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Cleistanthus collinus is a toxic plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, and all parts of the plant are poisonous. It is used as suicidal, homicidal, cattle and fish poison and for inducing criminal abortion. The leaves and plant parts are consumed in various forms for homicidal and suicidal and it results in symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, central nervous system symptoms, and vision disturbances. There is no specific antidote for the C. collinus poisoning. The percentage of mortality with C. collinus poisoning varies from 20% to 50%, and the mortality depends on the amount and mode of consumption of the leaves. The major phytoconstituents of the plant include ellagic acid, diphyllin, collinusin, cleistanthin A, and cleistanthin B. The two major compounds cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B were evaluated for pharmacological activities such as antineoplastic activity, antiviral activity, diuretic activity, neuromuscular blocking property, alpha receptor blocking property, and antioxidant effect. The current review focuses on the toxicological and pharmacological properties of this plant and its phytoconstituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a highly prevalent noncommunicable disease with low levels of awareness among the general public, as reported in numerous studies worldwide. Given the daunting nature of cancer, poor knowledge and awareness levels of this disease with regard to its warning signs, risk factors, and the importance of cancer screening among the public may lead to unfavorable health-related outcomes, such as delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, there is potential to tackle this issue with properly designed health educational interventions. Quasi-experimental studies can be implemented to raise awareness in this subject matter via a myriad of traditional and digitalized educational intervention methods. Relevant studies identified across electronic databases were categorized based on the various educational interventions employed in promoting cancer knowledge and awareness. The effectiveness of these interventional approaches was assessed based on the pre-test and post-test scores, which captured the changes in knowledge and awareness levels before and after the educational intervention. Varying outcomes were observed across the diverse methods in individuals of different age groups. Nevertheless, evidence-based cancer educational interventions often yield multifaceted positive outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the various approaches of educational interventions utilized to positively alter the knowledge and awareness on cancer among the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is a crucial physiological process that plays an indispensable role in sustaining overall health and well-being. It is well known that various factors affect the multifaceted dimensions of sleep, from its underlying mechanisms or comorbidity to its profound impact on physical and mental health. Sleep disorders are very common, frequently underdiagnosed, and often overlooked. They are also linked to a wide range of illnesses and may significantly reduce the quality of life. There is strong evidence that chronic diseases are more likely to develop due to the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation, which include cognitive decline, emotional and mental health problems, as well as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic health issues. Insufficiency of sleep and sleep disorders are common augurs of child/adolescent mental diseases, such as anxiety and depression, including suicidal thoughts. Additionally, we discuss a few sleep disorders, focusing on their effects, for instance, insomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome. Antioxidants are molecules that can benefit the body by combating detrimental free radicals, which have been associated with health ailments such as diabetes and cancer. These are groups of compounds that counterbalance free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and over the many clinical trials, they have been scientifically fascinating compounds due to their numerous advantages. As the relationship between sleep and health continues to evolve, this review highlights the intricate significance of antioxidants and their benefits for improving sleep quality and managing sleep deprivation. In addition to that, antioxidants are well known to defend the human body from oxidative stress and inflammation, which can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to various health ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review gives an insight on the anticariogenic role of each of the individual strains of Lactobacillus probiotics on Streptococcus mutans bacterium associated with dental caries and also attempts to emphasize the commercially approved oral probiotic products using Lactobacillus strains exclusively, against dental caries. Probiotics in bacteriotherapy have been an emerging strategy in the management of 'Dental caries'. Probiotics, protect the tooth surfaces from the competing microbial pathogens in the mouth. Lactobacillus species despite its acidogenicity has taken a breakthrough in the intervention of dental caries due to its acid buffering capacity with dairy product administration and as late colonizers for dental caries. This article compiled the pathogenesis of individual Lactobacillus strains of probiotics in a well-illustrated manner on S. mutans and also the list of the commercial products of oral probiotics with exclusive lactobacillus strains on S. mutans and its effect on dentistry. Probiotic formulations and recent strategies with future perspectives are emphasized. Also, the role of individual Lactobacillus strains and the associated commercial products against dental caries have been compiled to give additional knowledge regarding the changing strategic approach towards dental caries from the laboratory and clinician point of view. Restorative treatment strategies for dental caries act against both disease causing microbial species and commensal of the oral cavity resulting in undesirable adverse effects. As there is a need to switch to probiotics as a natural therapeutic approach, this review has sheds light on proposed pathogenesis, commercial products and future perspective that will promote researchers to work on new Lactobacillus probiotic formulations with greater efficacy in overcoming the emerging multispecies generating with time in caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study is planned to investigate the antidiabetic activity of hesperidin on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in Swiss Albino mice. Materials and Methods: The Swiss Albino mice were divided into six groups viz., normal control, diabetic control, insulin 0.75 IU/kg, hesperidin 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively (n = 6/group). All groups received treatments once daily for 21 consecutive days, except normal and diabetic control groups. The random blood glucose and body weight were determined on the pre-study day, 7, 14 and 21st day of the experiment. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected through the retro-orbital plexus puncture and used for the biochemical analysis. Results: Throughout the study, the diabetic control mice showed a significant increase in glucose level when compared with that of the control group, whereas the animals treated with insulin or hesperidin showed a significant reduction in the levels of glucose when compared with that of the diabetic control group. In biochemical analysis, the mice administered with the STZ showed a significant increase in the levels of AST, ALP and creatinine when compared with that of the control group. The mice administered with insulin or hesperidin showed a significant decrease in the AST and ALP when compared with that of the diabetic control group. Conclusion: Hesperidin showed significant antidiabetic activity on STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]