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This paper looks at projection in the discourse of news reports in English and Spanish. The analysis reveals the extent to which projection pervades these texts, not only at clause complex level – the traditional object of study of projection – but also below the clause complex, at clause simple and at group level. The discussion of a number of examples from English and Spanish news reports serves to answer the three research questions guiding this research, which concern (a) the preferred types of projection in news reports, (b) the preferred realizations of the different types of projection in news reports, and (c) the main cross-linguistic similarities and contrasts of projection in news reports. The answers to these issues ultimately contribute to a broader understanding of the concept of projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the unique syntax found in the Greek texts of Mark and Revelation. Both books exhibit a distinct propensity to begin sentences with the conjunction καί , a linguistic phenomenon known as "parataxis." A comparative analysis is conducted on a large swath of contemporary Greek narrative texts in an effort to locate where Mark and Revelation fall along the paratactic spectrum. The analysis draws on comparative linguistics and statistical analysis to argue that this paratactic style is a Semitic linguistic fingerprint, aligning more closely with the LXX and other early Jewish and Christian (EJC) texts but differs from pagan Greek narratives of the same era. The article concludes by summarizing how scholars have accounted for this Semitic fingerprint and what some implications might be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on correlative clauses in Mano, a South Mande language. Cross-linguistically, correlative clauses are often adjoined high, and can be considered a prime example of an erstwhile paratactic construction acquiring subordinating properties (Givón 2009). Evidence from Mano based on syntactic criteria developed by Bhatt (2003) for Hindi and semantic criteria by Belyaev and Haug (2014) for Ossetic supports this hypothesis and illustrates such development at an early stage. My close comparison of Mano with Hindi and Ossetic demonstrates that Mano correlatives are syntactically and semantically independent from the matrix clause. I argue furthermore that the relative interpretation of the sequence “correlative clause–matrix clause” is a result of a pragmatic cooptation of a paratactic topic-comment-like construction.

The article examines the structure, semantics, and functions of the nominativus absolutus structure, which is a predicative unit with the participial predicate having the subject of its own. The relevance of the work is explained by inconsistency in interpretation of the genesis, structural features and functions of this structure in the linguistic literature. The purpose of the article is to identify indicators of the grammatical dependence of nominativus absolutus on the verbal part, to prove its originality, to determine the dynamics of use, stylistic marking, and reasons for elimination. The article used the method of continuous sampling, descriptive, comparative historical and comparative typological methods. It has been proved that, despite the high degree of predicativity of the participle in this construction, it remains grammatically dependent on the verbal part. The markers of this dependency are revealed: the identity or co-reference of the subjects in nominativus absolutus and the verbal part; one subject denotes the whole, while the other nominates its part; the subject of one part represents a subject, while in the other part it is an object; the subject in nominativus absolutus possesses the item nominated in the verbal part. The constructive variety of the analyzed clause is investigated, the types of semantic relations between the subject in nominativus absolutus and the main part are characterized. The application of quantitative data analysis has enabled the author to study the dynamics of nominativus absolutus functioning in the written records of the 11 th – 17 th centuries, taking into account the development of the simple sentence structure and the category of a subordinate clause. The reasons for nominativus absolutus elimination are determined.

This paper, lexis and style in Tanure Ojaide's Delta Blues and Home Songs, examined how meaning is negotiated through the use of cohesive devices and other stylistic features in the text. Previous studies have concentrated on phoric relations in the text as well as on the text's treatment of environmental issues without much attention paid to how cohesive devices coalesce in the text to produce meaning. Data for the study comprised five poems purposively selected from Ojaide's Delta Blues and Home Songs. Also, the study undertook a qualitative research procedure. Equally, since the paper focused attention on the use of language (lexical choices) to address social situations, the theoretical base adopted was Halliday and Hasan's (1976) Cohesion Theory. The research discovered that style and meaning are inseparably linked. This was revealed through the assessment of the author's deployment of cohesive devices like reiteration, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy as well as the stylistic features of hypotaxis and parataxis. The paper was concluded with the notion that by the author's placement of cohesive and stylistic features in the foreground, meaning in the text became more pronounced and clearly underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a variety of empirical arguments in favor of a paratactic account of recomplementation constructions, in which a left-dislocated element appears in between two complementizers. Contrary to integrated analyses assuming Complementizer Phrase (CP) recursion or Rizzi's split periphery, we assume that the dislocated phrase is structurally independent from the embedded clause it precedes, which in turn is an elliptical sentence fragment. The juxtaposed fragmentary sentences are linked by the doubled complementizer, which serves to overtly flag a 'restart' in discourse. We show that this account makes a range of welcome predictions while sidestepping non-trivial problems that arise for integrated/cartographic analyses, which assume that dislocated XPs are in left-peripheral positions (such as Spec-TopicP) and that the doubled complementizer spells out Topic0. A further advantage of the approach is that it provides a handle on recomplementation constructions beyond the core cases involving left-dislocation, which reduce to a mere subcase of the general phenomenon of elliptical 'restarts' in discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 2017, the Maltese journalist and anti-corruption activist Daphne Caruana Galizia was assassinated by a car bomb. Within days, the first objects that would become the Daphne memorial appeared at the foot of the Great Siege Monument in Valletta, which commemorates the siege of Malta by the Ottomans in 1565. Since 2017, these two contrasting entities have clashed and coalesced in unexpected ways. This paper explores the material and symbolic interaction between the monument, which was unveiled in 1927, and the spontaneous shrine that appeared ninety years later. It employs a multitemporal approach to investigate the heritage space through two "timelines", one concerned with the history of the monument and the other with the memorial. Drawing from González-Ruibal's interpretation of "parataxis", the study argues that the juxtaposition has created a palimpsest that can be called a "monumentmemorial". By engaging with contemporary archaeological themes, it is suggested that the palimpsest shares characteristics consistent with James Young's model of "counter-monumentality". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish comparative correlative (CC) construction (Cuanto más leo, (tanto) más entiendo) has a complex syntactic structure and complex semantics. The syntactic relationship between its two subclauses has been subject to much debate. This study, the first large-scale (> 3,000 tokens) corpus investigation, explores various aspects and provides evidence for hypotaxis. However, statistical analysis of the data also revealed 'under-the-surface' parataxis. I therefore argue that the construction cannot be classified as either hypotactic or paratactic, but as hypotactic and paratactic to certain degrees, also compared with its counterparts in English and Slovak. I argue that the 'competition' between hypotactic and paratactic encoding can be attributed to the principle of iconicity, that is, the "(partial) motivation of a construction's form by its meaning" (Hoffmann, 2019, p. 12). Finally, I discuss various formal aspects of the Spanish CC construction that have so far gone unnoticed, providing new evidence in the form of corpus data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the political manipulation of Covid-19 statistics was opposed in 2020. It does this by studying in detail the language used in a public exchange of letters in the UK. The exchange was between the chair of the United Kingdom Statistics Authority (UKSA), a statutory body to prevent statistical malpractice, and the Minister of Health, who had been manipulating Covid statistics. The exchange reflects the greater power of the government minister. Initially, the UKSA chair used diplomatic language, marked by paratactic constructions, unspecified arguments, and impersonal structures that did not threaten the minister's face. The minister ignored these and the UKSA chair had to go beyond diplomatic language by re-specifying his arguments and upgrading his critical terminology. Only by catching the press's attention did the chair succeed in making the minister rectify, at least partially, the manipulated statistics. Implications for understanding today's political values are discussed. (Opposing statistical manipulation, manipulating Covid statistics, diplomatic language, parataxis and hypotaxis) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the limitations of narrative logic in mental health care, and in particular of "narrative vigilance"—the tendency to watch over experience via narrativisation, and to tether the concrete particulars of experience to the hypothetical structure of a narrative signification. Narrative logic is grounded in hypotaxis—the syntactic structuring whereby a discourse is characterised by different levels of subordination using linking words that connect, especially in terms of temporal and explanatory consequentiality. I offer an alternative approach based on parataxis—the practice of placing phrases or parts of speech next to each other without subordinating conjunctions. Sentences are juxtaposed without a clear connection; the contrast may generate novel and unexpected combinations between these dissimilar fragments. After distinguishing between parataxis and psychopathological phenomena like disturbances of association, I take inspiration from the work and life of a poet, Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843), considered among the greatest. He suffered for half his life from a severe form of mental illness that would perhaps, today, be diagnosed as schizophrenia. In the poems written during his illness, hypotaxis and narrative vigilance seem to blur, and parataxis takes centre stage. The fading of narrative structure in no way coincides with the absence of meaningfulness. Rather, meaningfulness is left to parataxis itself, that is, to the recombining power of words, sentences, and images. Parataxis itself can provide meaningfulness or, at least, provide the soil in which it can germinate. The void of narration opens the door for the fullness of "emergent" connections. In the final part of the paper, with the help of Freud's ideas on the relationship between "analysis" and "synthesis" in psychoanalytic treatment, some implications are derived about the relevance of parataxis to the logics of discovery in psychotherapeutic care, especially that of persons with severe mental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Alberto Zevi’s 1947 Italian translation of L’Étranger. Particularly respectful of the style used by Albert Camus in his first novel, it is compared with Stuart Gilbert’s The Outsider (1946) and then to Sergio Claudio Perroni’s (2015) recent Italian retranslation. Zevi's “literalism” is strikingly modern when contrasted with Gilbert’s much more traditional “domesticating” approach. Moreover, because it was discreet and moderate, without embellishments or paraphrases, the first Straniero remained an unchallenged reference for decades, to the point of singularly complicating the retranslation project entrusted to Perroni.

The paper argues for a bisentential, paratactic account of Hanging Topic Left Dislocations wherein the syntactically unconnected hanging topic phrase is the remnant of an elliptical copulative sentence which is linearly juxtaposed to the second, host sentence. This proposal represents a natural extension of Ott's system for Clitic Left Dislocations and predicative non-restrictive nominal appositives. By assuming that the hanging topic is structurally disconnected from the host sentence, the analysis constitutes a radical departure from integrated/monosentential approaches within cartography, which analyze hanging topics as intrasentential, albeit peripheral, constituents in the left spine of the clause. Using data from English and Spanish as well as from other linguistic varieties, the paratactic approach provides a principled account of various issues facing monosentential analyses of hanging topics, including anti-connectivity, coreference with the resumptive/epithetic correlate, comma intonation/pause potential, case, insensitivity to locality constraints, islandhood, and potential presence of interjections between hanging topic and host sentence, amongst others. The account is also successful in capturing orphaned topics, which are not linked to any constituent in the sentence they occur with, alongside 'interrogative' and hyperdetached hanging topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400, the decasyllable he invented in the late 1370s and raised to prominence in the 1380s and 1390s lay precariously in the hands of scribes and rivals. Of the poets to reform Chaucer's meter in the first decade of the fifteenth century, John Walton devised the subtlest and most successful alternative to the inherited decasyllable, capitalizing on the full range of formal and grammatical ambiguities in Chaucer's line and turning them from bugs into features, in an expanding program of new candidate meters. His revision of the decasyllable in De Consolatione Philosophiae (ca. 1410), a verse translation of Boethius and veiled satire on Chaucer's Boece, uses the decasyllabic resource to fill several vacancies in the scramble for authority following Chaucer's death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that correlative constructions in Hittite are paratactically structured. The relative clause is essentially a clausal hanging topic, sitting at the left edge of the main clause in linear juxtaposition without actually being an integrated part of it, syntactically speaking. I defend this claim in two stages. First, I argue that correlatives in Hittite are base-generated in their left-edge position rather than derived through movement (as advocated for Hindi by, e.g., Bhatt 2003). I adduce as evidence the fact that the main clause correlate appears to be simply a discourse anaphor and need not even be present in the construction; these observations are incompatible with a movement-based derivation that generates the relative clause as a modifier of the correlate. There is also evidence for a lack of locality effects. The second part of my claim, that Hittite correlatives are not syntactically integrated, differs from most base-generation accounts of correlatives, which take correlatives to be clausal adjuncts. I support my position with parallels to hanging topics and peripheral adverbials (Haegeman 2012) and with examples of intervening non-subordinate clauses, and I offer some comments on why syntactic adjunction is less well suited to the Hittite situation. I also show that Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (Asher & Lascarides 2003) accommodates these structures, including some notably non- canonical ones, in a simple and principled way.

We propose to return to the problem of demonstrative cataphors. With a double limitation. We will only deal with demonstrative cataphors of the disjoint bipartite type of Et il me dit doucement ceci : « Les étoiles aussi ont besoin d'obscurité ». And, as a second limitation, we will only analyze their constructional scheme and the formal and semantic nature of their subsequent. Based on previous descriptions, mainly those of Kesik (1989) and Theissen (2008), we will try to highlight new aspects of this type of cataphora, both on the side of their construction and on the side of the form and meaning of their subsequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clause articulation is a grammatical strategy found in all-natural languages. This phenomenon gives rise to complex constructions that manifest in a continuous gradient (parataxis -- hypotaxis -- embedding) from integrating syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels of the language in use. The present study is guided by a functionalist perspective of language and aims to describe some articulation processes of sentences in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). Regarding the Libras data, we noticed that juxtaposition, conjunctions, facial expressions, prolonged head nod, head nod linked to ALREADY mouthing, trunk displacement, and the maintenance of the non-dominant hand (buoy) could play a role. An essential role in the articulation of clauses or, at least, in the cohesion of the sentence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earliest Greek philosophy concurred with traditional poetry in its attempt to deliver cosmological thought about the Universe (τὰ πάντα); to this end, it used a paratactically descriptive prose style (Anaximander, Anaximenes). Adopted by a new kind of poetry criticizing the traditional myths as mere opinions (δόξαι) and mediated through its Pythagorean mathematization, philosophy gathers itself into its own critical principle: Identity (Xenophanes). Identity and Difference together (Heraclitus) differentiate the world-immanent Logos (λόγος ἐών). In human thought, this Logos presents itself as Judgement (κρίσις): Predication is reflected in a tropic prose style. The disentanglement of the resulting paradoxical unity of opposites calls forth the Principle of Contradiction and reinstates poetry as self-revelation of intellectual intuition (νοεῖν): while in the opinions of mortals, everything might be considered as merely asserted and ambiguous, contradiction is the ever-present presupposition in every act of thinking (Parmenides). The infinite progress of excluding contradiction (Anaxagoras) is itself dialectically shown as contradictory (Zenon): What remains is the perception of the sole, non-conceptualized phenomenon, whose apprehension existentially deepens into faith (πίστις). Linking up with pre-philosophical myth (Hesiod), it manifests itself once again as poetry, now already rhetorically (Empedocles).

This article analyzes how paratactic and multisensory narrative strategies in Peter Weiss's novel Die Ästhetik des Widerstands (1975–81) contribute to the novel's project of an aesthetics of resistance for future reference. The narrative mode of the novel emphasizes situated and embodied future acts of reading that generate new historical linkages and orientations across temporal, geographic, and medial gaps. Weiss's novel mediates twentieth-century history of antifascist resistance with a perspective attuned to multiple possibilities inherent in historical instances. Furthermore, by sensitizing its recipients to differentiated ways of engaging with textual gaps, the novel presents itself as a medium of historical orientation toward futures not articulated in the text itself. The novel's implied future readers share the novel's concern with emancipation of the oppressed, but the protocols of reading suggested in the novel also imply that these future readers may interrupt overly rigid historical narratives that may prevent emancipation in specific contexts. The novel remains relevant because of both its historical material and its sophisticated form, which explores aesthetic mediation of experience and relational narrative strategies without losing the sense of historical materiality and without subsuming experience within a concept of a self-enclosed subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the cultural paradigm of metamodernism as conceived by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker (2010). Ontologically, metamodernism is perceived as oscillating between the modern and the postmodern, whereby the tools of postmodernism (such as irony, sarcasm, parataxis, deconstruction, scepticism and nihilism) are employed to counter (but not obliterate) modernist naivety, aspiration and enthusiasm. This oscillation results in what the above authors have termed "informed naivety," a phrase denoting a state of wilful pragmatic idealism that allows for the imagining of impossible possibilities. Vermeulen and van den Akker's two key observations about the shift from postmodernism to metamodernism in contemporary art are discussed in this paper, namely the (re)appearance of sensibilities corresponding to those of Romanticism and the (re)emergence of utopian desires, in an attempt at a metamodernist analysis of the Netflix adaptation of the Bridgerton book series, aimed primarily at elucidating its popularity as one of the most watched programmes of the global Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the author of Psalm 114 intends to appropriate the ancient tradition of the exodus event for its contemporary reader in an exilic or postexilic context. Instead of focusing on God's salvific acts in the original exodus event, this psalm reimagines the tradition in the exilic or postexilic setting by creatively restructuring its narrative sequence. Although the narrative elements in this psalm are drawn from various traditions and juxtaposed paratactically in each stanza, the larger structure of the psalm follows a new temporal and logical sequence, which is different from the narrative sequence of the traditions that it alludes to. The psalm may have been intentionally composed in a manner that is dissimilar to the traditions it draws upon as a way to appropriate past events in the new context of its readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In challenging SPITZER’s (2009) proposition of absence of structure and balance (parataxis) within “Von deiner Güt’, o Herr und Gott”, from J. Haydn’s The Creation, the present article addresses contemporary analytical theories of form that may reveal exactly the opposite. The analytical framework used in the study was drawn from theoretical tools designed by CAPLIN (1998; 2001; 2009), HEPOKOSKI, and DARCY (2006) for the analysis of Classical form. This paper argues that tonal balance is a fundamental organizational device and serves as a structuring agent in the composition discussed. Moreover, the tonal balance featured in “Von deiner Güt’” illuminates the underlying structure of the textual narrative, thus rendering a stronger rhetorical appeal to the climactic moment in which it is inserted. The most salient significance of this research lies in its applicability to other cases of less strict formal structure that may be dismissed as parataxis while they, in fact, feature careful formal construction on the composer’s part.

Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we have conducted a number of grammatical and stylistic analyses on representative fragments from the monumental work of Livy. This analysis aims at discovering the particularities of construction in different types of texts, such as: Praefatio –the appeal to method, individual and collective portraits, discourses and battle scenes.

The article deals with the problem of forming grammatical (syntactic) norms of the Russian national language based on the material of Siberian monuments of business writing of the 17th century. Relevance of the work is determined by the fact that Russian syntax and the history of the Russian language in Siberia are insufficiently studied, as well as by the need to expand the source base of such research. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of historical syntax of the complex sentences in the texts of Siberian petitions, most of which are not published and has not previously been brought to the historical-grammatical research. The high source value and linguistic informativeness of the Siberian petitions of the 17th century are proved. These texts analyze complex sentences with paratactic and hypotactic connections. The article traces the peculiarities of their use in monuments of local business writing in the aspect of developing syntactic norms of the Russian national language. The arsenal of compositional and subordinate conjunctions used in such sentences is defined. The changes in the structure of complex sentences are found out. They reflect live folk speech, language consciousness of the Russian people in Siberia and at the same time they are typical for the syntactic system of the Russian national language in the initial period of its formation.

Being an active field for the interplay of diverse linguistic processes such as condensation, displacement, substitution and ellipsis manifested through a wide variety of literary devices in the pursuit to expand the semantic possibilities of language and communicate the experiential and interpersonal meanings aesthetically, the language of poetry and the unique ways by which different linguistic elements in it are structured and sequenced has always been a matter of curiosity among the linguists (Levin 1963a, Baker 1967, Landon 1968, Jakobson 1968, Cable 1970, Cureton 1981, Muller 1981). Expanding the scope of this linguistic enquiry to the poetry of North-East India, the present paper by the use of SFL model of taxis explores the text construction strategies in the poems of two hitherto linguistically unexplored North-East Indian poets Robin S. Ngangom and Mamang Dai in an endeavor to ascertain the most frequently used structures in the poems of these two poets, the tactic relations in the clause complexes in their poems, the use of embedding in their structures and the similarities or variations in the poetry of these two poets on account of the usage of taxis and embedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donald Davidson famously offered an explanation of "first-person authority" (1984). However, he described first-person authority differently across different works—sometimes referring to the presumptive truth of agents' self-ascriptions of their current mental states, and sometimes referring to the direct self-knowledge that agents often have of said states. First, I show that a standard Davidsonian explanation of first-person authority can at best, and with some modification, explain the presumptive truth of agents' self-ascriptions. I then develop two Davidsonian accounts of direct self-knowledge—one accounting for its function and another accounting for its source—pushing back in the process against deflationary and quietist rejoinders to these projects. Finally, I relate my Davidsonian accounts of direct self-knowledge back to the modified Davidsonian account of the presumptive truth of agents' self-ascriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La lengua ayoreo (familia zamuco) muestra un muy escaso conjunto de formantes cuasi universales para codificar las cláusulas incluidas: los subordinantes «uje» y «ujetiga», que marcan también los modos realis e irrealis, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las cláusulas adverbiales muestran un proceso de especificación en el que cada tipo semántico de cláusula tiende a recibir un trato específico. En el marco de la gramática del papel y la referencia, este trabajo pretende caracterizar los distintos recursos formales que la lengua manifiesta para codificar los distintos tipos semánticos de cláusulas adverbiales. Al mostrar cómo la lengua hace uso de los marcadores cuasi universales junto con otros elementos para codificar este tipo de construcciones, este trabajo abona a la caracterización del proceso en marcha de pasaje de un sistema primordialmente paratáctico hacia uno con formas de inclusión clausal claramente determinadas.

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Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Even though it has been noted quite early that the conjunction UND may also serve as a relative/equative particle or even a subjunction in Middle High German and Early New High German, corpus-based empirical studies are lacking so far. Based on new empirical data, I show that non-coordinating UND originated in the Upper German dialect area during the 12th century, subsequently spreading to the Central German dialect area and reaching the peak of its use in the 14th century. In contrast to recent literature, I argue that the non-coordinating use of the conjunction originated from semantically and syntactically ambiguous constructions of the form UND-XP-VFIN. I also propose that the earliest instances of the phenomenon are (adverbial) relative constructions and that the temporal and the equative function developed via reanalysis of adverbial relative clauses with a temporal/modal head element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teiwa, an Alor-Pantar language of the Trans-New Guinea family, has been characterized as expressing speech reports not with complementation, but with combinations of two clauses juxtaposed under a single intonation contour with no morphological indication for integration (Klamer 2010: A Grammar of Teiwa, Mouton de Gruyter). We argue, contra Klamer, that speech and attitude reports in Teiwa should be analyzed as embedding (or hypotaxis). We present evidence from intonation, syntax and semantics that speech reports are expressed by a single, monosentential structure in Teiwa with embedding of the speech report. Our results also show that purely morphological diagnostics can be unreliable for distinguishing between a monosentential or bisentential structure of speech reports. We describe several formal experiments from our fieldwork that provide more reliable tests. Our result has implications for both the ongoing theoretical discussions of clausal complementation, complementizer agreement, grammaticalization of complementizers and the historical evolution of complementation.

This article analyzes the prosodic behavior of akye paratactic constructions in order to check whether prosody can be a criterion to identify these kinds of constructions. Clearly, we determine formal criteria to recognize paratactic constructions in akye. Using the Praat software, we analyze the prosodic contours of these utterances, which helped us to apprehend some regularity in terms of prosodic boundaries. Akye, for information, is a tonal language and tones are likely to influence the intonation curve. This study has also highlighted the difficulty to determine the relations existing between speech clauses by considering only the prosodic structure of an utterance.

The aim of the paper is to compare and contrast a few select ways in which the poetic use of parataxis can convey a specific political message. Parataxis is understood here broadly, as a certain organizational principle based on a cycle of denarrativization and renarrativization. The first part of the paper reflects on the role the paratactic technique has played within the language of the reactionary populists, both historically and in the recent years. Then, building on the observation that the denarrativized, seemingly „straightforward” nature of the paratactic speech makes it particularly useful for the purposes of right-wing populism, I ask whether parataxis can be reclaimed as a progressive force. In order to answer this question, I go back to some of the issues discussed by Ron Silliman, Fredric Jameson and Bob Perelman in the context of the Language movement and the so-called New Sentence. Here, the work of de- and renarrativization performed as a consequence of the paratactic loosening of conventional textual links and structures is seen as a direct response to the denarrativized nature of everyday life under late capitalism. In the final part of the paper, I contrast the New Sentence parataxis with a more practical, more spontaneous (albeit more conventional) approach embodied by June Jordan. The paratactic structures of her writing remain focused on denarrativization in all of its disruptive and provocative potential, allowing for a certain kind of immediate political intervention.

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A. H. Tammsaare was drawn to the musical tonality of prose. Importantly though, he did not wholeheartedly embrace sound patterning as a mode of writing. Rather, he preferred a semantic widening of ordinary language within a comprehensively holistic “spherical music”. In his novels, we can detect a deliberate use of rhythmic motion in sentences. This is evident primarily in the wealth of lexical and syntactic repetitions resulting in a parallelism of patterns. An obvious, although discreet, rhythmic design emerges in the thesisantithesis-synthesis parataxis the core words of which are the adversative and coordinating conjunctions aga (‘but’), and integrative ometi (‘yet’, ‘indeed’). The frequency with which these bound conjunctions occur in Tammsaare’s work surpasses that of ordinary speech by about four times, and it is twice as high as the statistical mean for literary texts. One might call this expressive of an epic but-mantra, a prose-poetic but-meter, or a narrative polysyndeton, and, from a philosophical point of view, a but-dialectic. Whenever a reader fails to appreciate Tammsaare’s underlying tone and does not discern the emotional flow of longing scepticism that issues from his dyadic-triadic chains, this pervasive, yet inconspicuously arguing, textual mode may seem unduly pretentious. Indeed, there is nothing to prevent a prose text from featuring a poetic style that is rooted in a poetry-like, paradigmatic parallelism as the poetic principle of formal and semantic equivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article we have conducted a number of grammatical and stylistic analyses on representative fragments from the monumental work of Livy. This analysis aims at discovering the particularities of construction in different types of texts, such as: Praefatio – the appeal to method, individual and collective portraits, discourses and battle scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his book La escritura errante: ilegibilidad y políticas del estilo en Latinoamérica (2016), Julio Prieto does not include any Mexican text. This raises the question whether this absence reflects a tendency toward a stronger marginalization of the so called Latin American "bad writing" in some national literary canons than in others. In an attempt to answer this question, I argue that Mexico has a very worthy representation of the "bad writing" practice in Cartucho (1931). In this book, Nellie Campobello uses a series of stylistic devices that highlight the shortcomings of the social body and point to a varied network of texts and traditions that may have influenced her. The analysis I develop results in a hypothesis about the relationship among deviant writing, the narrative of the North of Mexico, and the norms imposed from the geographical and cultural center of the country in order to forge a national literary canon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the theme of catastrophe in the works of Philippe Vasset entails encountering a paradox: almost all of his texts gravitate around various disasters affecting the contemporary world (from global warming to armed conflicts), and yet the author does not theorize this fact, nor do his texts contain an explicit denunciation of these catastrophes (with only one exception). This article examines theoretical and literary works by Vasset, and refers to critical studies of his texts (by Églantine Colon, Éric Trudel, and Pascal Mougin), to propose an explanation of this paradox. The absence of a condemnation of contemporary disasters in this author's works is interpreted as the result of his idealization of a mystical type of ecstasy which possesses catastrophic features. I analyze the main thematical and formal aspects of this mysticism and of the literary aesthetics it generates (such as the erasure of the narrator and the use of parataxis) in "L'Exofictif," Carte muette, Exemplaire de démonstration, and Un livre blanc. Based on the notion of parataxis as defined in Jean-François Lyotard's Le Différend and on references to La Conjuration and Une vie en l'air, the article ultimately suggests a political function for the ecstatic experience of catastrophe elaborated by Vasset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess and criticize the ideology held by some western linguists and authors; specifically, Kaplan (1966) and Johnstone (1987and 1991) who claim that Semitic languages, Arabic in particular, are mainly paratactic and not hypotactic. Their claims on which their studies are based will be critically presented, analyzed and discussed with much intention to find out whether Arabic is structurally paratactic or hypotactic. It is hypothesized that Arabic uses hypotactic structure at discoursal level as English does; and this kind of structure, which has a rhetorical function, is related to the overall discourse structure and ideology. From a discourse analysis perspective, the analysis reveals that the claims made by the two authors are intended purposefully to prove that Arab mentality cannot sustain a long stretch of argument via language / text; hence Arabic is based on parataxis. With reference to the results of analysis, these claims have been established on blatantly erroneous methodology, that is proved to be based on unreasonable opinions without enough thought or knowledge of Arabic discourse. This study serves as a call for translators, particularly in the Arab world, to pay more attention to the conceptual dichotomy between parataxis and hypotaxis as two underlying communicative functions of discourse structure that mirrors text producer's thought and ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]