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Genus Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906 See Hong et al. (2011: 36) for generic diagnosis., Published as part of Ramage, Thibault & Jouault, Corentin, 2020, New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera), pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 723 on page 25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1141, http://zenodo.org/record/4249813, {"references":["Hong C. - F., van Achterberg C. & Xu Z. - F. 2011. A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys 110: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918"]}

Parastephanellus mouensis Aguiar, 2005 Figs 11, 12F Parastephanellus mouensis Aguiar in Aguiar & Jennings, 2005: 10. Material examined NEW CALEDONIA • 1 ♀; Grande Terre, Province Nord, Poindimié, Katalupaik; 20°51′11.12″ S, 165°0′34.66″ E; alt. 306 m; 18 Oct.–2 Nov. 2017; E. Poirier leg.; Malaise trap n°KAT3-MAL3; MNHN. Distribution Species known only from New Caledonia (Fig. 12F). See additional detail in Aguiar & Jennings (2005: 10). Remarks Previously, P. mouensis was known only from the holotype female collected at Mount Mou. During the 2017 “Our Planet Reviewed” expedition, an additional female was collected in a Malaise trap at Katalupaik, nearly 200 km north-west of the type locality. This female is 13.5 mm long and smaller than the holotype (18.8 mm). Otherwise, it differs from the type by: antennae with 29 flagellomeres, with tyloids absent from 23 rd– 29 th; petiole as strongly sculptured ventrally as dorsally, coarsely strigate all along its ventral surface; frons central tubercule yellow basally; genal stripes ivory, slightly narrower; hind tarsomere 1 ivory; T-III–VII apical margin brown, slightly lighter than the rest of the tergite. We believe this female belongs to P. mouensis and the differences described above to be intra-specific variations.

Parastephanellus mufeedae Narendran & Sureshan, 2001 (Fig. 72) Parastephanellus mufeedae Narendran & Sureshan, 2001, Zoos Print J., 16(10), 597���599. Type material. Holotype ♀, mounted on rectangular card, India: Kerala, Malappuram district, Tirur (11��00���N & 76��00���E, 40m), 08.ix.1999, Coll. C.A. Mufeeda, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRC /IR/INV.1890. Examined. Diagnosis. Body length 8.2 mm; ovipositor sheath length 13.0 mm. Frons with transverse irregular carinae with rugose and reticulate interstices; vertex with several cross carinae followed by a longitudinal medial grove; temple with distinct pale streak; pronotal fold indistinct; mesoscutum with a median pitted grove, notauli distinct, pitted on the posterior half; scutellum shiny with very fine reticulation, 1.5�� as long as mesoscutum; propodeum with scattered shallow pits and fine reticulate interstices; metapleuron foveate; hind femora bidentate ventrally with 3���4 denticles in between the teeth and a few denticles basally; first metasomal tergite strongly annulate, basally rugate reticulate, distally smooth, shorter than remaining segments; ovipositor sheath 2.5�� as long as metasoma, without a subapical pale band. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Oriental: India (Kerala). Host. Unknown., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367, {"references":["Narendran, T. C. & Sureshan, P. M. (2001) A new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) from India. Zoos' Print Journal, 16 (10), 597 - 599. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 16.10.597 - 9"]}

Parastephanellus narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg & Santhosh sp. nov. (Figs 73���83) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DA69B4AC-DFB9-438B-A29E-18DBA6DEBAC3 Type material. Holotype ♀, India: Kerala, Idukki district, Elappara (9��38���18.1���N & 76��58���56.8���E, 1030 m), 23.v.2019, Coll. C. Binoy, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRC /IR/INV.13597. Paratype 1 ♀, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRC /IR/INV.13598, same collection data as that of holotype. Diagnosis. Head in dorsal view almost oblique behind eyes; pronotum posteriorly well emarginate, entire surface finely transverse rugose joining onto the mesoscutum and with scattered setae; sdc1 of fore wing robust and 2.3�� longer than wide; hind coxa with strong transverse rugae and without a dorsal tooth, long scattered setae arising from the surface; first three metasomal tergites dark brown to black, first tergite apically and second tergite basally brownish orange; first metasomal segment narrow in lateral view; first tergite 9.1�� as long as its maximum width with strong irregular coarsely transverse rugae. The new species runs close to P. malabaricus in having mesoscutum with median longitudinal row of pits and no median carina and metapleuron with a smooth area separating it from propodeum. But it differs from P. malabaricus as follows: ovipositor sheath 0.6�� as long as body (in P. malabaricus ovipositor sheath subequal to length of body); vertex rugate, rugae almost reaching the occiput (medially strong) (in P. malabaricus vertex smooth posteriorly, median area weakly rugate); pronotum finely transversely striate (in P. malabaricus pronotum smooth). Description. Holotype, ♀. Body length 13 mm, ovipositor sheath length 6.7 mm, fore wing length 3.9 mm. Colour. Brownish black; tegula and palpi dark brown; scape brown with apical tip honey brown, pedicel, F1���F4, F5 and F6 basally honey brown, rest of flagellomeres deep brown; malar space with a pale yellow patch below eyes (Fig. 53); mandibles brown with apices black; all coxae, and femora liver brown; trochanters paler, all tibia liver brown in basal half, followed by paler are apically; all tarsi brown; wing membrane slightly brownish at cubital cells, pterostigma and veins deep brown, base of pterostigma pale; ovipositor sheath brownish black with a small pale spot apically. Head. Antenna with 28 antennomeres; F2 onwards surface distinctly pitted; frons uniformly rugose near the inner eye margin, coarsely rugose medially, with scattered setae; five anterior coronal teeth, antero-medial one largest, followed by two pairs of posterior arcuate ones, with few carinae radiating from middle teeth to the last pair through the median ocellus (Fig. 76); a curving carinae present behind the posterior teeth forming a subtriangular to pentagonal space with a small median carinae and irregular rugae; vertex rugose beyond the lateral ocellus, turning into irregular fine striae reaching the occipital carina, widely smooth laterally; temples non-angulate, largely smooth and shiny (Fig. 75); occipital carina complete, reaching the mandibles anteriorly. Mesosoma. Neck short with strong transverse and emarginate rugae, in level with pronotum without forming a cavity medially; pronotum strongly rugose without any distinct carinae, sparsely setose, posterior margin emarginated; propleuron smooth and shiny, sparsely setose; mesonotum irregularly foveolate with smooth interspaces, truncating on a straight scutellar line posteriorly; median grove distinct, notauli distinctly foveolate delimiting large coarsely rugose axillae (Fig. 77); mesopleuron dorsally with coarse rugae extending as alutaceous sculpturing ventro-laterally with scattered white setae; scutellum small, coriaceous, medially smooth with scattered large setigerous pits; metapleuron finely rugose without setae (Fig. 78); propodeum variable, anteriorly with fine alutaceous rugae turning into large irregular areola posteriorly, a smooth area flanging apical fovea delimited by a transverse carina, a median protuberance apically joining first metasomal tergite; fore wing semi-hyaline with scattered minute setae, 1-M 2.9�� 1-SR, almost straight; vein r reaching before the apex of pterostigma; sdc1 robust, 2.3�� as long as its maximum width; cu-a obsolete or absent (Fig. 80); hind coxa robust, without a dorsal teeth and with strong rugae throughout; hind femur widened, smooth with alutaceous sculpturing and scattered sparse white setae, ventrally with 2 large teeth and several denticles in between; hind tibia alutaceous with moderate pubescence, 1.4�� as long as hind femur, apical inflated part (i.e., apical part with sculpture different from basal petiolate part) 1.9�� as wide as narrow basal part, narrow part 1.4�� as long as wider part, widened part with distinct oblique inverted obsolete V shaped carinae; hind tarsus with three tarsomeres, sub-parallel sided 4.3�� as long as wide medially and 2.6�� as long as second tarsal segment (Fig. 79). Metasoma. First tergite 9.15�� as long as its maximum width, 2.39�� as long as second tergite, cylindrical with irregular strong rugae throughout the length and white setae along the lateral margins, apically smooth (Fig. 81); second tergite smooth and shiny medially, fine alutaceous laterally and apically; third to seventh tergites finely reticulate to alutaceous with scattered small white setae; eighth tergite finely pitted, setose and deeply furcate apically, no pygidial protuberance present apically (Fig. 82); ovipositor sheath 0.5�� as long as body and 1.69�� as long as fore wing (Fig. 83). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Oriental: India (Kerala). Biology. Unknown, presumably attacking wood boring beetles infesting fallen woods. Etymology. The species is named after the late Prof. Dr. T.C. Narendran for his large contributions in the field of hymenopteran taxonomy in India., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 37-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367

Key to Indian species of Parastephanellus 1. Vein 2-SR+M of fore wing absent (Fig. 91)....................... P. reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar & Santhosh sp. nov. - Vein 2-SR+M of fore wing largely present (Figs 72, 80)....................................................... 2 2. Pale streak of temple scarcely noticeable........................................................ P. scitus Elliott - Pale streak of temple distinctly developed.................................................................. 3 3. Ovipositor sheath distinctly longer than body (Fig. 72); mesoscutum without median longitudinal row of pits but with a median carina; metapleuron without a smooth area separating from propodeum; [vertex with several cross carinae and with a mediolongitudinal grove]........................................................ P. mufeedae Narendran & Sureshan - Ovipositor sheath approx. as long as or distinctly shorter than body; mesoscutum with median longitudinal row of pits and no median carina; metapleuron with a smooth area separating it from propodeum..................................... 4 4. Ovipositor sheath subequal to length of body; vertex mostly smooth, two strong carinae followed by weak striae (medially indistinct); pronotum smooth................................................ P. malabaricus Narendran & Sheela - Ovipositor sheath 0.5× as long as body; vertex rugate, almost reaching the occiput (medially strong); pronotum finely transverse striate............................................. P. narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg & Santhosh sp. nov.

Parastephanellus scitus Elliott, 1919 Parastephanellus scitus Elliott, 1919b, Entomologist, 52, 163. Type material. Holotype ♂, India: West Bengal, Pusha (22��03���32.6���N & 87��30���16.8���E, 61m), 21.vi.1911, Coll. T.B.F, Repository? (Type specimen missing). Diagnosis. Body length 8.0 mm. Frons strongly arcuate striate; vertex and occiput trans-striate; vertex with two carinae between posterior ocelli; short neck; pronotum trans-striate, extreme base smooth; mesoscutum finely punctate; metapleura coarsely punctate; wings slightly iridescent; hind coxa coarsely striate; hind femora finely trans-striate, ventrally bidentate; first metasomal tergite finely tans-striate, as long as the remaining metasomal segments combined. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Oriental: India (West Bengal). Host. Unknown. Note. The types of this species seems to be lost, therefore, the above mentioned diagnosis is obtained from the original description., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367, {"references":["Elliott, E. A. (1919 b) Two new Stephanidae. The Entomologist, 52, 162 - 163."]}

Parastephanellus reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar & Santhosh sp. nov. (Figs 84���94) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1EBB1316-6C62-499F-96E0-B9CCC2A19C5D Type material. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Alagiapandiapuram (8��18���27.7���N & 77��26���19.1���E, 30m), 16.ii.2020, Coll. Souvik Sen & party, (ZSIK). Reg. No. ZSI/ WGRC /IR/ INV.14261. Diagnosis. The new species possesses an important and unique character in having the fore wing with vein 2- SR+M absent. Head in dorsal view rounded behind eyes; neck moderately emarginated; pronotum posteriorly well emarginate, forming a gap between a lower mesoscutum; hind coxa with strong transverse rugae and without a dorsal tooth; first metasomal tergite almost equal to rest of metasoma (excluding ovipositor), 6.7�� as long as its maximum width with strong irregular coarsely transverse rugae anteriorly, proceeding as annulate sculpturing beyond. Description. Holotype, ♀. Body length 6.01 mm, ovipositor sheath length 3.82 mm, fore wing length 3.26 mm. Colour. Black; tegula and palpi dark brown; scape brown with apical tip honey brown, pedicel, F1���F4, F5 and F6 basally honey brown, rest of flagellomeres deep brown; frons brown with yellowish patches near inner orbits and on lower face along the toruli; malar space with a pale yellow patch below eyes (Fig. 86) extending to the occiput posteriorly; mandibles yellowish brown with apices black (Fig. 88); all tibia liver brown, paler apically; all tarsi yellowish brown to testaceous, hind basitarsus pale yellowish; wings hyaline, pterostigma translucent, margins brown, veins mostly translucent brown; first metasomal tergite apically and second metasomal tergite basally brownish; second tergite onwards pale orange brown apical margins; apical tip of hypopygium orange brown; ovipositor sheath brownish black with a small pale spot on expanded ventral and apical area. Head. Antenna with 29 antennomeres; F2 onwards surface distinctly pitted; frons with subparallel uniform rugae, medially coarse, few scattered setae; coronal area smooth with few strong rugae; clypeus projecting, rugose, with apical brush of setae; five anterior coronal teeth, antero-medial one largest, reddish brown, followed by a pair of arcuate ones and blunt ones posteriorly; behind the posterior teeth a couple of straight carinae present; vertex faintly rugose beyond the lateral ocellus along the eye margin, medially bare, almost smooth (Fig. 87); temples non-angulate, largely smooth and shiny (Fig. 86); occipital carina strong, complete, almost straight, reaching the mandibles anteriorly. Mesosoma. Neck short, emarginate anteriorly, in level with pronotum without forming a cavity medially; pronotum medially moderately rugose without any distinct carinae, sparsely setose, posteriorly smooth, shiny with margin emarginated; pronotal margin forming a large gap at pronotal-mesoscutal margin; propleuron smooth and shiny forming buttressing ridges ventrally, sparsely setose; mesoscutum with medial foveolate furrow; anteriorly imbricate to alutaceous, medially with irregular fovea and a pair of converging accessorial carina beyond middle, 0.7�� as wide as long, sparsely setose; scutellum large, as long as wide, alutaceous with scattered punctures and sparsely setose; axillae separated from each other by a deep and an indistinct fovea (Fig. 89); mesopleuron alutaceous with moderately dense white setae, smooth posteriorly (Fig. 90); propodeum with large irregular areola and smooth to imbricate interstices, inside of areola smooth, a transverse curving carina present sub apically (Fig. 89); fore wing hyaline with scattered minute setae concentrated more on apically, 2-SR+M absent, 1-M 1.43�� 1-SR, almost straight; vein r reaching before the apex of pterostigma; 3-CU 1 obsolete, 2-1A absent (Fig. 91); hind coxa robust, without a dorsal teeth and with strong rugae anteriorly, turning annular posteriorly; hind femur moderately widened, smooth, alutaceous sculpturing and scattered sparse long white setae, ventrally with 2 large teeth and several denticles in between and beyond apical teeth, basal tooth wide, faintly rugose; hind tibia with uniform rugae ventrally, moderately pubescent, 1.27�� as long as hind femur, apical inflated part (i.e., apical part with sculpture different from basal petiolate part) 1.06�� as wide as narrow basal part, widened part with distinct oblique inverted obsolete V shaped carinae; hind tarsus with three tarsomeres, sub-parallel sided 4�� as long as second tarsal segment (Fig. 92). Metasoma. First tergite 8.6�� as long as its maximum width, 0.73�� as long as remaining metasomal tergites, cylindrical with irregular strong rugae throughout the length, apically smooth (Fig. 93); second tergite smooth and shiny medially, fine alutaceous laterally and apically; fifth to seventh tergites finely reticulate to alutaceous with scattered small white setae; eighth tergite finely reticulate, setose and furcate apically, no pygidial protuberance present apically; ovipositor sheath 0.63�� length of the body and 1.17�� as long as fore wing (Fig. 94). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Oriental: India (Tamil Nadu). Biology. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named after the peculiar feature in having vein 2-SR+M of fore wing reduced/absent., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 40-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367

Parastephanellus malabaricus Narendran & Sheela, 1995 Parastephanellus malabaricus Narendran & Sheela, 1995, Bull. Pure and Appl. Sci., 14A, 45���47. Type material. Holotype ♀, India: Kerala, Malappuram district, Nedumkayam forest (11��17���28.7���N & 76��20���24.3���E, 400 m), 12.i.1995, Coll. P. Aboobacker, (ZSIK) (Type specimen missing). Diagnosis. Body length 5 mm; ovipositor sheath length 4.8 mm. Frons transversely striate with oblique striation between coronal teeth; vertex mostly smooth with a pair of strong carinae followed by weak striae and a posterior longitudinal medial grove; pronotum smooth, pronotal fold concave; mesoscutum with deep scattered pits; scutellum polished, twice as long as mesoscutum; metapleuron rugose reticulate; propodeum rugose, sparsely punctured; hind coxa transversely striate; hind femora bidentate ventrally with few tubercles; first metasomal tergite finely trans-carinate, a little shorter than remaining segments except ovipositor; ovipositor sheath a trifle longer than body, without a subapical pale band. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Oriental: India (Kerala). Host. Unknown. Note. The holotype was not traceable, therefore, the above mentioned diagnosis is obtained from the original description., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367, {"references":["Narendran, T. C. & Sheela, S. (1995) On a new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) from India. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 14 A (1), 45 - 47."]}

Genus Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906 Stephanus (part) Westwood, 1874: 126. Parastephanus Enderlein, 1905: 474. [Preoccupied by H��ckel for Protista]. Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906: 301. Hemistephanus Moore, 1962: 93. [Misidentification] Parastephanellus (Parastephanellus) Narendran & Sheela, 1995: 45. Type species by original designation: Stephanus pygmaeus Enderlein, 1901. Diagnosis. Members of Parastephanellus Enderlein are characterised by a pale yellowish streak along the eye as in Foenatopus; short and robust neck, without a pronotal fold medially or carinae; 2-CU1 of fore wing complete; 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing present (vein 2S-SR+M absent in P. reductus sp. nov.), sometimes only pigmented; 1-SR of fore wing straight; hind tibia with distinct oblique striae or carinae ventrally, rarely without; ovipositor sheath without ivory subapical band. Distribution. Australian, Palaearctic and Oriental. Notes. 58 species in the genus Parastephanellus are known worldwide, of which only three species are reported from India (Elliot 1919b; Narendran & Sheela 1995; Narendran & Sureshan 2001). Two new species viz., P. narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg & Santhosh sp. nov. and P. reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar & Santhosh sp. nov. are described here with illustrations and are incorporated into a key to Indian species., Published as part of Binoy, C., Achterberg, C. Van, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. & Sheela, S., 2020, A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4403367, {"references":["Enderlein, G. (1906) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis und Klassifikation der Stephaniden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 47, 289 - 306.","Westwood, J. O. (1874) Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis; or illustrations of new, rare, and interesting insects, for the most part contained on the collections presented to the University of Oxford by the Rev. F. W. Hope ... with forty plates from drawings by the author. Oxford. At the Clarendon press, Oxford, 205 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14077","Enderlein, G. (1905) Uber die Klassifikation der Stephaniden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28 (13), 473 - 477.","Moore, K. M. (1962) Observations on some Australian forest insects. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 59, 87 - 95.","Narendran, T. C. & Sheela, S. (1995) On a new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) from India. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 14 A (1), 45 - 47.","Narendran, T. C. & Sureshan, P. M. (2001) A new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) from India. Zoos' Print Journal, 16 (10), 597 - 599. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 16.10.597 - 9"]}

Parastephanellus evexus Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. Figs 43–61 Parastephanellus brevistigma; Chen et al. 2016a: 119 –122 (♂). Type material. Holotype, ♀ (NWUX): “[SE China:] Jiangxi, Quannan, 650 m, 16.vi.2008, Sichang Li ”. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (NWUX): topotypic and same data; 1 ♂ (SCAU): “[SE China:] Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve, 6.x.2004, Zaifu Xu ” Diagnosis. Ivory streak of temple distinctly contrasting with dark brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 46), separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Figs 53, 60); temples of ♀ strongly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 53); frons of ♀ dark brown; medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Figs 43, 47); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 47); posterior part of pronotum and mesoscutum moderately high in lateral view (Fig. 43); vein 1-M of fore wing approx. 1.2 × vein m-cu and 1.8–1.9 × vein 1-SR (Fig. 45); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 45); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. 1.5 × longer than vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing up to level of apex of vein r; first metasomal tergite of ♀ very slender and approx. 9.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 44); pygidial area of ♀ moderately emarginated apically, not protruding and rounded latero-apically (Fig. 54); ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body and 1.8 × as long as fore wing. Runs in the key to Parastephanellus by Elliott (1928) either to P. rubripictus Elliott, 1917, or to P. crassicoxae Elliott, 1928. The new species differs from P. rubripictus by having the frons coarsely vermiculate-rugose (rugosepunctate in P. rubripictus), the moderately wide and medium-sized pterostigma (long and narrow), the first tergite 0.8 × as long as remainder of metasoma (of equal length), the neck with transverse carinae (with longitudinal carinae) and the coarsely foveolate propodeum (coarsely reticulate-rugose). It differs from P. crassicoxae by having the hind coxa elongated (very stout in P. crassicoxae), the coarsely foveolate propodeum (reticulatepunctate) and the propleuron largely smooth (transversely aciculate). Description. Holotype, ♀, length of body 13.5 mm, of fore wing 7.6 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 13.0 mm. Head. Antenna incomplete, with 10 segments remaining, third segment with one circular sensillum ventrally, fourth segment with 4 circular sensilla; frons coarsely vermiculate-rugose (Fig. 52); three anterior coronal teeth large and lobe-shaped (Fig. 53), both posterior ones wider and arcuate; vertex largely coarsely rugose anteriorly, largely smooth posteriorly, only medially transversely aciculate; temple strongly convex, smooth and shiny (Fig. 46), angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 53). Mesosoma. Neck short and transversely carinate, anteriorly distinctly emarginated (Figs 46–48), posteriorly with transverse groove in front of oblique posterior part of pronotum (Fig. 47), posterior part rugulose medioanteriorly, costate below tegula (Figs 47, 48); propleuron largely smooth and shiny except laterally; mesopleuron rather shiny (except anteriorly), superficially coriaceous and medially foveolate (Fig. 47), anteriorly densely yellowish setose; scutellum finely aciculate medially and with foveolae laterally (Fig. 48); propodeum coarsely foveolate and with narrow coriaceous interspaces (Figs 47, 48); metapleuron very coarsely foveolate, convex medially. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 45): pterostigma 5.8 × as long as wide and rather abruptly rounded apically; vein 1-M 1.9 × as long as vein 1-SR and 1.2 × vein m-cu; vein 1-SR as long as vein 2-SR+M; vein cu-a distinctly antefurcal and reclivous; vein 2-SR 1.5 × as long as vein r; vein r ends near level of apex of pterostigma; basal part of pterostigma twice as long as apical part (Fig. 43); vein 1-M and vein r distinctly curved; vein 1-SR as long as parastigmal vein; vein 3-CU1 largely nebulous and widened posteriorly, only basal 0.1 tubular (Fig. 45). Legs. Hind coxa elongated, 3.4 × longer than wide, with small flattened granulate dorso-lateral area (Fig. 49), largely coarsely rugose; hind femur coriaceous, ventrally with 2 large teeth and one smaller basal tooth (Fig. 50); hind tibia 1.2 × as long as hind femur, largely coriaceous and ventrally with oblique carinae, inner side with distinct v-shaped impression, basal narrow part of hind tibia as long as widened part; ventral length of hind basitarsus 4.7 × as long as wide. Metasoma. First tergite densely transversely striate, 9.5 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 44), 2.5 × second tergite and 0.8 × metasoma without first tergite; second tergite basally with some rugae; remainder of metasoma rather shiny and very superficially cellular-coriaceous; pygidial area triangularly depressed, apically moderately circularly emarginated and latero-apically rounded, not protruding (Fig. 54); ovipositor sheath nearly as long as body (Fig. 43). Colour. Black or blackish brown; temple with ivory streak along eye long, well differentiated and nearly up to occipital carina (Figs 46, 53); middle tibia basally and narrowly apically and most of middle basitarsus white; remainder of tarsi and four basal antennal segments brown; palpi pale yellowish but basally dark brown; face, temple posteriorly, frons ventrally, pronotum ventrally, propleuron, fore leg largely (except tarsus), middle coxa and femur, metasoma apically and ventrally (except first tergite), hind tibia largely, pterostigma (except whitish base) and veins dark brown; apex of hind coxa partly ivory (Fig. 49); wing membrane subhyaline. Male. Length of body 7.6 mm, of fore wing 4.3 mm, antenna with 26 segments. Similar to female but frons brownish yellow (Fig. 59), vertex mainly regularly transversely striate but rugose anteriorly, temples evenly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 60), foveolation of mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum reduced, flattened area of hind coxa larger and coxa 3.9 × longer than wide), first tergite 8.7 × longer than wide and base of second tergite orange brown. Parameres moderately convex and setose (Fig. 58). Distribution. China (* Guangdong, * Jiangxi). Etymology. Named “ evexus ” (Latin for “rounded at the top”), because of the rounded apex of the metasoma of the ♀. Notes. The male of P. brevicoxalis sensu Chen et al. (2016) is transferred to this species, because of the slender first tergite (nearly 11 × as long as wide, Fig. 20; not the description!), the reduced dentition basally of the median tooth of the hind femur, the venation of the fore wing, and the dorsally narrow ivory streak of temple. The gradually sloping pronotum and normal hind coxa (about 3 × as long as wide) fit in with this transfer. Only the colour of the posterior part of the temple differs: rather dark brown in the paratype from Jiangxi and brown in the paratype from Guangdong.

Parastephanellus brevistigma Enderlein, 1913 Figs 35���42 Parastephanellus brevistigma Enderlein, 1913: 203; Aguiar 2004: 65; Hong et al. 2011: 41, 42 (p.p.). Diagnosis. Pale yellowish streak of temple hardly contrasting with yellowish brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 42), reaching occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 41); temples slightly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 41); frons of ♀ unknown; medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Fig. 36); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 36); pronotum stout in dorsal view (Fig. 37); vein 1-M of fore wing approx. 1.1 �� as long as vein m-cu and 2.1 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 35); vein 1-SR of fore wing weakly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 35); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. as long as vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing not surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 35); pterostigma rather abruptly narrowed apically (Fig. 35); hind coxa of ♂ approx. 3.7 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 38); first metasomal tergite, length of ovipositor sheath and pygidial area of ♀ unknown. Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on page 335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Enderlein, G. (1913) Die Stephaniden Formosas. Zoologische Anzeiger, 42, 202 - 212.","Aguiar, A. P. (2004) World catalog of the Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zootaxa, 753, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 464.1.1","Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918"]}

Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 Figs 18–34 Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011: 39 –41. Material: 5 ♀ (NWUX, RMNH): “[NE China:] Liaoning, Haicheng, Chagou, Hongqiling, 7/ 8.vi.2015, Maoling Sheng”, “reared from stem of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. infested by Curculionidae ”; 4 ♂ (NWUX, RMNH), same data but 31. v./1 / 3.vi.2015. Diagnosis. Ivory streak of temple more or less contrasting with chestnut to orange brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 26), separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Figs 25, 33); temples evenly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 25); frons of ♀ largely dark brown; medio-anteriorly pronotum steeply arising behind neck (Fig. 19); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 19); vein 1-M of fore wing about as long as vein m-cu and 1.1–1.6 × vein 1-SR (Fig. 18); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and approx. 1.5 × as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 18); vein m-cu of fore wing 1.5–1.7 × longer than vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Figs 18, 28); hind coxa of ♀ 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 21; ♂ up to 2.6 x); first metasomal tergite of ♀ moderately robust, 4.4–5.5 × as long as wide (cf. Fig. 30); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ wide (Fig. 22), distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically; ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.7 × as long as body. Description. Figured ♂ from Liaoning, length of fore wing 7.4 mm, and of body 10.8 mm. Head. Antenna with 30 segments; three coronal teeth large and distinctly carinate; frons coarsely transversely rugose (Fig. 32); vertex transversely striate-rugose (Fig. 33); temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 29), evenly convex behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 33). Mesosoma. Pronotum distinctly sculptured; laterally neck with several carinae; posterior part of pronotum rugulose medially and steep anteriorly; scutellum coriaceous and with several foveolae; metapleuron reticulate rugose dorsally; propodeum coarsely foveolate. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 28): vein 1-M 1.6 × as long as vein 1-SR and 1.2 × vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly antefurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 1.5 × as long as vein r; pterostigma rather directly narrowed apically, 5.0 × as long as wide; vein r ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 28); vein 1-SR 1.3 × as long as parastigmal vein; basal 0.3 of vein 3-CU1 tubular, remainder largely nebulous, apically distinctly widened. Legs. Hind coxa 2.2 × as long as wide (in latero-dorsal view; Fig. 31; in other males up to 2.6 x), flat area and laterally densely aciculate and remainder regularly transversely rugose; hind femur (Fig. 27) strongly swollen, shiny, densely aciculate-coriaceous and with 2 large ventral teeth; hind tibia 1.1 × as long as hind femur, basal narrow part 1.1 × as long as widened part; outer side of hind tibia aciculate-coriaceous and ventrally with some oblique carinae; widened part of inner side distinctly V-shaped depressed subbasally and densely setose apically; ventral length of hind basitarsus 3.4 × as long as its apical width. Metasoma. First tergite coarsely reticulate rugose basally and remainder rather finely transversely rugose, 4.7 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 30), 1.7 × as second tergite and 0.7 × as second and following tergites combined; second tergite basally rugulose, remainder of metasoma superficially micro-reticulate; pygidial process distinct and tubular apically (Fig. 34); parameres convex, densely and moderately long setose (cf. Fig. 86). Colour. Black; four basal antennal segments, palpi and frons brownish yellow; face, temple ventrally, and temple near eye, streak up to vertex, base of middle tibia and basitarsus, pale yellowish (Figs 27, 29); temple posteriorly, fore leg (except coxa up to base of femur), reminder of middle tibia and tarsus, middle femur anteriorly, narrow part of hind tibia, hind tarsus and base of second tergite mainly orange brown; pterostigma (but base narrowly ivory) and veins dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline. Variation. Length of fore wing 6.0– 8.5 mm, and of body 9.1–11.6 mm; hind coxa 2.2–2.6 × longer than its maximum width; whitish basal part of pterostigma is sometimes more conspicuous than shown in Fig. 28; narrow part of hind tibia orange or dark brown. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, * Liaoning). Notes. Chen et al. (2016) associated a male with this species and described it. Now we have a reared series of P. brevicoxalis with both sexes, it is obviously the incorrect male, because the reared males fit much better with the key characters of the female holotype (as elucidated above in the key). Therefore, we describe below for the first time the male of this species. For the male described by Chen et al. (2016a) see P. evexus.

Parastephanellus zhejiangensis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 Figs 92���99 Parastephanellus zhejiangensis Hong et al. 2011: 44, 45. Diagnosis. Pale yellowish streak of temple moderately contrasting with brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 99), reaching occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 98); temples slightly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 98); frons of ♀ largely orange brown (Fig. 97); medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Fig. 93); pronotum below tegulae with some rugulae (Fig. 93); pronotum stout in dorsal view (Fig. 94); vein 1-M of fore wing approx. 1.3 �� as long as vein m-cu and 2.2 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 92); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 92); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. 2.5 �� longer than vein 2- SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 92); pterostigma obtuse apically (Fig. 92); hind coxa of ♀ approx. 3 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 96); first metasomal tergite of ♀ robust, approximately 4 �� as long as its maximum width; pygidial area of ♀ not protruding latero-apically and emargination shallow (Fig. 95); ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body. Distribution. China (Zhejiang)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 345-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918"]}

Parastephanellus angulatus Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 Figs 3���10 Parastephanellus angulatus Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011: 38, 39. Diagnosis. Pale yellowish streak of temple strongly contrasting with brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 9), remaining separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 8); temples angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 8); frons of ♀ dark brown; medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck and moderately sculptured (Fig. 4); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 4); pronotum moderately robust in dorsal view (Fig. 5); vein 1-M of fore wing approx. 1.3 �� as long as vein m-cu and 2.2 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 3); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and approx. 1.3 �� as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 3); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. twice as long as vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 3); pterostigma rather abruptly narrowed apically, slightly widened subdistally and approx. 4 �� as long as wide (Fig. 3); hind coxa of ♀ approx. 4 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view; first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 8.3 �� as long as its maximum width; ovipositor sheath approx. 1.5 �� as long as body. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918"]}

Parastephanellus matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006 Figs 62���69 Parastephanellus matsumotoi van Achterberg (in van Achterberg & Quicke), 2006: 219 ���221; Hong et al. 2011: 43 ���44 (p.p.). Material. 3 ♀ + 6 ♂ (ZJUH): ���[China:] Henan, Luoshan, Lingshan, 22.v.2000, Cai Ping, Nos 200101873, 200101876, 200101882, 200101884, 200101893, 200101896, 200101906, 200101908, 200101911���. Diagnosis. Ivory streak of temple distinctly contrasting with dark brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 69), separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 68); temples evenly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 68); frons of ♀ largely dark brown laterally, medially and ventrally more or less reddish brown (Fig. 67); medio-anteriorly pronotum steeply arising behind neck (Fig. 63); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 63); vein 1- M of fore wing 1.1���1.3 �� as long as vein m-cu and 1.1���1.5 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 62); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and 1.5���2.5 �� as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 62); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. 1.5 �� longer than vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends far behind level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 62); hind coxa of ♀ 2.7���3.0 �� as long as wide in dorsolateral view (Fig. 65); first metasomal tergite of ♀ slender, 6.8���7.5 �� as long as wide; emargination of pygidial area of ♀ wide (Fig. 66), distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically (Fig. 66); ovipositor sheath 1.5���1.8 �� as long as body. Distribution. China (Henan), Japan (Kyushu), Korea. Notes. As well illustrated by Hong et al. (2011) two forms exist in China; one with anteriorly steep posterior part of pronotum (as in typical P. matsumotoi from Japan: Figs 312���324 in Hong et al. 2011; Fig. 63) and one with anteriorly gradually sloping posterior part of pronotum (Figs 325���337 l.c.; Fig. 73). Thanks to the large series from Taibai Mt. it became obvious that the specimens with gradually lowered anterior slope of the pronotum are a separate species because the different pronotum is combined with a different venation of the fore wing (see couplet 1 of the key). It is described below as P. yixiwui sp. n. from Shaanxi and Henan., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["van Achterberg, C. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2006) Taxonomic notes on Old World Stephanidae (Hymenoptera): description of Parastephanellus matsumotoi sp. n. from Japan, redescription of Commatopus xanthocephalus (Cameron) and keys to the genera Profoenatopus van Achterberg and Megischus Brulle. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 149, 215 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000202","Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918"]}

Parastephanellus austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995, reinstated Figs 11���17 Parastephanellus politus Chao, 1964 (not Elliott, 1928): 380, 387. Parastephanellus austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995: 22 (new name for junior homonym); Aguiar 2004: 65; Hong et al. 2011: 41 (as synonym of P. brevistigma Enderlein, 1913). Diagnosis. Pale yellowish streak of temple moderately to hardly contrasting with brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 17), remaining separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 16); temples slightly angulate in dorsal view; frons of ♀ brownish yellow; medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck and superficially sculptured (Fig. 12); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 12); pronotum stout in dorsal view (Fig. 13); vein 1-M of fore wing 0.9���1.1 �� as long as vein m-cu and 2.1 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 35); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 35); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. as long as vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing not surpassing level of apex of vein r; vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 35); pterostigma rather abruptly narrowed apically, more or less widened, not parallel-sided and 4���5 �� as long as wide (Fig. 11); hind coxa of ♂ approx. 3 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view; first metasomal tergite approximately 5 �� as long as its maximum width; ovipositor sheath approx. 1.7 �� as long as body. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Guangxi). Notes. As well illustrated by Hong et al. (2011) two forms of P. brevistigma Enderlein exist in China. One with aberrant venation of the fore wing as described in the key in this paper and typical for Taiwan (holotype of P. brevistigma: Figs 35���42) and one with normal venation (Figs 11���17; Chao, 1964) from continental China. Unfortunately, there is no additional material from Taiwan to study the variation of the characters used for separation, but we consider the difference in venation profound enough to reinstate P. austrochinensis., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Belokobylskij, S. A. (1995) Stephanoidea. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), Key to the insects of Russian far East. IU. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Part 2. Hymenoptera. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 15 - 24.","Chao, H. F. (1964) Description of new species of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) from South China. Acta entomologica Sinica, 13 (3), 376 - 395.","Elliott, E. A. (1928) New Stephanidae from Borneo and the Philippine Islands. IV. Philippine Journal of Science, 35 (4), 439 - 453.","Aguiar, A. P. (2004) World catalog of the Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zootaxa, 753, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 464.1.1","Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918","Enderlein, G. (1913) Die Stephaniden Formosas. Zoologische Anzeiger, 42, 202 - 212."]}

Parastephanellus yixiwui Tan & van Achterberg, sp. n. Figs 70���91 Parastephanellus matsumotoi; Hong et al. 2011: 43 ���44 (p.p.). Type material. Holotype, ♀ (NWUX), ���NW China: Shaanxi, Meixian, Taibai Mt., Haopingsi to Dadian, swept, N34.4�� E107.46��, 16.vii.2017, alt. 1251 m, T. Zhou & Y-X. Wu, NWUX���. Paratypes (2 ♀+ 11 ♂): 4 ♂ (NWUX) same data as holotype; 1 ♀ + 7 ♂ (NWUX, RMNH), same data, but Jiangli Tan; 1 ♀ (NWUX) ���NW China: Shaanxi, Ningshaan, Xunyangba, N33��54��� E108��55���, Malaise trap, 17.viii-3.x.2016, alt. 1481 m, Jiangli Tan, NWUX���; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), ���[China:] Henan, Songxian, Mt. Baiyun, 19.vii.1996., Cai Ping, No. 972997���. Diagnosis. Ivory streak of temple distinctly contrasting with dark brown posterior part of temple in lateral view (Fig. 80), separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Figs 79, 89); temples moderately angulate to rather rounded in dorsal view (Figs 79, 89); frons of ♀ largely dark brown; medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Figs 70, 73); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 73); posterior part of pronotum and mesoscutum low in lateral view (Fig. 70); vein 1-M of fore wing approx. 1.4 �� vein m-cu and 1.3���1.5 �� vein 1-SR (Fig. 72); vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 72); vein m-cu of fore wing approx. 1.5 �� longer than vein 2-SR+M; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r; first metasomal tergite of ♀ moderately slender, 6.2���7.2 �� as long as wide (Fig. 75); pygidial area of ♀ moderately emarginated apically, distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically (Fig. 71); ovipositor sheath 1.4��� 1.7 �� as long as body and 2.5���2.8 �� as long as fore wing. Thanks to the large series from Taibai Mt. it became obvious that the specimens with gradually lowered anterior slope of the pronotum are a separate species because the different pronotum is combined with different venation of the fore wing and different shape of the pygidial area (see couplet 1 of the key). Runs in the key to Parastephanellus by Elliott (1928) either to P. rubripictus Elliott, 1917, or to P. polychromus Kieffer, 1916. The new species differs from P. rubripictus by having the ovipositor sheath 1.4���1.7 �� as long as body (about as long as body in P. rubripictus), moderately wide and medium-sized pterostigma (long and narrow) and the coriaceousfoveolate propodeum (coarsely reticulate-rugose). It differs from P. polychromus by having the ovipositor sheath 1.4���1.7 �� as long as body (about as long as body in P. polychromus), the pterostigma approx. 6 �� as long as wide (8���10 x) and the frons of ♀ black (of ♀ red). The long ovipositor sheath, low posterior part of pronotum and moderately long first metasomal tergite are shared by P. mufeedae Narendran & Surashan, 2001 (Narendran & Surashan 2001) from S. India. The new species differs by having the ivory streak of the temple remaining far removed from the occipital carina in dorsal view (ivory streak ends close to occipital carina, behind middle level of carina in P. mufeedae), the frons wide, minimum width of frons approx. 2.3 �� maximum width of eye in anterior view (approx. 1.7 x), and vertex behind posterior level of eyes distinctly transversely rugose (smooth). Description. Holotype, ♀, length of body 11.8 mm, of fore wing 7.8 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 19.7 mm (Fig. 83). Head. Antenna with 35 segments, third segment without circular sensillum ventrally, fourth segment with 6 circular sensilla; frons coarsely transversely rugose (Fig. 78); three anterior coronal teeth large and lobe-shaped (Fig. 79), both posterior ones narrow lamelliform and arcuate; vertex largely coarsely transversely rugose anteriorly, near occipital carina only medially transversely aciculate; temple convex, smooth (except some setiferous punctures) and shiny (Fig. 80), rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 79). Mesosoma. Neck short and transversely carinate, anteriorly distinctly emarginated (Fig. 75), posteriorly with transverse groove in front of low and oblique posterior part of pronotum (Fig. 73), posterior part very finely rugulose medio-anteriorly, costate below tegula (Figs 73, 74); propleuron largely smooth and shiny except laterally; mesopleuron coriaceous and shiny (except anteriorly), medially superficially foveolate (Fig. 73), anteriorly rather densely silvery setose; scutellum with fine curved aciculae medially and foveolate laterally (Fig. 74); propodeum remotely foveolate and with wide coriaceous interspaces, posteriorly with two pairs of smooth and strongly shiny shallow depressions (Figs 74, 75); metapleuron very coarsely foveolate-reticulate and convex medially. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 72): pterostigma 5.8 �� as long as wide and rather abruptly rounded apically; vein 1-M 1.4 �� as long as vein 1-SR and as long as vein m-cu; vein cu-a distinctly antefurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 1.7 �� as long as vein r; vein r ends near level of apex of pterostigma; basal part of pterostigma 2.4 �� as long as apical part (Fig. 72); vein 1-M and vein r nearly straight; vein 1-SR 1.2 �� as long as parastigmal vein; vein 3-CU1 largely nebulous and widened posteriorly, only basal 0.2 tubular (Fig. 72). Legs. Hind coxa elongated, 3.1 �� longer than wide, with large flattened cellular-granulate dorso-lateral area (Fig. 76), remainder largely coarsely rugose; hind femur coriaceous, ventrally with 2 large teeth and one smaller basal tooth (Fig. 77); hind tibia 1.2 �� as long as hind femur, largely coriaceous and ventrally with oblique carinae, inner side with distinct c-shaped impression and yellowish setose, basal narrow part of hind tibia as long as widened part; ventral length of hind basitarsus 5.2 �� as long as wide. Metasoma. First tergite densely transversely striate, 6.2 �� as long as its maximum width (Fig. 75), 2.4 �� second tergite and 0.85 �� metasoma without first tergite; second tergite basally slightly rugulose; remainder of metasoma rather shiny and very superficially coriaceous; pygidial area triangularly depressed, apically moderately circularly emarginated and latero-apically truncate and moderately protruding (Fig. 71); ovipositor sheath 1.6 �� as long as body Fig. 43) and 2.53 �� as long as fore wing. Colour. Black or blackish brown; temple with ivory streak along eye widened dorsally, well differentiated and remaining far from occipital carina (Figs 70, 79, 80); middle tibia basally and narrowly apically and basal half of middle basitarsus white; remainder of tarsi, basal half of hind tibia and four basal antennal segments brown; palpi pale yellowish but basally dark brown; face, temple posteriorly, tegula, frons ventrally, fore leg largely (except tarsus and coxa), middle femur, apical half of hind tibia largely, pterostigma (except whitish base) and veins dark brown; apex of hind coxa partly ivory (Fig. 49); wing membrane slightly infuscated. Variation. Female: length of body 11.4���17.2 mm, of fore wing 7.3���10.4 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 15.5��� 28.0 mm; vein 1-M of fore wing 1.3���1.5 �� vein 1-SR; first metasomal tergite of ♀ 6.2���7.2 �� its maximum width; ovipositor sheath 1.4���1.7 �� as long as body; wing membrane slightly to distinctly infuscated. Male (Fig. 84): similar to female but frons and face yellowish, and temple posteriorly brown to dark brown (Figs 85, 88); length of body 6.6���11.7 mm, and of fore wing 4.2���7.2 mm; length of first tergite 7.7���8.7 �� its maximum width; parameres convex, long to medium-sized and densely setose (Fig. 86); pygidial process medium-sized, yellowish brown (as remainder of tergite and base of parameres: Figs 82, 86). Distribution. China (* Henan, * Shaanxi). Etymology. Named after one of the collectors of the holotype, the 8-year-old nephew of the first author: Yi-Xi Wu, means a rare thing is expensive., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 342-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918","Elliott, E. A. (1928) New Stephanidae from Borneo and the Philippine Islands. IV. Philippine Journal of Science, 35 (4), 439 - 453.","Narendran, T. C. & Sureshan, P. M. (2001) A new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) from India. Zoos' Print Journal, 16 (10), 597 - 599. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 16.10.597 - 9"]}

Key to species of the genus Parastephanellus Enderlein from China 1 Medio-anteriorly pronotum steeply arising behind neck (Figs 19, 27, 63); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ wide (Figs 22, 66); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.1���1.5 �� (rarely up to 1.6 x) vein 1-SR (Figs 18, 62); pale streak of temple rather narrow dorsally and distinctly remaining removed from occipital carina (Figs 26, 69); [ovipositor sheath 1.4���1.8 �� as long as body; frons of ♀ largely dark brown, but yellowish in ♂; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r (Figs 18, 62); temples moderately angulate to rounded in dorsal view (Figs 25, 68)]......................................... 2 - Medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck (Figs 4, 12); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ usually narrower (Figs 6, 54, 71, 93); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.5���2.2 �� vein 1-SR (Figs 3, 11, 45; but 1.3���1.5 �� in P. yixiwui; Fig. 72); pale streak of temple variable, but usually close to occipital carina (Figs 9, 17, 46, 57, 99), except in P. yixiwui (Figs 80, 85, 89)....... 3 2 Hind coxa of ♀ 2.1���2.2 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 21; ♂ up to 2.6 ��, measured over flat aciculate or coriaceous area in dorso-lateral view: Fig. 2); first metasomal tergite 4.4���5.5 �� as long as its maximum width (Fig. 30); hind tibia 1.2 �� as long as hind femur (Fig. 23); temple behind pale streak chestnut to orange brown (Fig. 26); vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma (Figs 18, 28); [middle basitarsus of ♀ 6���7 �� as long as its medial width; first discal cell of fore wing comparatively narrow and its length approx. 3.1 �� as long as vein 1-M (Fig. 18)]......................................................................................... P. brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Hind coxa of ♀ 2.7���3.0 �� as long as wide in dorso-lateral view (Fig. 65); first metasomal tergite 6.8���7.5 �� as long as its maximum width; hind tibia 1.1 �� as long as hind femur; temple behind pale streak dark brown (Fig. 69); vein r of fore wing ends far behind level of apex of pterostigma (Fig. 62)................................... P. matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006 3 Pterostigma obtuse apically (Fig. 92); pronotum stout in dorsal view (Fig. 94); yellowish streak of temple reaching occipital carina dorsally (Fig. 98); pronotum below tegulae with some rugulae (Fig. 93); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding latero-api- cally and emargination shallow (Fig. 95); ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body; first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 4 �� as long as its maximum width; [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.2 �� vein 1-SR and 1.3 �� vein m-cu; propodeum medially densely foveolate and interspaces small; laterally pronotum dark brown (Fig. 91)]........................................................................................ P. zhejiangensis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Pterostigma roundly narrowed apically (Figs 45, 72); pronotum relatively slender in dorsal view (Figs 48, 74) or robust (Figs 13, 37); yellowish streak of temple remain separated from occipital carina in dorsal view (Figs. 53, 60, 79); pronotum below tegulae costate (Fig. 63); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically and emargination moderately deep (Figs 6, 71), but intermediate in P. evexus (Fig. 54); ovipositor sheath 1.3���1.7 �� as long as body (unknown of P. brevistigma); if about as long as body (P. evexus) then first metasomal tergite of ♀ 9���10 �� as long as its maximum width (Fig. 44).............. 4 4 Vein 1-SR of fore wing weakly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Fig. 35); first discal cell of fore wing narrow and distinctly parallel-sided (Fig. 35); vein m-cu of fore wing about as long as vein 2-SR+M (Fig. 35); pronotum yellowish brown and distinctly paler than mesoscutum (Fig. 36); [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.1 �� vein 1-SR and 1.1 �� vein m-cu; temple yellowish posteriorly and ivory streak slightly contrasting with it (Fig. 42); anterior part of mesoscutum in dorsal view rather shiny and (except for 3 crenulate grooves) largely smooth (Fig. 36); frons regularly transversely rugose medially; only male holotype known from Taiwan, males from continental China belong to P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij]......................................................................................... P. brevistigma Enderlein, 1913 - Vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and 2���4 �� as long as vein 2-M+CU1 (Figs 3, 11 45, 72), rarely shorter; first discal cell of fore wing moderately wide and less parallel-sided (Fig. 3, 11, 72); vein m-cu of fore wing much longer than vein 2-SR+M (Figs 3, 11, 72); pronotum variable, usually dark brown or blackish, similar to colour of mesoscutum (Figs 46, 73) or at least dorsally so (Figs 5, 48)...................................................................... 5 5 Frons of ♀ narrow (Fig. 7); vein cu-a of fore wing sinuate and posteriorly distinctly reclivous (Fig. 3); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.3 �� vein m-cu (Fig. 3); hind femur shiny and largely (except medially) smooth; yellowish streak of temple surpassing upper level of occipital carina in dorsal view (Fig. 8); first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 8.3 �� as long as its maximum width; pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically (Fig. 6); [temples of ♀ distinctly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 8); laterally pronotum chestnut brown (Fig. 4); basal part of pterostigma about 1.5 �� as long as vein r (Fig. 3); distance from dorsally widened pale streak on temple to occipital carina in dorsal view less than width of streak (Fig. 8)]...................................................................................... P. angulatus Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Frons of ♀ moderately wide (Figs 52, 78); vein cu-a of fore wing nearly straight and posteriorly slightly reclivous (Figs 11, 45, 72); vein 1-M of fore wing 0.9���1.1 �� vein m-cu (Figs 11, 45, 72), rarely 1.2 ��; hind femur with satin sheen and largely microsculptured (Figs 14, 50, 77); size of yellowish streak of temple variable (Figs 16, 53, 60, 79); first metasomal tergite of ♀ 4.8��� 7.2 �� as long as its maximum width (Fig. 75), if up to 9.5���10.9 �� as long as wide (Fig. 44) then pygidial area of ♀ hardly protruding latero-apically (Fig. 54)6 6 First metasomal tergite of ♀ very slender, approx. 9.5 �� as long as wide (Fig. 44), of ♂ 8.7���10.9 ��; ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body and 1.8 �� as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth hardly dentate (Figs 43, 50, 55); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing up to level of apex of vein r (Fig. 45); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding and rounded latero-apically (Figs 43, 54); temples of ♀ strongly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 53, but rounded in ♂: Fig. 60); [posterior part of pronotum and mesoscutum moderately high in lateral view (Fig. 43)]............................... P. evexus sp. n. - First metasomal tergite of ♀ less slender, 6.2���7.2 �� as long as wide (Fig. 75), of ♂ up to 8.7 ��; ovipositor sheath 1.4���1.7 �� as long as body and 2.5���2.8 �� as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth distinctly dentate (Figs 14, 77, 90); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically (Fig. 71); temples of ♀ rounded to moderately angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 79); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r (Figs 11, 72)................. 7 7 Posterior part of pronotum very low (Figs 73, 85); frons of ♀ dark brown (Fig. 78; yellow in ♂: 88); first metasomal tergite slender, 6.2���7.2 �� as long as wide (Fig. 75); pronotum black, and in dorsal view less robust and posterior part partly coarsely sculptured (Fig. 74)....................................................................... P. yixiwui sp. n. - Posterior part of pronotum comparatively high (Fig. 12); frons of both sexes brownish yellow (Fig. 15); first metasomal tergite rather robust, approximately 5 �� as long as its maximum width; pronotum orange brown, and in dorsal view robust and posterior part superficially sculptured (Fig. 13); [frons transversely rugose; ivory streak of temple hardly contrasting with yellowish remainder of temple (Fig. 17; ♂, but slightly more in ♀)]............... P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995, reinstated, Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, pp. 327-349 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 328-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1458671, {"references":["Hong, C. D., van Achterberg, C. & Xu, Z. F. (2011) A revision of the Chinese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). ZooKeys, 110, 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 110.918","van Achterberg, C. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2006) Taxonomic notes on Old World Stephanidae (Hymenoptera): description of Parastephanellus matsumotoi sp. n. from Japan, redescription of Commatopus xanthocephalus (Cameron) and keys to the genera Profoenatopus van Achterberg and Megischus Brulle. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 149, 215 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000202","Enderlein, G. (1913) Die Stephaniden Formosas. Zoologische Anzeiger, 42, 202 - 212.","Belokobylskij, S. A. (1995) Stephanoidea. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), Key to the insects of Russian far East. IU. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Part 2. Hymenoptera. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 15 - 24."]}

Stephanidae Leach, 1815 (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from China are revised. Five genera are reported from China: Foenatopus Smith, 1861; Megischus Brullé, 1846; Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906; Schlettererius Ashmead, 1900; and Stephanus Jurine (in Panzer), 1801, and the genera are keyed. All the Chinese species are described and illustrated and new synonyms are established. Keys to species of the five genera occurring in China and adjacent regions are provided. Six species are new to science: Foenatopus brevimaculatus sp. n., F. maculiferus sp. n., F. yangi sp. n., Parastephanellus angulatus sp. n., P. brevicoxalis sp. n. and P. zhejiangensis sp. n. One species, Parastephanellus matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006, is newly recorded from China. The following 9 new synonyms are proposed: Foenatopus aratifrons Enderlein, 1913 and F. yunnanensis Chao, 1964, new synonymys for F. annulitarsus Enderlein, 1913; F. cerviculatus (Chao, 1964) and F. chaoi Belokobylskij, 1995 for F. chinensis (Elliott, 1919); F. formosanus Enderlein, 1913 for F. cinctus (Matsumura, 1912); F. simillimus (Elliott, 1920) and F. trilineatus (Elliott, 1920) for F. flavidentatus (Enderlein, 1913); F. trilobatus (Elliott, 1920) for F. ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913); Parastephanellus austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995 for P. brevistigma Enderlein, 1913. A lectotype is designated for Diastephanus trilineatus Elliott, 1920.

A new species of the stephanid genus Foenatopus Smith, Foenatopus weii sp. n., is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. A modified section of the identification key to species of Foenatopus is added to include the new species. The male of Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 from Guangdong Province, China is also described and illustrated for the first time.

Parastephanellus khogis Aguiar (Figs 1���3) Parastephanellus khogis Aguiar, in Aguiar & Jennings, 2005: 6. Male. Original description, figures, discussion. Material examined. 1 ♀ (QMBA), verbatim label data: ��� New Caledonia 11513, 21��34���S x 166��06���E., Col de Petchecara, middle, 28Jan2004. G. Monteith. Pyrethrum, trees & logs.��� Triangle mount, complete. Other specimens (QMBA): 3 ♂♂, label data ibidem; ♂ ��� New Caledonia: 21��34���S x 165��46���E, 500m, Table Unio road, 50453, 14Nov2000, C.J.Burwell, rainforest, sweeping.��� Female description. Body length 15.2 mm, ovipositor 9.0 mm; morphometric ratios Ov/Ptl 3.50; Ov/Tt 0.60; Ov/Hdl 8.25; Ov/Smw 9.19; Cxl/h 3.76; Cxl/Fml 0.87; FmSI 2.68; tw/iEE 0.61; btl/w 5.82; Pnl/Smw 0.74; tw/io 1.29; Pnl/Ew 1.13; Gsl/Ptl 1.16; Ptl/ T 3l 2.27; Hdl/Ew 1.69; Ew/tw 1.98; iEE/eEE 0.42; iEE/io 2.12; Ppl/Ew 1.62; io/oo 6.50. Head: postgenal bridge distinctly longitudinally rugulose. Frons finely transversely rugulose, paraocular strigation distinct only narrowly along eye margin, frontal carina absent. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres, first flagellomere ventrally with few tiny, punctate tyloids; flagellomeres 2���7 with large oval tyloids, 2���5 of them restricted to apical 0.25���0.60, flagellomeres 8���21 generally with several tyloids occurring along entire length except just one or two on last few of these flagellomeres, absent from last 5. Coronal area from obliquely strigate near ocellum to transverselly strigate towards anterior tubercle. Vertex with about 25 transverse strigae counted centro-longitudinally, strigae varying from coarse anteriorly to fine posteriorly, reaching occipital carina and extending to temple, ending at genal stripe; dorso-longitudinal impression very weak, visible only with tangent illumination. Temple and gena smooth and polished, genal angle in dorsal view distinctly prominent. Mesosoma: prosternum apex alutaceous, then weakly obliquely strigate, posterior half somewhat smooth. Pronotum (Fig. 2) entirely coarsely transversely strigate, on ventral area fine, oblique to longitudinal; neck centrally concave; pronotal fold stout, its anterior margin weakly collapsed and weakly emarginated; semiannular latero-posteriorly with sparse, inconspicuous, shallow punctures, postero-ventral corner subapically with distinct patch of white pilosity; femoral impression narrow, distinct, smooth and polished, ventral area longitudinally strigate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 4) anterior margin (area over which semiannular slides) matte, extremely finely alutaceous, difficult to distinguish, main area strongly transversely rugose; median sulcus and notauli weakly distinct, formed by aligned foveolae mixed in between main sculpturing. Axilla (Fig. 4) concentrically strigate, from strong mesally to fine antero-laterally. Scutellum (Fig. 4) from anteriorly transversely strigate-rugulose to apically finely alutaceous; a few very shallow foveolae laterally. Mesepisternum (Fig. 2) dorsally and on anterior 0.3 covered with dense white short pilosity, hairs centrally and posteriorly sparse; transversely rugulose. Mesopseudosternum obliquely weakly strigate, discrimen deep and crenulate. Propodeum (Fig. 2) densely transversely areolate rugose, this pattern changing from anteriorly, including antero-lateral corners, fine and somewhat alutaceous to posteriorly coarse; parapetiolar fovea indistinct, its position indicated by a broadly sculptured and concave area mesad of spiracle. Spiracular groove and carina (Fig. 2) barely distinct to indistinct, suggested by coalescence of areolae, barely reaching antero-lateral corner; both spiracular plates transversely alutaceous. Metapleuron laterally (Fig. 2) with few delicate, long hairs, from dorsally transversely strigate to laterally broadly areolate, ventrally smooth. Interfoveolar area smooth; post-foveolar area with three strong transverse carinae. Hind coxa transversely strigate, basally coarse, apically fine; hind femur alutaceous, basally very fine, otherwise distinct, this sculpturing about same on all sides; ventrally with three weak tubercles between base and median tooth, three between femoral teeth, and three small ones apical to apical tooth. Hind tibia laterally very strongly and densely alutaceous, more distinct and denser than on femur, matte; posteriorly with distinct, sharply carinate, oblique compression. Wings: front wing vein M+Cu with several setae along entire length, central and basal setae widely spaced, perpendicular to wing, apically with group of 6 setae distant from each other about their own length, last seta inserted past point of connection with vein 1M; veins 2r, 2+3 R very slightly irregular or sinuous; vein 1Rs somewhat bent towards wing base; vein 2Cua nearly entirely tubular, except very apex nebulous, from basally narrow to apically thick, apical 0.3 bent towards wing apex; vein 2+3M tubular, except apex shortly nebulous to spectral, ending clearly before reaching wing margin, but not far from it; pterostigma not elongate, about 5.6 times as long as greatest width, apex curvilineous. Metasoma: petiole transversely strigate, basally coarse, apical 0.1 smooth and polished; ventrally more weakly sculptured than dorsally; T 3 basal end rugulose, then smooth and polished, centrally with very weak, inconspicuous alutaceous; T 4���7 with extremely fine and dense transverse strigulation, producing a noticeable dull texture; T 8 alutaceous. Pygidium narrow and emarginate; pygidial impression Y-shaped. Colour: dark brown to black, except as follows. Scape, pedicel and flagellomeres 1���3 light brown, pedicel lightest, remainder of antenna dark brown. Mandible, except apex, light brown; clypeus yellow. Face along eye margin with narrow yellow stripe from base of antenna to lateral tubercle; genal stripe pale yellow, reaching and crossing temple (Fig. 2), then bent backwards and widened, ending at occipital carina. Semiannular hind dorsal margin golden yellow. Wing membrane slightly but distinctly infuscate; veins brown. Coronal tubercles, except black apex, wide area behind coronal ocellus, and vertex laterally, along eye margin, red brown (Fig. 2). Mesonotum centrally and scutellum anteriorly and laterally with distinct red brown tone. Fore and mid legs mostly brown to red brown; fore tibia apical 0.1, mid tibia basal 0.2 and apical 0.1, and mid t1 basal 0.3, pale yellow to whitish; hind leg dark brown, hind tibia basal 0.1 and hind t1 entirely, white. Ovipositor sheath unicolorous, brown. Discussion. Aguiar & Jennings (2005) stated that the single specimen of P. khogis then known could perhaps prove to be the male of P.delicatus Aguiar or P. mouensis Aguiar, although this was considered unlikely. In fact, the identity of P. khogis is now clearly strengthened by the current study. Further, the results also provide a first indication about the degree of variability between males and females of stephanids in New Caledonia. In the present case, overall variation between the sexes is surprisingly small, occurring far less than that usually observed for stephanids in other biogeographic regions (e.g., see Aguiar 2001). Whether or not this pattern of variability extends to other New Caledonian stephanids, however, remains unknown. Male. The original description (in Aguiar & Jennings 2005) can be complemented as follows: length 5.5��� 11.6 mm. Morphometric ratios (n = 3; underlined values correspond to the holotype) Cxl/h 3.08���3.68; Cxl/ Fml 0.86���0.91; FmSI 1.82���2.37; tw/iEE 0.63���0.68; btl/w 4.30���5.27; Pnl/Smw 0.71���0.79 [value of 2.21 published for holotype in Aguiar & Jennings 2005 is incorrect]; tw/io 1.10���1.16; Pnl/Ew 1.16���1.35; Gsl/Ptl 0.98��� 1.24; Ptl/T3l 1.90���2.58; Hdl/Ew 1.82���1.85; Ew/tw 1.49���1.72; EE/eEE 0.44���0.47; iEE/io 1.67���1.78; Ppl/Ew 1.66���1.80; io/oo 6.00���7.71. The scutellum, destroyed in the holotype, varies from fully distinctly alutaceous on smaller than average specimens (Fig. 3) to strigate basally, as in the female, for larger than average specimens. The following variation seems to be the most significant. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres, largest specimen with first flagellomere ventrally with a few tiny, punctual tyloids; flagellomere 2 with large oval tyloids apically, otherwise as in holotype. Although showing weak differences in much of their external morphology, the male and female of P. khogis are generally very similar to each other, and more so than usually observed for stephanids (e.g., Aguiar 2001). The most significant differences are as follows: female considerably larger than male, its vertex with fewer strigations than on the holotype (25 vs. 35) but same as in other male specimens; pronotum laterally more coarsely sculptured; scutellum basally with strigation (vs. usually fully alutaceous); mandibles brown (vs. yellow); yellow stripe along eye margin on face narrower and darker than observed for the male holotype, but same as in other male specimens; petiole ventrally strigate (vs. apical 0.7 smooth and polished). The key provided by Aguiar & Jennings (2005) will work adequately for the recognition of both male and female specimens of P. khogis. Distribution. Southern half of New Caledonia (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Aguiar, Alexandre P. & Jennings, John T., 2007, New Caledonia as the centre of origin of Parastephanellus Enderlein, with a phylogeny and description of the female of P. khogis Aguiar (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae), pp. 15-24 in Zootaxa 1576 (1) on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5096931, {"references":["Aguiar, A. P. & Jennings, J. T. (2005) First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein. Zootaxa, 1001, 1 - 16.","Aguiar, A. P. (2001) Revision of the Australian Stephanidae (Hymenoptera). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 763 - 822."]}

Parastephanellus delicatus Aguiar Parastephanellus delicatus Aguiar, in Aguiar & Jennings, 2005: 3. Female. Original description, figures, discussion. Female holotype. The following corrects some imprecision and makes relevant additions to the original description: antenna without any kind of sensilla on flagellomeres 1���7 and 28���36; flagellomeres 8���27 with punctate sensilla (not ���large oval tyloids,��� as in original description), which become progressively less numerous toward apical articles. Frontal carina distinct, particularly with tangent light (not ���indistinct but weak���). Genal bridge smooth, polished. Hind tibia ventral side of dilated part strongly obliquely carinate on each side, generating a V-shaped pattern with vertices towards apex. Fore tibia uniformly brown. Discussion. The punctate sensilla and their disposition seem to be unique among stephanids, and are therefore also diagnostic for the species. The elongated T3 also somewhat unusual in this species, and is not observed in other New Caledonian stephanids. Parastephanellus mouensis Aguiar Parastephanellus mouensis Aguiar, in Aguiar & Jennings, 2005: 10. Female. Original description, figures, discussion. Female holotype. Genal bridge mostly smooth and polished (not in the original description)., Published as part of Aguiar, Alexandre P. & Jennings, John T., 2007, New Caledonia as the centre of origin of Parastephanellus Enderlein, with a phylogeny and description of the female of P. khogis Aguiar (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae), pp. 15-24 in Zootaxa 1576 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5096931, {"references":["Aguiar, A. P. & Jennings, J. T. (2005) First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein. Zootaxa, 1001, 1 - 16."]}

Parastephanellus sarramea Jennings Parastephanellus sarramea Jennings, in Aguiar & Jennings, 2005: 12. Male. Original description, figures, discussion. Male holotype. The following can be added to the original description: postgenal bridge [sculpturing not visible due to orientation of specimen]; femoral impression indistinct, transversely strigate; mesoscutum anterior area strigate; propodeal spiracular groove almost reaching crenulate sulcus; interfoveolar area largely smooth; genal stripe reaching and crossing temple, then bent backwards and widened, ending at occipital carina; fore, mid, brown, hind tibia dark brown; mid basitarsomere brown., Published as part of Aguiar, Alexandre P. & Jennings, John T., 2007, New Caledonia as the centre of origin of Parastephanellus Enderlein, with a phylogeny and description of the female of P. khogis Aguiar (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae), pp. 15-24 in Zootaxa 1576 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5096931, {"references":["Aguiar, A. P. & Jennings, J. T. (2005) First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein. Zootaxa, 1001, 1 - 16."]}

Parastephanellus sarramea Jennings, NEW SPECIES (Figs 1, 23–28) Holotype male (ANIC), verbatim label data: " New Caledonia. Sarraméa. Sweeping vegetation. 22.xi.2004. J. T. Jennings". Left mid leg glued to card; otherwise complete and well preserved. DESCRIPTION. Length 16.8 mm; morphometric ratios in Table 1. Head. Frons (Fig. 23) transversely strigate, with dense paraocular strigation, frontal carina absent. Antenna with 29 flagellomeres, ventrally with large oval tyloids restricted to flagellomeres 1–3, absent from 4 th –29 th. Coronal area between central tubercles and anterior tubercle finely longitudinally rugulose. Vertex (Fig. 24) with 20 fine transverse strigae counted centrolongitudinally, sculpturing from anteriorly transversely strigate­rugose to posteriorly transversely finely strigate, reaching occipital carina and extending to temple, including dorsally on genal stripe; dorso­longitudinal impression present. Gena smooth and polished, genal angle in dorsal view distinctly prominent. Mesosoma. Prosternum apically, including pre­apical depression, with weak transverse strigations, centrally polished with sparse shallow punctures, apico­medially briefly rugulose. Pronotum (Fig. 26): neck arcuately strigate, basally somewhat concave and polished; pronotal fold stout, centrally moderately collapsed and emarginate; preannular and semiannular dorsally transversely strigate, with subfoveolae in between coarse transverse striations; pronotal lobe strongly rugose. Mesoscutum strongly foveolate­rugose; median sulcus and notauli distinct, formed by closely aligned foveolae. Axilla (Fig. 25) strongly arcuately rugose­foveate, with several tiny foveolae in between. Scutellum (Fig. 25) areolate­rugose, except posteriorly strigulate with several large punctures. Mesepisternum covered with white short pilosity, except centrally sparse and with long hairs; mix of rugose, rugulose and many tiny foveolae. Mesopseudosternum smooth and polished, discrimen crenulate. Propodeum densely foveolate­areolate­rugose, also densely and finely alutaceous (dull) in between, except antero­lateral corners foveolate­punctate, area around petiolar foramen rugose, smooth and polished in between. Spiracular groove conspicuous; spiracular carina distinct, reaching antero­lateral carina; spiracular plates smooth. Metapleuron dorsally crenulate along line of contact with propodeum; anteriorly and dorso­laterally areolate­rugose and pilose, with long decumbent hairs; ventrally, areolate­rugose. Hind coxa strongly transversely strigate; femur strongly oblique­alutaceous; ventrally with 6 small tubercles between base and median tooth; also with small tubercles in between femoral teeth and apically to apical tooth. Hind tibia alutaceous, posteriorly with very strong and sharply carinate compression (as in Fig. 13). Wings. Front wing vein M+Cu with several setae along its entire length, from widely spaced basally to apical 8 setae distant from each other by about 1.5 times their own length; last seta ending on point of connection with vein 1M; veins 2r and 2+3R approximately on basal third somewhat nodous and slightly bent towards each other; vein 1Rs slightly curved towards wing base; vein 2Cua tubular on basal 0.2, remainder nebulous, apical 0.4 bent towards wing apex; vein 2+3M basal 0.7 distinctly tubular, apical 0.3 weakly nebulous, this portion also marked by aligned microtrichia, vein disappearing entirely a little before reaching wing margin; pterostigma very long, about 8.8 times as long as greatest width, apex as the ventral half of a lanceolate shape, abruptly narrowed at origin of vein R1 (Fig. 28). Metasoma. Petiole densely transversely strigate, from coarse basally to fine apically, apical 0.1 smooth, ventrally more weakly sculptured than dorsally; T3 basal end strigate, remainder of T3 and T4–8 very finely alutaceous. Male genitalia (Fig. 27): paramere short, deeply concave, apex somewhat acuminate; aedeagus short. Color. Mostly dark brown, except as follows. Gena reddish brown; genal stripe cream, frons largely cream, almost reaching median ocellus, reddish­brown below median ocellus and near eyes (Fig. 23). Wings uniformly light amber, veins brown; fore and mid legs reddish­brown, darkest dorso­mesally on femur, lightest on tarsi; hind tarsus cream. T3–7 reddish­brown, genitalia pale brown. Female. Unknown. Comments. This species has a similar structure of fore wing veins 2Cua and 2+3M to P. delicatus and P. mouensis. It is also similar to the latter species having a similar pronotal structure, particularly the centrally depressed pronotal fold, mid tibia basally not yellow, and a fine, intricate propodeal sculpturing. Parastephanellus sarramea can be easily separated from the other New Caledonian stephanids by its large, central yellow pattern on the frons, which does not reach the eyes (Fig. 23). This is entirely absent in P. mouensis, and present only along the eye margins on P. khogis and P. delicatus. This species name derives from its type locality, and is known from a single specimen from Sarraméa, New Caledonia (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Aguiar, Alexandre P. & Jennings, John T., 2005, First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 1001 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1001.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5048526

Parastephanellus khogis Aguiar, NEW SPECIES (Figs 1, 16–22) Holotype male (INHS), verbatim label data: " New Caledonia, Prov. Sud, Mt. Khogis, 17 Km NNE Nouméa, Malaise across path in rainforest, el. 425m; 24/ 25 January 1996, MEIrwin, DWWebb, EISchlinger, 22º10´34" S, 166º 30´17" E ". Scutellum destroyed by pin; otherwise complete, well preserved. DESCRIPTION. Length 10.3 mm; morphometric ratios in Table 1. Head. Frons (Fig. 16) finely transversely subareolate­rugulose, paraocular strigation distinct only narrowly along eye margin, frontal carina absent. Antenna with 23 flagellomeres, ventrally with large oval tyloids restricted to apical 0.5–0.7 of flagellomeres 3–6, occurring along entire length of remaining flagellomeres, except absent from last 4. Coronal area radially strongly strigate, except transverse near anterior tubercle. Vertex with nearly 35 transverse strigae counted centro­longitudinally, from anteriorly coarse to posteriorly fine, reaching occipital carina and extending to temple, on genal stripe; dorso­longitudinal impression very weak, (apparently absent). Gena smooth and polished, genal angle in dorsal view distinctly prominent. Mesosoma. Prosternum laterally smooth, mesally obliquely strigate, apex also alutaceous. Pronotum (Fig. 18, partially) entirely transversely strigate, on ventral area fine, oblique to longitudinal; neck centrally concave and weakly sculptured; pronotal fold stout, its anterior margin weakly collapsed; semiannular latero­posteriorly with sparse punctures; posterior corner subapically with distinct patch of white pilosity. Mesoscutum (Fig. 18) anterior margin (area over which semiannular slides) transversely alutaceous, main area strongly rugose approximately in concentric U­shaped pattern, with subfoveolae in between; median sulcus and notauli weakly distinct, formed by aligned foveolae mixed in between main sculpturing. Axilla (Fig. 18) concentrically strongly strigate. Mesepisternum dorsally and on anterior 0.3 covered with dense white short pilosity, hairs centrally and posteriorly sparse; transversely rugose. Mesopseudosternum obliquely strigate, discrimen deep and strongly crenulate. Propodeum (Fig. 20) densely transversely areolate rugose, from finely anteriorly to broadly posteriorly; parapetiolar fovea indistinct, its likely position indicated by a weakly sculptured and concave area next to spiracle. Spiracular groove and carina (Fig. 19) subtly indicated by coalescence of areolae, barely reaching antero­lateral corner; both spiracular plates transversely alutaceous. Metapleuron laterally with very sparse long hairs and very broadly areolate, dorsally and ventrally smooth and polished. Interfoveolar and post­foveolar areas weakly but distinctly crenulate. Hind coxa transversely strigate; hind femur basal end microscopically alutaceous, remainder obliquely alutaceous­strigulose, this sculpturing about the same on all sides; ventrally with 4–5 small tubercles between base and median tooth; with 2 weak tubercles between femoral teeth and 3 apically to apical tooth. Hind tibia laterally very strongly and densely alutaceous, much finer than on femur, dull; posteriorly with distinct, sharply carinate compression. Wings. Front wing (Fig. 22) vein M+Cu with several setae along its entire length, from more spaced and more perpendicular to wing basally, to a group of apical 6 setae distant from each other by about their own length, last one inserted at point of connection with vein 1M; veins 2r and 2+3R slightly irregular or sinuous; vein 1Rs slightly curved towards wing base; vein 2Cua nearly entirely tubular, except very apex nebulous, apical 0.3 bent towards wing apex; vein 2+3M tubular, except apex shortly nebulous, ending clearly before reaching wing margin, but not far from it; pterostigma not elongate, about 5.0 times as long as greatest width, apex curvilineous (Fig. 22). Metasoma. Petiole transversely strigate, basally coarse, then fine, apical 0.1 smooth and polished; ventrally more weakly sculptured than dorsally, with apical 0.7 smooth and polished; T3 smooth and polished, except centrally with weak, inconspicuous alutaceous; T4–6 with extremely fine and dense transverse strigulation, producing a noticeable dull texture; T7–8 alutaceous. Male genitalia (Fig. 21): paramere long, not deeply concave, apex somewhat expanded and flat, round; aedeagus long and narrow. Color. Dark brown to black, except as follows. Scape, pedicel and flagellomeres 1–3 light brown, pedicel lightest, remainder of antenna dark brown. Mandibles, except apex, and clypeus, yellow. Face along eye margin with narrow yellow stripe from base of antenna to lateral tubercle (Fig. 16); genal stripe pale yellow, reaching and crossing temple, then bent backwards and widened, ending at occipital carina (Fig. 17). Semiannular hind dorsal margin golden yellow (Fig. 18). Wing membrane slightly infuscate, more intense on basal half; veins brown (Fig. 22). Basal half of coronal tubercles, area in between and around ocelli, and on vertex laterally, red brown (Figs 16, 17, in part). Fore and mid legs dark brown but distinctly more lightly so than pronotum and mesopleuron; fore tibia apical 0.1, mid tibia basal 0.2 and apical 0.1, and mid t1 basal half, pale yellow; hind leg dark brown, hind tibia basal 0.1 and hind t1–2 entirely, white. Female. Unknown. Comments. Parastephanellus khogis is similar to P. delicatus, but differs from this species, and from P. mouensis, in having the frons without traces of a centro­longitudinal carina (vs. carina weak but present), axillae strongly and concentrically strigate (vs. areolate and foveolate), vein 2+3M complete and entirely tubular (vs. apical 0.3–0.4 spectral or absent), vein 2Cua entirely tubular (vs. basal 0.2 tubular, apical 0.8 nebulous), a distinct vein uniting cells 1Cu and 1M (Fig. 22) (vs. absent, cells touching), T3 polished in relation to T4 (vs. both dull), and hind t1–2 white (vs. brownish yellow). Further, it differs from P. mouensis by having the face on each side with a longitudinal yellow stripe (vs. unicolorous), pronotal fold straight and weakly collapsed (vs. emarginate and distinctly collapsed), and from P. delicatus by having T3 basally smooth (vs. with strong and straight longitudinal rugae). This species is named after Mount Khogis, the holotype locality (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Aguiar, Alexandre P. & Jennings, John T., 2005, First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species of Parastephanellus Enderlein, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 1001 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1001.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5048526

The genera of the family Stephanidae Leach, 1815 (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea), are redefined and keyed. Three new genera and two subgenera are described and illustrated. Profoenatus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus elliotti Ceballos, 1926, from Madagascar), with subgenus Comnatopus nov. (type species: Stephanus comma Morley, 1917, from the African continent), Afromegischus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus pachylomerus Schletterer, 1889, from the African continent) and Pseudomegischus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus sulcifrons Schletterer, 1889), with the nominate subgenus in the Indo-Australian region and subgenus Callomegischus nov. (type species: Stephanus tibiator Schletterer, 1889) in the Afrotropical region with an extension to the Arabian Peninsula. The Indo-Australian and Palaearctic species of the genus Megischus Brullé, 1846, are revised, 25 described species are recognised as valid, 22 new synonyms are established (plus 5 likely ones) and 17 new species are added. In addition the species of the genera Pseudomegischus gen. nov. and Stephanus Jurine (in Panzer), 1801, are keyed, including two new species: Pseudomegischus celebensis spec. nov. from Central Sulawesi, and Stephanus soror spec. nov. from West Malaysia. The following new synonyms are establi

The genera of the family Stephanidae Leach, 1815 (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea), are redefined and keyed. Three new genera and two subgenera are described and illustrated. Profoenatus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus elliotti Ceballos, 1926, from Madagascar), with subgenus Comnatopus nov. (type species: Stephanus comma Morley, 1917, from the African continent), Afromegischus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus pachylomerus Schletterer, 1889, from the African continent) and Pseudomegischus gen. nov. (type species: Stephanus sulcifrons Schletterer, 1889), with the nominate subgenus in the Indo-Australian region and subgenus Callomegischus nov. (type species: Stephanus tibiator Schletterer, 1889) in the Afrotropical region with an extension to the Arabian Peninsula. The Indo-Australian and Palaearctic species of the genus Megischus Brullé, 1846, are revised, 25 described species are recognised as valid, 22 new synonyms are established (plus 5 likely ones) and 17 new species are added. In addition the species of the genera Pseudomegischus gen. nov. and Stephanus Jurine (in Panzer), 1801, are keyed, including two new species: Pseudomegischus celebensis spec. nov. from Central Sulawesi, and Stephanus soror spec. nov. from West Malaysia. The following new synonyms are establi