tele-rehabilitation service delivery model in India. Methods: This study included 17 participants who were enrolled into the Tele-rehabilitation program (16 mothers, 1 father) and the virtual focus group discussion (V-FGD) were conducted through a WhatsApp video call. Three V-FGDs were conducted involving two moderators and a note taker. The V-FGD, focused at extracting the perceptions of parents pertaining to facilitators, barriers and coping mechanisms to barriers related to the tele-rehabilitation model. Results: Thematic analysis resulted in four themes for barriers that included: family and support, time, parent and care taker, child and place of living related; facilitators reported included: continuous monitoring, accessibility to professional services, provision of resource materials and parental empowerment. Themes "family and support" and "child" were most reported by parents with children >3 years and ≤3 years respectively. Finally, the barriers and facilitators were aligned with the chapters and codes of International Classification of Functioning, children and youth version (ICF-CY) environment and personal factors. Conclusion: This V-FGD highlights the importance of parental-centred and structured Tele-rehabilitation among children with CVI in India. The outcome of this study opens avenues for creating effective intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة لتحديد واستخراج فهم وقبول الوالدين وضع فلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين عند علاج تسوس الأسنان مع أهداف هي أ) تقييم قبول الوالدين وضع فلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين كعلاج اختياري لتسوس الأسنان لأطفالهم و ب) دراسة مخاوف الوالدين بالنسبة لاستخدام فلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين لتسوس اسنان الطفولة. طرق البحث: تم إجراء مسح مقطعي باستخدام استبانة موثقة بين آباء الأطفال أعمارهم ٢- ۱٠، الذين تم الإبلاغ عنهم في قسم اسنان الأطفال في مستشفيي أسنان بين يونيو٢٠٢٠ ويناير٢٠٢۱. النتائج: تضمنت الدراسة ۱٩٧مشاركا/وصيا. أظهر ۱٢٨ قبولا لفلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين. من بينهم فضل ٩٩ الأسنان الخلفية العلوية للعلاج. اعتبر ۱٠٨ أن نصيحة طبيب الأسنان عامل رئيسي يؤثر على خيار العلاج. كان لعمر الآباء تأثيرا لاختيار لفلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين كخيار للعلاج (بمعنى آخر الذين أعمارهم ۳۱-٠٤ عاما كانوا على علم أكثر بعلاج فلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين بالمقارنة بالذين أعمارهم أقل أو أكبر). الاستنتاجات: وجدنا أن قبول الوالدين لفلورايد الفضة ثنائي الامين بالمقارنة لعلاجات تسوس الأسنان الأخرى لدى الأطفال كانت عالية عند تزويدهم بخيارات علاجية أكثر تدخلا. يعتبر المظهر الجمالي وتكلفة العلاج ذو أهمية للآباء. Abstract: Objectives: This study aims to identify and extract parental perception and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application in treating dental caries with the objective of a) evaluating parental acceptability of SDF as a treatment choice for dental caries in their children and b) investigating parental concerns regarding the use of SDF for childhood caries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a reliable questionnaire was conducted among parents of children aged 2-10 years, who reported to the department of paediatric dentistry at two dental hospitals between June 2020 and January 2021. Results: 197 participants/guardians were included in the study and 128 showed acceptability towards SDF, out of which, 99 preferred upper posterior teeth for the treatment. The dentists' advice became a major factor affecting treatment option for 108 participants. Parental age also impacted the choice of SDF as a treatment option (i.e., those aged 31-40 years were more aware of SDF treatment than younger or older age groups). Conclusion: Parental acceptance of SDF in comparison to other dental caries treatment options in children was found to be higher when more invasive treatment choices were provided. Aesthetic appearance and cost of treatment were significant concerns for the parents.

A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in adolescents' symptoms (i.e., the parental perception effect). The longitudinal relationship between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions of the adolescents' symptoms was analyzed in three independent groups of parent--adolescent pairs (in total N = 1,228). Parental perception and monitoring effects were found in Studies 1B and 2 only in the depressive mood subscale. While a decreased enjoyment subscale showed a perception effect in Study 1A, we obtained null results from other studies. We synthesized the results by applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to obtain a more robust estimate. The analysis qualified both perception and monitoring effects in both subscales. Our results suggest that when parents believe that their adolescent child is depressed, adolescents are cognitively biased by their parental perceptions over time, resulting in more severe depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric overweight/obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Accurate parental perception of children's weight status is crucial in preventing and tackling this issue. Despite the consistent increase in prevalence of the childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia, the role of the parents is not well described. This study aims to explore Saudi parents' readiness to change the lifestyle of their overweight/obese children and the barriers facing it. Individuals and Methods: Through a cross-sectional design, 362 parents of overweight/obese children attending King Abdulla Specialized Children's Hospital were selected and requested to fill a predesigned questionnaire reflecting their perception about their children's weight status and their preparedness to change their lifestyle. A Chi-square test was used to verify significance. A P value of

• Parental perception of academic achievement is altered by relational uncertainty. • Relational uncertainty calls into question the lagging view of adoption. • Adoption and child factors impact perception of children's academic achievement. While initial findings suggested that children who are adopted (adoptees) perform less well academically, this result is not consistent across the literature. To explain these, often conflicting, results, researchers acquired a lagging view, in which adoptees need to "catch up" to their non-adopted peers. According to the lagging view, those adopted at a younger age have less catching up to do than those adopted when they are older. However, the lagging view does not account for the period in which adoptees and their new families adjust to one another. A period that we refer to as relational uncertainty. This is particularly relevant as data on adoptees' academic performance is largely based on parent reports. The overarching goal of this study was to determine if parental perception of adoptees' academic achievement changed over time, after accounting for the impact of age of adoption. Using a nationally representative dataset, we found that after accounting for age of adoption the length of time that children resided in their adoptive homes predicted parental perception of academic performance. Specifically, after accounting for age of adoption, parental perception of adoptees' academic performance demonstrated early consistency followed by a significant decline. We also investigated if the relation, of those factors previously associated with parental perception of adoptees' academic performance, remained after variance was accounted for by both age of adoption and children's length of stay in their adoptive homes. Several previous factors (where the child lived pre-adoption and the socioeconomic status of their adoptive household) and child characteristics (sex and the first language the child learned to speak) demonstrated a continued association. Results indicate the need for a paradigm shift in how we view parent reports of adoptees' academic achievement, as well as the frequently reported factors surrounding adoptees' academic performance. The implications for how to support adoptees' academic achievement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric overweight/obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Accurate parental perception of children's weight status is crucial in preventing and tackling this issue. Despite the consistent increase in prevalence of the childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia, the role of the parents is not well described. This study aims to explore Saudi parents' readiness to change the lifestyle of their overweight/obese children and the barriers facing it. Individuals and Methods: Through a cross-sectional design, 362 parents of overweight/obese children attending King Abdulla Specialized Children's Hospital were selected and requested to fill a predesigned questionnaire reflecting their perception about their children's weight status and their preparedness to change their lifestyle. A Chi-square test was used to verify significance. A P value of <0.05 was considered an indication of significance. Results: Among all overweight/obese children (n = 362), obese children formed 39.5 and 22.7% had morbid obesity. Only one half of the parents (49.7%) had correct perception about their children's weight. Correct perception increases significantly with an increase age of the child and in the presence of family history of diabetes, P < 0.05. Only 68.9% were worried about body weight of their children, the percentage was significantly higher in younger parents; parents with obese children and with a positive family history of hypertension P < 0.05. In total, 83.1% of the worried parents proceeded to preparation and action stages; the percentage was significantly higher among parents whom their children were free from identified comorbidities, P < 0.05. Conclusion: Misconception about real weight status of overweight/obese children is common in Saudi parents. Parents who have correct perception and worried about health status of their children are more likely to take actions. The first step in controlling children's obesity is to educate parents about how to recognize the real weight status of their children and to be aware about the health-related problems of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Craniosynostosis management involves various surgical options early in a patient's life. Nevertheless, few three-dimensional (3D) tools exist to help caregivers comprehend craniosynostosis anatomy and surgical options. This study aims to assess the efficacy of 3D animated videos for enhancing craniosynostosis education in caregivers. Methods: We created 3D animated videos describing anatomy and surgical options (eg, fronto-orbital advancement, posterior vault reconstruction) for three craniosynostosis diagnoses: bicoronal, metopic, and sagittal. In a cross-sectional survey, caregivers rated their understanding of craniosynostosis on 10-point Likert-scales, labelled anatomic sutures, and answered true/false general (eg, "The sutures have fused too early") and diagnosis-specific (eg, "The distractors are not removed after surgery") craniosynostosis knowledge questions. Respondents were then shown an animated video and asked the same set of questions after watching the video. Results: A total of 69 craniosynostosis caregivers (mean age 35 years, 73% Caucasian, 64% female) completed the survey. After watching the video, caregivers self-rated their understanding of craniosynostosis as significantly higher (mean score difference: 2.62, P  < .01). Caregivers also scored significantly higher on the general and diagnosis-specific knowledge questions (mean score difference: 1.27, P  < .01). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that our animated videos improved caregiver craniosynostosis understanding and knowledge. These findings may inform how surgeons approach future caregiver craniosynostosis education., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: The birth of a child with a craniofacial anomaly (CFA) can have a profound psychological impact on the family and the parental relationship. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate how a child's CFA condition affected parents' couple relationship., Setting: All patients with a CFA are followed-up by the National Unit for Craniofacial Surgery, a specialized and multidisciplinary team. Hence, participants were recruited within a centralized treatment setting., Design: We used a qualitative approach to explore the relationship experiences of parents of children with CFAs. The interviews were analysed using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach., Participants: The study included 13 parents, nine mothers and four fathers of children with a range of different CFAs. At the time of the interview, 10 participants were married, one was cohabiting, and two were divorced., Results: Most participants perceived their partners as committed and engaged in caring for their affected child and involved in the family's everyday life, and described a strengthened relationship to their partner after the child with a CFA was born. However, some participants struggled in their relationships with their partners, and did not receive the comfort and support they needed during this critical time, leading to feelings of distance and loneliness., Conclusions: Craniofacial teams should be mindful of the importance of the environment surrounding the child, such as parental relationship and family function. Therefore, a comprehensive approach should be included in team-based care, and couples and families in need of extra support should be referred to relevant specialists., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background and Aim: Early first dental visits (FDVs) are crucial for educating and informing parents about their children's oral health. The age for the FDV is dependent on several factors and data regarding the same is unavailable in Goa state. The aim of the study was to determine the age, purpose, and parental perception with regard to the FDV of children in Goa State., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry for children reporting for their FDV. Data for the study was recorded from validated and pilot-tested questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA (version 17; StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX) software. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were summarized using means and standard deviations., Results: A total of 544 children were included in the study. The mean age of the FDV was 7.15 ± 2.98 years. Out of the total, 257 (47.24%) children reported with pain. The absence of dental problems was the reason why 485 (89.01%) children and their parents had not visited earlier. Most parents perceived the FDV to be important but were unaware of the ideal age for the same., Conclusions: Children in Goa state have delayed FDVs. Although parents recognized the importance of early dental visits and oral health, their knowledge regarding the recommended age was found to be deficient., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board of Goa Dental College and Hospital issued approval GDCH/IRB/II-2024/RPN22-10. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, D'souza et al.)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an interactive iPad-based educational module (cleft iBook) in enhancing parent/caregiver education related to cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) care., Design: A prospective study involving pre- and post-intervention surveys., Setting: The study was conducted at a craniofacial clinic in a dedicated children's hospital specifically during initial consultations for CL/P care., Participants: Thirty-two participants (parents/legal guardians/caregivers) ≥18 years of age, English and/or Spanish-speaking, and attending with a child with CL/P., Interventions: Participants were provided with iPads and engaged with the interactive iPad-based educational module. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were administered., Main Outcome Measure(s): The survey assessed the understanding of a CL/P diagnosis and management and usability of the iBook. Survey responses were graded on a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores for pre- and post-intervention surveys were compared., Results: Utilizing the cleft iBook module before consultation significantly enhanced comprehension in multiple domains: prenatal development of CL/P, dento-facial molding, surgical techniques, steps after the initial consultation, postoperative care, and the necessity of long-term care for affected children ( P  < .01). Cumulative survey scores increased by 10.2 points, reflecting significantly improved responses regarding overall comprehension ( P  < .001)., Conclusions: The interactive, iPad-based cleft educational module emerges as a viable, digital strategy for providing education and empowerment to parents and caregivers navigating the challenges of caring for a child with CL/P. The cleft iBook serves as a readily accessible resource, fostering connections among the child, caregivers, and care team., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.