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Background Monocortical mini-screw-type temporary anchorage devices (TADs), or mini-screws, have significantly impacted orthodontic treatment strategies, especially in severe crowding and protrusion cases. These devices offer flexibility in placement sites, but the chosen location can considerably influence tooth displacement patterns. Key factors include the 'line of force' and the biomechanical properties of orthodontic tools. By analyzing tension distribution and three-dimensional displacements, the finite element method (FEM) provides a thorough means to comprehend these patterns. The Curve of Spee (COS) is a crucial factor potentially affecting displacement. Objective This study aimed to leverage finite element analysis (FEA) to understand the impact of varying mini-implant heights (10 mm, 13 mm, and 16 mm) on the displacements of different tooth types under a consistent force of 150 gm and compare these displacements both in the presence and absence of the COS. Materials and methods A CAD model of the jaw and teeth was developed using CT scan data and a Rexcan III 3D White Light Scanner. This model was meshed in Altair HyperMesh using tetrahedral elements, resulting in a Finite Element Model. The model incorporated various components, including teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, brackets, a titanium mini-screw, and an archwire measuring 0.019 x 0.025 inches. Unique material properties were assigned to the PDL, and the assembly accurately replicated the clinical alignment of the archwire and brackets. Subsequently, stress and strain analyses were conducted on the model using the FEM. Results The displacement patterns of various teeth at implant heights of 10 mm, 13 mm, and 16 mm under a 150-gm force were analyzed in relation to the COS. Notably, for the central incisor, the COS significantly affected displacements in the Y and Z directions. Similarly, the Lateral Incisor and Canine exhibited marked changes in the Z direction with the presence of the COS. The Second Premolar's apex displacement showed significant variation due to the COS, while the First Molar displayed notable changes in the X direction. Generally, the presence of the COS either maintained or slightly increased Z-directional displacements across teeth, particularly at the apices. Conclusion The presence of COS significantly influences tooth displacement patterns when using mini-screws at different implant heights. Central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines are particularly sensitive to changes in the Z direction with the COS. The biomechanical analysis emphasizes the importance of considering COS in treatment planning for optimal results with mini-implants in orthodontics., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Pareek et al.)

Background: Understanding complex systems is made easier with the tools provided by the theory of nonlinear dynamic systems. It provides novel ideas, algorithms, and techniques for signal processing, analysis, and classification. Presently, these ideas are being applied to the investigation of how physiological signals evolve., Objective: The study applies nonlinear dynamics theory to electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to better comprehend the range of alcoholic mental states. One of the main contributions of this paper is an algorithm for automatically distinguishing between sober and drunken EEG signals based on their salient features., Methods: The study utilized various entropy-based features, including ApEn, SampEn, Shannon and Renyi entropies, PE, TS, FE, WE, and KSE, to extract information from EEG signals. To identify the most relevant features, the study employed ranking methods like T-test, Wilcoxon, and Bhattacharyya, and trained SVM classifiers with the selected features. The Bhattacharyya ranking method was found to be the most effective in achieving high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity., Results: Classification accuracy of 95.89%, the sensitivity of 94.43%, and specificity of 96.67% are achieved by the SVM classifier with radial basis function (RBF) for polynomial Kernel using the Bhattacharyya ranking method., Conclusion: From the result, it is clear that the model serves as a cost-effective and accurate decision-support tool for doctors in diagnosing alcoholism and for rehabilitation centres to monitor the effectiveness of interventions aimed at mitigating or reversing brain damage caused by alcoholism.

According to the standard paradigm, white box cryptographic primitives are used to block black box attacks and protect sensitive information. This is performed to safeguard the protected information and keys against black box assaults. An adversary in such a setting is aware of the method and can analyze many system inputs and outputs, but is blind to the specifics of how a critical instantiation primitive is implemented. This is the focus of white-box solutions, which are designed to withstand attacks that come from the execution environment. This is significant because an attacker may obtain unrestricted access to the program's execution in this environment. The purpose of this article is to assess the efficiency of white-box implementations in terms of security. Our contribution is twofold: first, we explore the practical implementations of white-box approaches, and second, we analyze the theoretical foundations upon which these implementations are built. First, a research proposal is crafted that details white-box applications of DES and AES encryption algorithms. To begin, this preparation is necessary. The research effort planned for this project also includes cryptanalysis of these techniques. Once the general cryptanalysis results have been examined, the white-box design approaches will be covered. We have decided to launch an investigation into creating a theoretical model for white box, since no prior formal definitions have been offered, and suggested implementations have not been accompanied by any assurance of security. This is due to the fact that no formal definition of "white box" has ever been provided. In this way lies the explanation for why this is the situation. We define WBC to encompass the security requirements of WBC specified over a white box cryptography technology and a security concept by studying formal models of obfuscation and shown security. This definition is the product of extensive investigation. This state-of-the-art theoretical model provides a setting in which to investigate the security of white-box implementations, leading to a wide range of positive and negative conclusions. As a result, this paper includes the results of a Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) study which may be put to use in the real world with signature verification. Possible future applications of White Box Cryptography (WBC) research findings are discussed in light of these purposes and areas of investigation.

A significant study has been undertaken in the areas of health care and administration of cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) technologies throughout the previous decade. Healthcare professionals studied smart gadgets and other medical technologies, along with the AI-based Internet of Things (IoT) (AIoT). Connecting the two regions makes sense in terms of improving care for rural and isolated resident individuals. The healthcare industry has made tremendous strides in efficiency, affordability, and usefulness as a result of new research options and major cost reductions. This includes instructions (AIoT-based) medical advancements can be both beneficial and detrimental. While the IoT concept undoubtedly offers a number of benefits, it also poses fundamental security and privacy concerns regarding medical data. However, resource-constrained AIoT devices are vulnerable to a number of assaults, which can significantly impair their performance. Cryptographic algorithms used in the past are inadequate for safeguarding IoT-enabled networks, presenting substantial security risks. The AIoT is made up of three layers: perception, network, and application, all of which are vulnerable to security threats. These threats can be aggressive or passive in nature, and they can originate both within and outside the network. Numerous IoT security issues, including replay, sniffing, and eavesdropping, have the ability to obstruct network communication. The AIoT-H application is likely to be explored in this research article due to its potential to aid with existing and different technologies, as well as bring useful solutions to healthcare security challenges. Additionally, every day, several potential problems and inconsistencies with the AIoT-H technique have been discovered., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Anil Audumbar Pise et al.)

Medical diagnosis is always a time and a sensitive approach to proper medical treatment. Automation systems have been developed to improve these issues. In the process of automation, images are processed and sent to the remote brain for processing and decision making. It is noted that the image is written for compaction to reduce processing and computational costs. Images require large storage and transmission resources to perform their operations. A good strategy for pictures compression can help minimize these requirements. The question of compressing data on accuracy is always a challenge. Therefore, to optimize imaging, it is necessary to reduce inconsistencies in medical imaging. So this document introduces a new image compression scheme called the GenPSOWVQ method that uses a recurrent neural network with wavelet VQ. The codebook is built using a combination of fragments and genetic algorithms. The newly developed image compression model attains precise compression while maintaining image accuracy with lower computational costs when encoding clinical images. The proposed method was tested using real-time medical imaging using PSNR, MSE, SSIM, NMSE, SNR, and CR indicators. Experimental results show that the proposed GenPSOWVQ method yields higher PSNR SSIMM values for a given compression ratio than the existing methods. In addition, the proposed GenPSOWVQ method yields lower values of MSE, RMSE, and SNR for a given compression ratio than the existing methods., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chethana Sridhar et al.)

Due to the increasing number of medical imaging images being utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, lossy or improper image compression has become more prevalent in recent years. The compression ratio and image quality, which are commonly quantified by PSNR values, are used to evaluate the performance of the lossy compression algorithm. This article introduces the IntOPMICM technique, a new image compression scheme that combines GenPSO and VQ. A combination of fragments and genetic algorithms was used to create the codebook. PSNR, MSE, SSIM, NMSE, SNR, and CR indicators were used to test the suggested technique using real-time medical imaging. The suggested IntOPMICM approach produces higher PSNR SSIM values for a given compression ratio than existing methods, according to experimental data. Furthermore, for a given compression ratio, the suggested IntOPMICM approach produces lower MSE, RMSE, and SNR values than existing methods., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Piyush Kumar Pareek et al.)

In the microarray gene expression data, there are a large number of genes that are expressed at varying levels of expression. Given that there are only a few critically significant genes, it is challenging to analyze and categorize datasets that span the whole gene space. In order to aid in the diagnosis of cancer disease and, as a consequence, the suggestion of individualized treatment, the discovery of biomarker genes is essential. Starting with a large pool of candidates, the parallelized minimal redundancy and maximum relevance ensemble (mRMRe) is used to choose the top m informative genes from a huge pool of candidates. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to heuristically compute the ideal set of genes by applying the Mahalanobis Distance (MD) as a distance metric. Once the genes have been identified, they are input into the GA. It is used as a classifier to four microarray datasets using the approved approach (mRMRe-GA), with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) serving as the classification basis. Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation (LOOCV) is a cross-validation technique for assessing the performance of a classifier. It is now being investigated if the proposed mRMRe-GA strategy can be compared to other approaches. It has been shown that the proposed mRMRe-GA approach enhances classification accuracy while employing less genetic material than previous methods. Microarray, Gene Expression Data, GA, Feature Selection, SVM, and Cancer Classification are some of the terms used in this paper., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 M. Sathya et al.)

A non-diaryl quinoline scaffold 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-one was identified by screening of diverse set of compounds against M. smegmatis ATP synthase. Herein, we disclose our efforts to develop the structure activity relationship against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb.H37Rv strain) around the identified hit 1. A scaffold hopping approach was used to identify compounds 14a, 14b and 24a with improved activity against MTb.H37Rv., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, poses a significant global public health risk. In tropical countries such as India where periodic dengue outbreaks can be correlated to the high prevalence of the mosquito vector, circulation of all four dengue viruses (DENVs) and the high population density, a drug for dengue is being increasingly recognized as an unmet public health need., Methodology/principal Findings: Using the knowledge of traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda, we developed a systematic bioassay-guided screening approach to explore the indigenous herbal bio-resource to identify plants with pan-DENV inhibitory activity. Our results show that the alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pariera Linn (Cipa extract) was a potent inhibitor of all four DENVs in cell-based assays, assessed in terms of viral NS1 antigen secretion using ELISA, as well as viral replication, based on plaque assays. Virus yield reduction assays showed that Cipa extract could decrease viral titers by an order of magnitude. The extract conferred statistically significant protection against DENV infection using the AG129 mouse model. A preliminary evaluation of the clinical relevance of Cipa extract showed that it had no adverse effects on platelet counts and RBC viability. In addition to inherent antipyretic activity in Wistar rats, it possessed the ability to down-regulate the production of TNF-α, a cytokine implicated in severe dengue disease. Importantly, it showed no evidence of toxicity in Wistar rats, when administered at doses as high as 2g/Kg body weight for up to 1 week., Conclusions/significance: Our findings above, taken in the context of the human safety of Cipa, based on its use in Indian traditional medicine, warrant further work to explore Cipa as a source for the development of an inexpensive herbal formulation for dengue therapy. This may be of practical relevance to a dengue-endemic resource-poor country such as India.

Pashmina fiber is one of major specialty animal fiber in India. The quality of Pashmina obtained from Changthangi and Chegu goats in India is very good. Due to restricted availability and high prices, adulteration of natural prized fibers is becoming a common practice by the manufacturers. Sheep wool is a cheap substitute, which is usually used for adulteration and false declaration of Pashmina-based products. Presently, there is lack of cost-effective and readily available methodology to identify the adulteration of Pashmina products from other similar looking substitutes like sheep wool. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method can be used to identify origin of animal fiber. Extraction of quality DNA from dyed and processed animal fiber and textile materials is a limiting factor in the development of such detection methods. In the present study, quality DNA was extracted from textile materials, and PCR-based technique using mitochondrial gene (12S rRNA) specific primers was developed for detection of the Pashmina in textile blends. This technique has been used for detection of the adulteration of the Pashmina products with sheep wool. The technique can detect adulteration level up to 10 % of sheep/goat fibers in textile blends.

We screened 194 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis (TB) patients in Delhi and neighboring regions in India to identify the prevalence of extensive drug resistance (XDR) in clinical isolates. Among these, 104 isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR), and 6 were identified as XDR isolates, which was later confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing against the respective drug screening panel. Genotyping was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the following genes: rpoB (rifampin), katG (isoniazid), gyrA (fluoroquinolones), and rrs (amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin). Our analyses indicated that mutations at the hot spots of these genes were positively correlated with drug resistance in clinical isolates. The key mutation observed for rpoB was in the codon for amino acid position 531 (S531L), and other mutations were seen in the hot spot, including those encoding Q510P, L511H, D516V, and H526Y mutations. We identified S315T and R463L substitutions encoded in the katG locus. An S95T substitution encoded in the gyrA locus was the most common mutation observed in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. In addition, we saw D94G and D94N mutations encoded in the QRDR region. The 16S rRNA (rrs) gene encoded mainly the A1401G mutation and an additional mutation, G1484T, resulting in ribosomal modifications. Taken together, the data in this report clearly establish the presence of phenotypically distinct XDR strains in India by molecular profiling and further identify specific mutational hot spots within key genes of XDR-TB strains.

A novel approach has been developed for the solid phase extraction of chromium(VI) based on the adsorption of its diphenylcarbazide complex on a mixture of acid activated montmorillonite (AAM)-silica gel column. The effect of various parameters such as acidity, stability of the column, sample volume, interfering ions, etc., were studied in detail. The adsorbed complex could be easily eluted using polyethylene glycol-sulfuric acid mixture and the concentration of chromium has been determined using visible spectrophotometry. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0-1microgmL(-1) chromium(VI) with a detection limit of 6microgL(-1). A highest preconcentration factor of 25 could be obtained for 250mL sample volume using glass wool as support for the mixed bed adsorbent. Chromium(VI) could be effectively separated from other ions such as nickel, copper, zinc, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, etc., and the method has been successfully applied to study the recovery of chromium in electroplating waste water and spiked water samples.

Uterine involution and follicular dynamics during postpartum period were studied ultrasonographically in French jennies. For the study of uterine involution in postpartum jennies (n = 6, Group S), sonographic measurements of different parts of the uterus and endometrium were made at three-day interval, starting from the day of foaling and continued up to 33 days postpartum. Uterine dimensions were also recorded in non-pregnant jennies (n = 3, Group C) throughout a cycle and compared with the dimensions of Group S jennies observed on the day of complete involution. Follicular dynamics of first and second postpartum ovulatory cycles were studied and compared with that of the single estrous cycle of Group C jennies. Jugular venous blood samples of Group S jennies were collected at weekly intervals for 49 days, commencing at the appearance of first preovulatory follicle, to support the sonographic findings. The average involution period was 22.5 +/- 1.7 days. However, it was significantly delayed (P < 0.05) in jennies which came into first postpartum ovulatory heat within Day 9 than those who came later (25.0 +/- 1.0 versus 20.0 +/- 1.0). The endometrial layer was not discernible beyond Day 15 postpartum and thus was found to be unreliable index of uterine involution. The follicular growth rate (mm per day) and diameter (mm) of preovulatory follicle in postpartum jennies were similar to that in normal cycling jennies (P > 0.05). The first and second ovulations occurred at 14.6 +/- 0.8 and 39.0 +/- 0.8 days postpartum in Group S jennies. All the corpora lutea, either echogenic or centrally non-echogenic were functionally similar and had similar life span (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the postpartum reproductive events related to uterine involution and ovarian cyclicity apparently resemble that of mares.

Present investigation was conducted to study the ovarian response and embryo recovery using different PMSG dose levels. Six rabbits each were assigned randomly to treatment 1 (PMSG 50 IU + hCG 100 IU), treatment 2 (PMSG 75 IU + hCG 100 IU) and the control group (no hormone administered). PMSG injection (im) was followed 68 hr later by natural mating to a fertile rabbit buck and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injection iv post coitum. Embryos were recovered 96 hr post coitum by a modified surgical method. Mean number of ovulations in the control group differed significantly from treatment 1 and 2, but no significant difference was observed between treatments 1 and 2. Mean embryo recovery percentage was lowest in treatment 2 and highest in the control group. The higher dose PMSG (treatment 2) was observed to be more disturbing in terms of recovery of embryos as well as their morphology.

Release of GOT was determined during different treatments in ram semen extended (1:10) with lactose-egg yolk diluter containing 3.5% and 5% glycerol (v/v). Semen samples were collected by the electro-ejaculation technique and GOT was analysed colorimetrically. Highly significant difference (p less than 0.01) was found in the post-thaw percent motile spermatozoa and GOT release (IU/10(9) spermatozoa) between 3.5% and 5% glycerol containing equilibrated samples. The difference in percent motile spermatozoa was not significant between 3.5% and 5% glycerol levels in control, post-thaw unequilibrated and prefreeze equilibrated samples. Whereas the difference in GOT release between 3.5% and 5% glycerol concentrations was not significant in control and post-thaw unequilibrated samples and highly significant (p less than 0.01) in prefreeze equilibrated samples.