57 results on '"Paraparesis veterinary"'
Search Results
2. An extradural cyst in a French Bulldog.
- Author
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Philips R, Chase D, Thompson D, Hardcastle M, and Kiupel M
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- Dogs, Male, Animals, Spine, Laminectomy veterinary, Paraparesis surgery, Paraparesis veterinary, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Cysts surgery, Cysts veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration surgery, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases surgery
- Abstract
Case History: A 7-year-old, male neutered French Bulldog was referred to a specialist veterinary hospital for evaluation of progressive paraparesis of 6-months' duration. The owners reported both faecal and urinary incontinence at home., Clinical Findings: The dog presented with ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia that was more pronounced in the right pelvic limb. The pelvic limb withdrawal response and sciatic myotatic response were reduced bilaterally. Postural reaction responses were delayed in both pelvic limbs, and this was more obvious in the right pelvic limb. The anal tone and perineal sensation were normal at the time of examination.An L4-S3 myelopathy was suspected. CT of the spine revealed a compressive, bilobed, extramedullary, cyst-like structure within the vertebral canal, between L7 and S3. Surgical removal of the cyst via a L7-S1 dorsal laminectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and additional immunohistochemistry of the excised structure indicated a probable ependymal cyst with a ciliated lining. The dog recovered well post-operatively, and at follow-up 3 weeks later had some improvement of his neurological signs. The paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia had improved; however, the remaining neurological examination was similar to the pre-surgical examination., Diagnosis: Extradural cyst., Clinical Relevance: Spinal cysts can contribute to clinical signs that resemble other common chronic spinal cord diseases, such as intervertebral disc disease. Therefore, this disease should be considered as a differential when dealing with cases of progressive paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. This case report may potentially provide opportunities in the future for further understanding of the pathogenesis, behaviour, outcomes and subclassification of spinal cysts in dogs.
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- 2023
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3. Multifocal spinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in a juvenile paraparetic dog.
- Author
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Chávez-Peón Berle E, Hallman C, Kleinhenz K, and Plattner BL
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- Dogs, Female, Animals, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases pathology, Spinal Cord Diseases complications, Spinal Cord Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord Diseases veterinary, Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 1-year-old, female English Bulldog presented with a 10-day history of progressive paraparesis. Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with T3-L3 segment myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a severely compressive, mildly contrast enhancing, extradural, dorsal, broad-based mass at the level of L3-4. Similar, non-compressive, smaller nodules were present along the extradural space and dura mater of the caudal lumbar spine. Owners elected euthanasia based on these imaging findings and progressive clinical signs. Necropsy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a mesenchymal mass and nodules, admixed with numerous inflammatory cells. The diagnosis of an extradural inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) with a multifocal presentation was made., (© 2022 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2023
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4. Paraparesis, inappropriate urination and defecation in a 13-year-old Persian cat.
- Author
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Galli G, Burbaite E, Rigillo A, and Menchetti M
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- Cats, Animals, Defecation, Behavior, Animal, Paraparesis veterinary, Urination, Cat Diseases
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- 2023
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5. Chronic, progressive paraparesis and acute paraplegia in an 8-year-old Australian Shepherd mixed-breed dog.
- Author
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Kei TG, Korff CP, Porter IR, and Early PJ
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- Animals, Dogs, Dog Diseases, Paraparesis veterinary, Paraplegia veterinary
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- 2023
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6. Chronic, progressive ataxia and paraparesis in a 1-year old German Shepherd Dog.
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Daniels ZS, Korff CP, and Davies E
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- Dogs, Animals, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Ataxia etiology, Ataxia veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinocerebellar Degenerations veterinary
- Published
- 2022
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7. Disseminated blastomycosis in a 1-year-old, male golden retriever-poodle crossbred dog.
- Author
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Garofalo J
- Subjects
- Animals, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Dogs, Itraconazole therapeutic use, Male, Paraparesis veterinary, Blastomycosis diagnosis, Blastomycosis drug therapy, Blastomycosis veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Dog Diseases pathology
- Abstract
A 1-year-old male golden retriever-poodle crossbred dog was brought to a veterinary clinic with a 1-month travel history to Muskoka, Ontario and a 1-week history of left eye irritation and ocular discharge. Ophthalmic examination and blood analysis revealed bilateral uveitis with a normal complete blood (cell) count and biochemistry panel. Symptomatic treatment was administered with no improvement observed and the dog returned 2 weeks later for assessment of a draining swelling of the left hind 4th digit. Clinical examination of thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound showed evidence of disseminated blastomycosis characterized by pulmonary lesions, and multifocal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the draining lesion and cytological examination of an enlarged lymph node established diagnosis. The dog was started on a standard antifungal treatment protocol (itraconazole) but returned after 11 d of treatment with neurological signs including ataxia, paraparesis, left head tilt, and compulsive turning. Humane euthanasia was chosen and the diagnosis was confirmed at postmortem examination., (Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.)
- Published
- 2022
8. Marek's Disease in an Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) with Clinical Ocular Disease and Paraparesis.
- Author
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Wilson LA, Lewis M, Baigent SJ, Abate V, Dolega BA, Morrison LR, Poulos C, and Walker D
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- Animals, Chickens, Paraparesis veterinary, Eye Diseases veterinary, Herpesvirus 2, Gallid genetics, Marek Disease diagnosis, Marek Disease pathology, Poultry Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is caused by virulent strains of Gallid alphaherpesvirus type 2 (MD virus serotype 1; MDV 1) and frequently causes a lymphoproliferative disorder in poultry and other galliform birds worldwide. However, within the peafowl (Phasianinae) subfamily, there are only rare confirmed reports of MD. Here we report MD in an Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), which clinically presented with hindlimb paraparesis and intraocular swelling of the right eye. Soft, off-white to tan masses within the right eye, sciatic nerves and coelomic cavity were identified at post-mortem examination which effaced the cranial pole of the kidneys and diffusely effaced the testes. Lymphoid neoplasia was identified histologically at all of these sites and there was extensive hepatic lymphoid cell infiltration, which had not been grossly evident. The T-cell origin of the lymphoid cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for CD3 antigen. A virulent strain of MDV 1 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in DNA samples extracted from the kidney and testes. As MD is rare in peafowl it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for intraocular and coelomic masses with associated clinical signs., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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9. Spinal cord protothecosis causing paraparesis in a dog.
- Author
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Asiag N, Lapid R, Aizenberg Z, Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Leszkowicz-Mazuz M, Yasur-Landau D, Chai O, Aroch I, and Shamir MH
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- Animals, Diarrhea veterinary, Dogs, Paraparesis veterinary, Plant Breeding, Skin Diseases, Infectious, Spinal Cord pathology, Weight Loss, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases pathology, Infections diagnosis, Infections pathology, Infections veterinary, Prototheca genetics
- Abstract
Protothecosis, an infectious disease caused by the green algae Prototheca zopfii and P. wickerhamii , occurs sporadically in domestic animals and humans. Diagnosis of CNS protothecosis is based on neurologic signs that indicate multifocal nervous system lesions and that follow a period of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, cytologic observation of algae in fecal culture or histopathology, and detection of the agent by PCR assay of infected tissues. Here, we report a case of a paraparetic dog with CNS protothecosis that was diagnosed definitively antemortem using CSF cytology, PCR, and DNA sequencing. A 4-y-old mixed-breed dog developed progressive paraparesis that followed weight loss and diarrhea. CSF analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis. Prototheca organisms were detected by microscopic examination of the CSF, and speciated as P. zopfii by CSF PCR and DNA sequencing. Other possible causes of paraparesis were ruled out using computed tomography, serology, and CSF PCR. The dog's condition deteriorated despite treatment, developing forebrain and central vestibular system clinical signs, and it was euthanized at the owner's request. Postmortem examination was declined. Our findings indicate that when CNS protothecosis is suspected, antemortem diagnosis can be made using CSF analysis and a PCR assay.
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- 2022
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10. Inflammatory granuloma mimicking neoplasia in a paraparetic cat.
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Ives EJ, Herrmann A, and Dominguez E
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- Animals, Cats, Diagnosis, Differential, Granuloma diagnosis, Granuloma veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 2021
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11. Intradural extramedullary granular cell tumour in a cat.
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Valentini A, Canal S, Mandara MT, Balducci F, and Bernardini M
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- Animals, Cats, Lumbar Vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Paraparesis veterinary, Radiography, Cat Diseases, Granular Cell Tumor veterinary
- Abstract
A 7-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for progressive paraparesis, inability to jump, a paralysed tail and inability to void the bladder. Neurologic examination was consistent with a L4-S3 localisation. Survey radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column revealed L4-L7 vertebral body remodelling. A pre-contrast T1-weighted hyperintense, diffusely enhancing intradural lesion extending from L4 to S1 vertebral bodies was detected by MRI. Large, mesenchymal, round-to-polygonal cells arranged in nests or sheets were found on histologic examination at post mortem. These cells were characterised by abundant intracytoplasmic PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules and positive immunoexpression of vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase and desmin. This is the first report of a spinal granular cell tumour in a cat., (© 2018 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.)
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- 2020
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12. Leishmania hide-and-seek: Parasite amastigotes in the choroid plexus of a dog with neurological signs in an endemic municipality in Brazil.
- Author
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Grano FG, Silva JEDS, Melo GD, and Machado GF
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- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Brain parasitology, Brain pathology, Brazil, Choroid Plexus pathology, DNA, Protozoan isolation & purification, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Endemic Diseases veterinary, Fatal Outcome, Female, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, In Situ Hybridization veterinary, Leishmania genetics, Leishmania immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral pathology, Paraparesis parasitology, Paraparesis veterinary, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Spleen parasitology, Zoonoses parasitology, Choroid Plexus parasitology, Dog Diseases parasitology, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Visceral veterinary
- Abstract
A female adult mixed-breed stray dog presented with hind limb paraparesis and clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis. The cerebrospinal fluid presented signs of blood-brain barrier disruption. Both spleen and brain were positive for Leishmania spp. DNA. Besides inflammation, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed the presence of intracellular amastigotes in the choroid plexus (CP). Despite other studies that revealed parasite DNA, the current study describes the presence of Leishmania within the brain of a naturally infected dog, specifically in CP, with no previous reports in the Americas, and suggests the CP as a possible pathway to parasite entry into the brain., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
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13. Long-term outcome following surgical and radiation treatment of vertebral angiomatosis in a cat.
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Hans EC, Dudley RM, Watson AT, Chalkley M, Foss KD, Bancroft A, and Prescott DM
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- Angiomatosis diagnosis, Animals, Cat Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cat Diseases radiotherapy, Cat Diseases surgery, Cats, Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Compression diagnosis, Angiomatosis veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Lumbar Vertebrae, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary
- Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old 5.2-kg (11.4-lb) neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred because of a 6-week history of progressive paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS Neurologic examination revealed moderate ambulatory paraparesis with marked spinal hyperesthesia at the thoracolumbar junction. The lesion was localized to the T3-L3 spinal cord segment. Clinicopathologic testing, thoracic radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormalities to explain the observed clinical signs. Advanced spinal imaging with MRI revealed an extradural right-lateralized mass originating from the L2 vertebral pedicle and causing severe spinal cord compression. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgical decompression was achieved by performance of a right-sided hemilaminectomy at L2. Histologic examination of biopsy samples obtained from the mass revealed an ill-defined zone of mature vascular proliferation extending through the preexisting vertebral bone, consistent with vertebral angiomatosis. After surgical recovery, adjuvant radiation therapy was initiated with a total dose of 48 Gy administered in 16 fractions of 3 Gy each over a 3-week period. Neurologic function rapidly improved to full ambulation with only minimal monoparesis of the right pelvic limb. Results of neurologic and MRI examination performed 26 months after surgery indicated no change in neurologic status or evidence of recurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this report was the first to describe the long-term outcome for vertebral angiomatosis in a cat. Surgical decompression and radiation therapy provided an excellent outcome in this case. Vertebral angiomatosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for any young cat with thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to a mass associated with the vertebral pedicle.
- Published
- 2018
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14. Myocardial hypertrophy associated with long-term phenylpropanolamine use in a dog.
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Hanson KR and Ware WA
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dogs, Echocardiography veterinary, Electrocardiography, Female, Hypertrophy chemically induced, Hypertrophy complications, Hypertrophy veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Phenylpropanolamine administration & dosage, Sympathomimetics administration & dosage, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Myocardium pathology, Phenylpropanolamine adverse effects, Sympathomimetics adverse effects
- Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old spayed female Dalmatian was examined because of progressive pelvic limb paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog had a history of chronic urinary incontinence and had been treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) for almost 8.5 years. Intervertebral disk disease at T12-13 was diagnosed, and a hemilaminectomy was performed. Three days after surgery, the dog developed a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Severe left and mild right ventricular hypertrophy were detected by echocardiography. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The arrhythmia was controlled with sotalol. Phenylpropanolamine administration was discontinued immediately before surgery and was not resumed. Heart rate and rhythm and blood pressure were within reference limits, and the ventricular hypertrophy had almost completely resolved 5 months later. Sotalol administration was discontinued. Shortly after the 5-month recheck evaluation, PPA administration was resumed, albeit at a lower dosage than that before surgery, for control of urinary incontinence. At the 10-month recheck evaluation, the dog was hypertensive and ventricular hypertrophy had recurred. Discontinuation of PPA administration was recommended but not heeded. The dog developed marked azotemia 1.5 years after surgery, which was managed by the referring veterinarian, and was subsequently lost to follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The fact that the ventricular hypertrophy almost completely resolved when PPA administration was discontinued and then recurred after it was resumed strongly suggested the drug was an important contributing factor to the cardiac disease of this patient. Patients receiving PPA on a long-term basis should be frequently monitored for cardiac disease, and use of other adrenergic receptor agonists should be avoided in such patients.
- Published
- 2018
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15. Intervertebral disc herniation in two coatis (Nasua nasua) and postoperative laminectomy membrane formation.
- Author
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Meyerhoff N, Fehr M, Neßler J, Schütter AF, Dziallas P, Molnár V, Ludwig C, Zabke S, Lehmbecker A, and Tipold A
- Subjects
- Animals, Ataxia etiology, Ataxia physiopathology, Ataxia veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration physiopathology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration surgery, Intervertebral Disc Displacement physiopathology, Intervertebral Disc Displacement surgery, Male, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis physiopathology, Postoperative Complications physiopathology, Postoperative Complications veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary, Laminectomy adverse effects, Paraparesis veterinary, Procyonidae
- Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed spinal cord compression due to intervertebral disc herniation of Hansen type I and II in the thoracolumbar vertebral column in two middle-aged coatis ( Nasua nasua ) with chronic progressive paraparesis. Surgical treatment included hemilaminectomy and partial corpectomy in one and dorsal laminectomy in the other coati. Both coatis recovered well after surgery. One showed unremarkable gait 6 and 15 months post surgery, while the other one suffered from recurrence of paraparesis leading to euthanasia because of deterioration of neurological signs 20 months after the first surgery. Necropsy revealed formation of a laminectomy membrane compressing the spinal cord. Histopathological signs of spinal cord injury and findings of degenerative processes in the intervertebral disc were comparable to those described in dogs. In conclusion, this case report shows for the first time that surgical intervention seems to be a useful and safe treatment in chronic intervertebral disc herniation in coatis, but relapses are possible., Competing Interests: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)
- Published
- 2018
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16. ANIMAL TRAINING AND ACUPUNCTURE IN A BENGAL TIGER ( PANTHERA TIGRIS TIGRIS) WITH HIND LIMB PARAPARESIS.
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Lin YW and Wang LC
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo, Hindlimb physiopathology, Male, Paraparesis physiopathology, Paraparesis therapy, Radiography veterinary, Spondylosis diagnostic imaging, Treatment Outcome, Acupuncture Therapy veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Tigers
- Abstract
An 18-yr-old, captive-born male Bengal tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris) presented a 1-yr history of chronic and progressive paraparesis in both hind limbs. Lateral and hind limb radiographs were revealed normal except for severe spondylosis deformans, forming a bony bridge between the last lumbar and the first sacral vertebra and disc mineralization between the second and third lumbar vertebra. Medical therapies were instituted, including corticosteroids, hydroacupuncture and electroacupuncture. Animal training allowed veterinarians to perform acupuncture safely without having to anesthetize the animal. Animal training made intensive treatment possible. Neither corticosteroids nor hydroacupuncture alone provided much clinical improvement. The tiger reacted positively after electroacupuncture was performed. The tiger began showing clinical improvement after three electroacupuncture treatments and could eventually walk on all four limbs at the end of the treatment.
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- 2018
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17. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis?
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Wagner GR and Williamson BG
- Subjects
- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dogs, Male, Neurologic Examination veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Tick Paralysis complications, Tick Paralysis diagnosis, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Tick Paralysis veterinary
- Published
- 2018
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18. What Is Your Diagnosis?
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Hecht S, Davenport S, Hodshon A, and LoBato D
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases cerebrospinal fluid, Dogs, Female, Hemangioblastoma complications, Hemangioblastoma diagnostic imaging, Hindlimb, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms complications, Spinal Cord Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Thoracic Vertebrae, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Hemangioblastoma veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 2018
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19. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis?
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Kent M, Kirejczyk S, Aschenbroich SA, Barber RM, and Platt SR
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dogs, Histiocytic Sarcoma complications, Histiocytic Sarcoma diagnosis, Histiocytic Sarcoma diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Neurologic Examination veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms complications, Spinal Cord Neoplasms diagnosis, Spinal Cord Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Histiocytic Sarcoma veterinary, Lumbar Vertebrae, Spinal Cord Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 2017
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20. [Spinal nephroblastoma at an uncommon localization in a dog].
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Langen N, von Pückler K, Tillmanns C, Bornand V, Kramer M, and Schmidt MJ
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- Animals, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Neoplasms complications, Spinal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Spinal Neoplasms pathology, Wilms Tumor diagnostic imaging, Wilms Tumor pathology, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinal Neoplasms veterinary, Wilms Tumor veterinary
- Abstract
A 7-month-old intact male Otterhound was presented for diagnosis of progressive hindlimb paresis. The neurological examination revealed a severe ambulatory paraparesis localised to the left-sided region of the lower motor neuron (L4-S1). Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive for an intradural-extramedullary neoplasia at the fifth lumbar vertebra. Surgical exploration demonstrated an intradural-extramedullary mass, which partially invaded the spinal cord. The mass was removed with the exception of the intramedullar part, and the diagnosis of a nephroblastoma was made histopathologically. Following radiation therapy, the dog fully recovered and displayed no signs of neurological dysfunction 9 months after surgery.
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- 2017
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21. What is your diagnosis? Vertebral mass in a cat.
- Author
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Meléndez-Lazo A, Ros C, de la Fuente C, Añor S, Fernández-Flores F, and Pastor J
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- Angiomatosis diagnostic imaging, Angiomatosis pathology, Animals, Bone Remodeling, Cat Diseases pathology, Cat Diseases surgery, Cats, Male, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis pathology, Paraparesis surgery, Spine diagnostic imaging, Spine pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Angiomatosis veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis veterinary
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- 2017
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22. Computed tomographic and angiographic assessment of spinal extradural arteriovenous fistulas in a dog.
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Morabito S, Auriemma E, Zagarella P, Mercuriali E, Domenech O, Gandini G, Gagliardo T, Zini E, and Specchi S
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- Angiography veterinary, Animals, Arteriovenous Fistula diagnostic imaging, Dogs, Male, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Canal blood supply, Spinal Canal diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord Compression diagnostic imaging, Thoracic Vertebrae, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Arteriovenous Fistula veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary
- Abstract
A 6-month-old German shepherd dog was presented for progressive paraparesis. Multiple arteriovenous fistulae and hyperostosis of the thoracic vertebrae with secondary thoraco-lumbar spinal cord compression were diagnosed. Arteriovenous spinal fistula is a rare condition but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young dogs with progressive paraparesis.
- Published
- 2017
23. Postoperative symptomatic haematoma and pneumorrhachis in a dog with a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.
- Author
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Cornelis I, Monticelli P, and De Decker S
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- Animals, Dog Diseases surgery, Dogs, Hematoma complications, Hematoma diagnostic imaging, Intervertebral Disc Displacement diagnostic imaging, Intervertebral Disc Displacement surgery, Laminectomy veterinary, Male, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Pneumorrhachis complications, Pneumorrhachis diagnostic imaging, Postoperative Complications diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Hematoma veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Pneumorrhachis veterinary, Postoperative Complications veterinary
- Abstract
Case Report: A 6-year-old male neutered crossbreed dog presented with acute onset paraparesis and was diagnosed with an L1-L2 intervertebral disc extrusion. A right-sided T13-L2 hemilaminectomy was performed. However, the dog deteriorated and became paraplegic with marked thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia 48 h after surgery. A computed tomography scan of the thoracolumbar vertebral column revealed the presence of pneumorrhachis (PR) at the level of T13, possibly embedded in a haematoma, and causing marked spinal cord compression. Revision surgery confirmed the presence of a haematoma, which was removed. The dog gradually improved and was neurologically normal 6 weeks after surgery., Conclusion: Although PR is a rare condition, it may be considered a possible cause for early postoperative neurological deterioration in dogs undergoing decompressive spinal surgery. Surgical revision resulted in a good outcome in the presented case., (© 2016 Australian Veterinary Association.)
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- 2016
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24. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-VERTEBRAL POLYOSTOTIC LYMPHOMA IN A GERIATRIC DOG.
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Kornder J, Platt SR, Eagleson J, Kent M, and Holmes SP
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- Animals, Biopsy, Fine-Needle veterinary, Dogs, Female, Georgia, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology, Lymphoma diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord diagnostic imaging, Spinal Cord pathology, Spinal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Lymphoma veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female Scottish terrier presented with an 8-day history of progressive paraparesis. Neurological examination suggested a painful T3-L3 myelopathy. Multifocal uniform contrast-enhancing masses involving the vertebral bodies, pedicles, laminae, and spinous processes of two vertebrae and compressing the spinal cord were present on MRI. Fluoroscopic-guided fine needle aspiration of one of the vertebral lesions revealed a predominantly lymphoblastic population of cells compatible with a diagnosis of lymphoma. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first published case of canine lymphoma with vertebral involvement, characterized with MRI., (© 2015 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2016
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25. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? Myelopathy in the region of T3 through L2.
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Meeker SM, Treuting PM, Maggio-Price L, and Snyder JM
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Euthanasia, Animal, Fatal Outcome, Female, Incidental Findings, Lipoma pathology, Lipoma veterinary, Lumbar Vertebrae, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Rats, Spinal Cord Diseases diagnosis, Spinal Neoplasms pathology, Spinal Neoplasms veterinary, Thoracic Vertebrae, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rodent Diseases diagnosis, Spinal Cord Diseases veterinary
- Published
- 2016
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26. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the spine in a nine-year-old cat.
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Bossens K, Bhatti S, Van Soens I, Gielen I, and Van Ham L
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- Animals, Ataxia etiology, Ataxia veterinary, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal complications, Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal diagnosis, Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal veterinary
- Abstract
A nine-year-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for paraparesis, ataxia and severe spinal hyperaesthesia. Neurological examination indicated a T3-L3 spinal cord segment lesion. Computed tomography of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral vertebral column was performed. This showed contiguous smooth new bone formation ventral and lateral to the vertebrae extending from the cranial thoracic area to the lumbosacral junction and appearing similar to canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. There was also marked dorsolateral stenosis of the vertebral canal at the level of T4-T5 because of degenerative changes of the facet joints. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of feline diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis., (© 2015 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2016
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27. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? Intervertebral Disk Disease.
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Hiebert EC, Gambino J, Kepler D, and Beasley M
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- Animals, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Crystalloid Solutions, Dexamethasone administration & dosage, Dexamethasone therapeutic use, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration diagnosis, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration surgery, Isotonic Solutions therapeutic use, Laminectomy methods, Laminectomy veterinary, Male, Meloxicam, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis pathology, Paraparesis veterinary, Thiazines administration & dosage, Thiazines therapeutic use, Thiazoles administration & dosage, Thiazoles therapeutic use, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Imaging diagnosis--spinal cord histiocytic sarcoma in a dog.
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Taylor A, Eichelberger B, Hodo C, Cooper J, and Porter B
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- Animals, Ataxia veterinary, Contrast Media, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Histiocytic Sarcoma pathology, Image Enhancement methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Diseases veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms pathology, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Histiocytic Sarcoma veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 12-year-old mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of progressive paraparesis and ataxia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed and identified multifocal intradural spinal cord mass lesions. The lesions were hyperintense in T2-weighted sequences, isointense to mildly hyperintense in T1-weighted sequences with strong contrast enhancement of the intradural lesions and spinal cord meninges. Spinal cord neoplasia was suspected. A diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord histiocytic sarcoma, confined to the central nervous system, was confirmed histopathologically. Spinal cord histiocytic sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, but should be included in the differential diagnosis for dogs with clinical signs of myelopathy., (© 2014 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2015
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29. Thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation in eight dogs: clinical, low-field magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomographic myelography findings.
- Author
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Tamura S, Doi S, Tamura Y, Takahashi K, Enomoto H, Ozawa T, and Uchida K
- Subjects
- Animals, Contrast Media, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dogs, Image Enhancement methods, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Intervertebral Disc Displacement diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Myelography veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Paraplegia veterinary, Paresis veterinary, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology, Thoracic Vertebrae pathology
- Abstract
Intradural disc herniation is a rarely reported cause of neurologic deficits in dogs and few published studies have described comparative imaging characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective cross sectional study was to describe clinical and imaging findings in a group of dogs with confirmed thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation. Included dogs were referred to one of four clinics, had acute mono/paraparesis or paraplegia, had low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomographic myelography, and were diagnosed with thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation during surgery. Eight dogs met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation amongst the total population of dogs that developed a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation and that were treated with a surgical procedure was 0.5%. Five dogs were examined using low-field MRI. Lesions that were suspected to be intervertebral disc herniations were observed; however, there were no specific findings indicating that the nucleus pulposus had penetrated into the subarachnoid space or into the spinal cord parenchyma. Thus, the dogs were misdiagnosed as having a conventional intervertebral disc herniation. An intradural extramedullary disc herniation (three cases) or intramedullary disc herniation (two cases) was confirmed during surgery. By using computed tomographic myelography (CTM) for the remaining three dogs, an intradural extramedullary mass surrounded by an accumulation of contrast medium was observed and confirmed during surgery. Findings from this small sample of eight dogs indicated that CTM may be more sensitive for diagnosing canine thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation than low-field MRI., (© 2014 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Focal bacterial meningitis following ascending bite wound infection leading to paraparesis in a captive California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).
- Author
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Braun V, Eskens U, Hartmann A, Lang B, Kramer M, and Schmidt MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo, Female, Meningitis, Bacterial etiology, Meningitis, Bacterial pathology, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis microbiology, Wound Infection complications, Bites and Stings complications, Meningitis, Bacterial veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Sea Lions, Wound Infection veterinary
- Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 15-yr-old captive female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) with a 2-wk history of progressive paraparesis and a 9-mo history of exudative skin lesion on the left thoracic wall. Magnetic resonance images showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion ventrolateral to the seventh cervical to the third thoracic vertebra on the left side, which extended through the left intervertebral foramina C7 to T3 into the vertebral canal, causing spinal cord compression and displacement as well as inflammation of the spinal cord and nerves. This lesion surprisingly caused no forelimb deficits. Differential diagnoses included abscess formation or neoplasia. Pathologic examination revealed chronic focal purulent meningitis associated with widespread paraspinal fistulous inflammation originating from a chronic dermal ulcer. Mainly Escherichia coli var. haemolytica and Clostridium perfringens were identified as the underlying agents.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Paraparesis in a Golden Retriever.
- Author
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Aschenbroich S, Woolcock A, and Rissi DR
- Subjects
- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dogs, Epithelioid Cells pathology, Euthanasia, Animal, Factor VIII metabolism, Female, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid diagnostic imaging, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid pathology, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid veterinary, Hemangiosarcoma diagnostic imaging, Hemangiosarcoma pathology, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Lung pathology, Myocardium pathology, Radiography, Vascular Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Vascular Neoplasms pathology, Dog Diseases pathology, Hemangiosarcoma veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Vascular Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 7-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever dog presented with fever and a 10-day history of neurological signs, including ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. Neurological examination initially revealed a T3-L3 myelopathy. Thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse miliary pulmonary pattern. Endotracheal washes and fine-needle aspirates from several organs aimed at identifying a potential infectious agent or neoplastic process were all unsuccessful. Due to worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy findings included multifocal, pale to dark red, firm nodules infiltrating the lungs, heart, mesentery, pancreas, small intestine, brain, and spinal cord. Cytological examination of impression smears obtained from the pulmonary nodules during necropsy revealed clusters of epithelioid cells admixed with fewer spindle cells, erythrocytes, and scattered leukocytes. Clinical signs and cytological findings initially suggested the possibility of a widespread granulomatous disease or a metastatic epithelial neoplasm as possible clinical differentials in this case. The final diagnosis was based on the gross and histological findings, with confirmation following histochemistry and immunohistochemistry., (© The Author(s) 2013.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. What is your neurologic diagnosis? Fibrocartilaginous embolism in a cat.
- Author
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Barker EN, Schofield E, and Granger NP
- Subjects
- Animals, Cartilage Diseases diagnosis, Cartilage Diseases pathology, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Diagnosis, Differential, Dysuria veterinary, Embolism diagnosis, Embolism pathology, Male, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis pathology, Spinal Cord Injuries diagnosis, Spinal Cord Injuries pathology, Cartilage Diseases veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Embolism veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Injuries veterinary
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Unilateral shunt formation with thoracic aortic dissection in a whippet.
- Author
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Cornelis I, Bosmans T, Doom M, Binst D, Van der Vekens E, Kromhout K, Cornillie P, and Van Ham L
- Subjects
- Aortic Dissection complications, Aortic Dissection diagnosis, Aortic Dissection pathology, Animals, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic complications, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic diagnosis, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic pathology, Arteriovenous Fistula etiology, Brachiocephalic Trunk pathology, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Male, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Subclavian Artery pathology, Aortic Dissection veterinary, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic veterinary, Arteriovenous Fistula veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
A three-year-old neutered male whippet was presented with intermittent, exercise-induced paraparesis. Femoral pulses were bilaterally absent. Neurologic examination was suggestive of a thoracolumbar myelopathy. Blood pressure measurements revealed hypotension in both pelvic limbs, hypertension in the right thoracic limb and it was immeasurable in the left thoracic limb. Echocardiography was within reference limits. A clear vascular pulsation was palpable on the right ventral abdominal wall. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a dissection of the aortic wall between the left subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk with subsequent thrombus formation. A shunt between the right internal thoracic, cranial and caudal epigastric arteries to preserve blood flow to the pelvic limbs was visualized. Necropsy was declined by the owner. This is the first case report describing the formation of a unilateral vascular shunt following a thoracic aortic occlusion, which presented as exercise-induced paraparesis., (© 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Paraparesis as initial manifestation of a Prototheca zopfii infection in a dog.
- Author
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Font C, Mascort J, Márquez M, Esteban C, Sánchez D, Durall N, Pumarola M, and Luján A
- Subjects
- Animals, Dog Diseases etiology, Dogs, Female, Infections complications, Paraparesis etiology, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Infections veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Prototheca
- Abstract
A case of protothecosis causing non-ambulatory paraparesis in a dog without clinical evidence of disseminated infection is described. A five-year-old female Labrador retriever was referred with a 10-day history of progressive non-ambulatory paraparesis and lumbar pain as the only physical and neurological abnormalities. Lumbar myelography revealed severe extradural spinal cord compression extending from L4 to L7 vertebrae, and a right hemilaminectomy was performed. Surgical findings included an adherent whitish hard ill-defined mass. Cytology and biopsy results disclosed the presence of algae enclosed in a matrix of chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Culture confirmed the presence of Prototheca species. Neurological improvement occurred within a month, and the dog received antifungal treatment without evidence of clinical disseminated disease for 6 months, but died after a generalised tonic-clonic seizure. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple foci of inflammatory granulomatous infiltrate and algae-like structures in the brain, lumbar intumescence and cauda equina. Prototheca zopfii was identified using molecular biology methods., (© 2014 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. [Focal meningitis in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)--diagnostic procedure and pathology].
- Author
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Lang B, Eskens U, Hartmann A, Braun V, Schmidt MJ, and von Hegel G
- Subjects
- Animals, Clostridium perfringens isolation & purification, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections diagnosis, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections pathology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Gas Gangrene diagnosis, Gas Gangrene microbiology, Gas Gangrene pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meningitis, Bacterial diagnosis, Meningitis, Bacterial microbiology, Meningitis, Bacterial pathology, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis microbiology, Paraparesis pathology, Escherichia coli Infections veterinary, Gas Gangrene veterinary, Meningitis, Bacterial veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Sea Lions
- Abstract
A 15-year-old female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) with progressive lameness of the hindlimbs and a chronic skin lesion was presented for clinical examination. The clinical neurological examination, showing a paraparesis, was completed by magnetic resonance imaging. MR images of the cervical and thoracic spine showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion between the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and the second thoracic vertebra (T2), which extended through the intervertebral foramina between C7 and T1 into the vertebral canal, causing spinal cord compression and displacement. Pathological examination revealed focal purulent meningitis resulting from widespread fistulas of the chronic skin leasion, which was infected with Escherichia coli var. haemolytica and Clostridium perfringens.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Infiltrative lipoma compressing the spinal cord in 2 large-breed dogs.
- Author
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Hobert MK, Brauer C, Dziallas P, Gerhauser I, Algermissen D, Tipold A, and Stein VM
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Fatal Outcome, Female, Lipoma complications, Lipoma diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord pathology, Spinal Cord Compression diagnosis, Spinal Cord Compression etiology, Spinal Cord Neoplasms complications, Spinal Cord Neoplasms diagnosis, Lipoma veterinary, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Two cases of infiltrative lipomas compressing the spinal cord and causing nonambulatory paraparesis in 2 large-breed dogs are reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed severe extradural spinal cord compression by inhomogenous masses that infiltrated the adjacent tissues and the muscles of the spine in both dogs. The presumptive clinical diagnoses were infiltrative lipomas, which were confirmed by histopathology. In rare cases infiltrative lipomas are able to compress the spinal cord by the agressive growth of invasive adipocytes causing neurological deficits.
- Published
- 2013
37. Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933): description of adults and additional case reports of neurological diseases in three domestic cats from southern Chile.
- Author
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Moroni M, Muñoz P, Gómez M, Mieres M, Rojas M, Lillo C, Aguirre F, Acosta-Jamett G, Kaiser M, and Lindsay DS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Chile, Female, Male, Nematoda anatomy & histology, Nematode Infections complications, Nematode Infections parasitology, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis parasitology, Paraplegia etiology, Paraplegia parasitology, Spinal Cord blood supply, Spinal Cord parasitology, Subarachnoid Space parasitology, Cat Diseases parasitology, Nematoda physiology, Nematode Infections veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Paraplegia veterinary
- Abstract
Adults of Gurltia paralysans were obtained from veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space from three domestic cats presenting with chronic paraparesis/paraplegia from rural areas of southern Chile. Four adult nematodes were collected (2 males and 2 females) were recovered from cat 1, 14 adult nematodes (12 females and 2 males) from cat 2, and 12 nematodes (10 females and 2 males) were collected from cat 3. Parasite induced lesions that compromised subarachnoid vein microvasculature at the thoracic, lumbar, sacral spinal cord segments extending to conus medularis. Female nematodes measured 25 mm long (range=25-30 mm) and 0.1mm wide. Male measured a mean of 16 mm length (range=13-18 mm) with a body diameter of 0.1mm (range=0.08-0.15 mm). The present study described structural features of G. paralysans, a rare parasite first reported in the 1930s, and provides additional reports on associated clinical and pathological findings in naturally infected domestic cats., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Meningomyelitis due to nematode infection in four cats.
- Author
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Gómez M, Mieres M, Moroni M, Mora A, Barrios N, Simeone C, and Lindsay DS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cat Diseases etiology, Cats, Female, Male, Meningoencephalitis complications, Meningoencephalitis parasitology, Metastrongyloidea isolation & purification, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis parasitology, Strongylida Infections complications, Strongylida Infections parasitology, Cat Diseases parasitology, Meningoencephalitis veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Strongylida Infections veterinary
- Abstract
Spinal cord parasitic migrations in cats are uncommon. This report describes four cases of chronic hindlimb paraparesis in cats associated with nematode infection. Complete neurologic, hematologic, serum chemistry and radiographic examination was performed on all animals. Computed tomographic (CT)-myelographic examination at the lumbar area in one cat showed a slight swelling of the spinal cord. Necropsy examination of the spinal cord revealed generalized edema and marked submeningeal hemorrhage at the thoracic region in three cats. On histopathologic examination, numerous sections of adult nematodes and eggs were present in histological sections of the affected spinal cord segments in all cats. The morphologic features of the nematode, location and appearance of the lesions suggest that the parasite responsible for the paralysis in these cats is Gurltia paralysans., ((c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Spinal osteomyelitis and epidural empyema in a dog due to migrating conifer material.
- Author
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Sutton A, May C, and Coughlan A
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteroidaceae Infections veterinary, Clostridium Infections veterinary, Clostridium perfringens isolation & purification, Dogs, Empyema etiology, Epidural Space microbiology, Female, Foreign-Body Migration complications, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology, Myelography veterinary, Osteomyelitis microbiology, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Prevotella isolation & purification, Spinal Diseases etiology, Tracheophyta, Dog Diseases etiology, Empyema veterinary, Foreign-Body Migration veterinary, Osteomyelitis veterinary, Spinal Diseases veterinary
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Early recurrence of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion after surgical decompression: a report of three cases.
- Author
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Stigen Ø, Ottesen N, and Jäderlund KH
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Female, Intervertebral Disc Displacement complications, Intervertebral Disc Displacement diagnostic imaging, Intervertebral Disc Displacement surgery, Male, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Radiography, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases surgery, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary
- Abstract
Thoracolumbar disc extrusions were diagnosed in three chondrodystrophic dogs with paraparesis of up to three days duration. All cases were managed by hemilaminectomy and removal of extruded disc material. In one dog, fenestration of the herniated disc space was also performed. Initially neurological function improved or was unchanged, but from two to ten days postoperatively clinical signs of deterioration became apparent. In all the dogs, recurrence of disc extrusion at the same location as the initial extrusion was diagnosed by computer tomography and at a second surgery abundant disc material was found at the hemilaminectomy site between the dura and an implanted graft of autogenous fat.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Case report: Spinal dermoid sinus in a Burmese cat with paraparesis.
- Author
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Tong T and Simpson DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cat Diseases surgery, Cats, Dermoid Cyst complications, Dermoid Cyst diagnosis, Dermoid Cyst surgery, Male, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis surgery, Spinal Cord Neoplasms complications, Spinal Cord Neoplasms diagnosis, Spinal Cord Neoplasms surgery, Treatment Outcome, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Dermoid Cyst veterinary, Laminectomy veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 2-year-old, male, Burmese cat was evaluated for chronic progressive hindlimb weakness, ataxia and urinary incontinence. Radiographic examination, myelography and magnetic resonance imaging defined congenital vertebral anomalies and a space-occupying intradural, extramedullary mass. A dermoid sinus was subsequently identified dorsal to the affected spine. Surgical excision of the tract necessitated a dorsal laminectomy and removal of a 1-cm diameter intradural dermoid sinus 'cyst' that contained hair and sebaceous debris. The cat recovered hindlimb function after surgery and remains asymptomatic 50 months after surgery except for a persistent inability to urinate voluntarily.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Paraparesis in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) associated with West Nile virus infection.
- Author
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Dutton CJ, Quinnell M, Lindsay R, DeLay J, and Barker IK
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo virology, Fatal Outcome, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Male, Neutralization Tests veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis virology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, West Nile Fever complications, West Nile Fever diagnosis, West Nile virus isolation & purification, Antibodies, Viral blood, Paraparesis veterinary, Ursidae virology, West Nile Fever veterinary, West Nile virus immunology
- Abstract
A polar bear (Ursus maritimus) housed at the Toronto Zoo presented with acute-onset, nonambulatory paraparesis. Physical examination 24 hr after onset was otherwise unremarkable, spinal radiographs looked normal, and blood tests indicated mild dehydration. With continued deterioration in its general condition, euthanasia was elected a day later. Necropsy did not reveal a cause for the major presenting clinical signs. Serum collected at the time of initial examination was positive for West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies in a serum neutralization assay and at the time of euthanasia was positive in both a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in a plaque reduction neutralization assay. The major microscopic finding was a mild-to-moderate nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. WNV was not detected by immunohistochemistry in brain or spinal cord or by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell culture of brain and kidney, but it was isolated and identified by RT-PCR in second passage cell culture of spleen. Retrospective immunohistochemistry on spleen revealed rare antigen-positive cells, probably macrophages. Prevention of exposure to potentially WNV-infected mosquitoes or vaccination of captive bears against WNV should be considered.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Vertebral stabilisation and selective decompression for the management of triple thoracolumbar disc protrusions.
- Author
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McKee WM and Downes CJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Plates veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dogs, Intervertebral Disc Displacement complications, Intervertebral Disc Displacement diagnosis, Intervertebral Disc Displacement surgery, Lameness, Animal etiology, Laminectomy methods, Male, Paraparesis complications, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Paraparesis surgery, Paraparesis veterinary, Radiography, Spinal Cord Compression complications, Spinal Cord Compression etiology, Spinal Cord Compression surgery, Spondylosis diagnostic imaging, Spondylosis surgery, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases surgery, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary, Laminectomy veterinary, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary, Spondylosis veterinary
- Abstract
Triple adjacent thoracolumbar disc protrusions causing moderate to severe spinal cord compression were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in two German shepherd dogs with marked paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. Both cases were managed by selective hemilaminectomy, partial annulectomy and bilateral quadruple vertebral body stabilisation using novel canine locking fixation plates (SOP). The stabilisation of multiple vertebrae in the thoracolumbar spine was possible because the plates could be contoured with six degrees of freedom. Spinal pain resolved and neurological function improved in both dogs. Screw breakage was evident in one dog five months following surgery.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Partial lateral corpectomy for ventral extradural thoracic spinal cord compression in a cat.
- Author
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Böttcher P, Flegel T, Böttcher IC, Grevel V, and Oechtering G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Female, Intervertebral Disc Displacement complications, Intervertebral Disc Displacement surgery, Laminectomy veterinary, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Radiography, Spinal Cord Compression etiology, Spinal Cord Compression surgery, Thoracic Vertebrae, Treatment Outcome, Cat Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cat Diseases surgery, Decompression, Surgical veterinary, Intervertebral Disc Displacement veterinary, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary
- Abstract
A 7-year-old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat was presented for ambulatory paraparesis. No trauma history was reported. Myelography and subsequent computed tomography revealed multiple ventrally located extradural spinal cord compressive lesions possibly due to intervertebral disc disease. Compression at the level of Th3-Th4 intervertebral disc space was considered responsible for the paraparesis. The lesion was approached via a right-sided lateral partial corpectomy as described for dogs. Complete spinal decompression was achieved, as documented intraoperatively by visual inspection and palpation of the spinal canal. No surgery related complications were encountered and the cat improved gradually within 8 weeks after the procedure. At 1 year follow-up only a slight proprioceptive deficit in the right hind limb could be noted. This is the first report of partial lateral corpectomy in a cat and should encourage the use of this technique even in small patients.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Rostral cerebellar arterial infarct in two cats.
- Author
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Cherubini GB, Rusbridge C, Singh BP, Schoeniger S, and Mahoney P
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Animals, Brain Infarction complications, Brain Infarction diagnosis, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Cerebellar Diseases complications, Cerebellar Diseases diagnosis, Cerebellum blood supply, Diagnosis, Differential, Fatal Outcome, Female, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Brain Infarction veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Cerebellar Diseases veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary
- Abstract
A 10-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair (DSH) cat and a 6-year-old female neutered Siamese cat were presented following a peracute onset of decerebellate rigidity and a cerebellar vestibular syndrome, respectively. In both cats, physical examination and routine blood tests were unremarkable, as was routine analysis of cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the DSH cat. Based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features - focal wedge-shaped lesion in the cerebellum characterised by hyperintensity in T2-weighted, T2( *)-gradient echo and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images - a presumptive diagnosis of cerebellar infarct was made in both cases. In the DSH cat, the post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of cerebellar infarct and additionally found acute renal infarcts and a pulmonary neoplasia. In the Siamese cat, ultrasonographic evaluation of the heart revealed a probable low-grade chronic valvular endocarditis which was thought to be a potential source of thromboembolism. This paper describes the first two cases - one confirmed and the other suspected - of cerebellar infarct in the cat. The in vivo potential diagnostic value of the MRI study is highlighted. Cerebellar infarcts should be included in the differential diagnosis of cat with a peracute onset of cerebellar signs regardless of the severity of neurological deficits.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog.
- Author
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Vascellari M, Tasca S, Furlanello T, Carli E, Patron C, Mutinelli F, and Caldin M
- Subjects
- Animals, Anorexia etiology, Anorexia veterinary, Biopsy, Fine-Needle veterinary, Bone Marrow pathology, Dogs, Female, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology, Lymphoma pathology, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Radiography, Spinal Neoplasms pathology, Dog Diseases pathology, Lymphoma veterinary, Spinal Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
An unusual clinical presentation of lymphoma with vertebral involvement in a dog is reported. A 20-month-old intact female Golden Retriever presented with progressive paraparesis and anorexia. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile demonstrated pancytopenia and hypercalcemia. Ventral fusion of the lumbar vertebrae by new bony tissue deposition was evident on X-ray and CT scan. Fine needle aspiration revealed neoplastic lymphoid cells in lymph nodes and bone marrow. Histologically, vertebral bone and osteophytes, liver, bone marrow, kidney, and lymph nodes were diffusely infiltrated by neoplastic, lymphoid cells, with scant cytoplasm and round hyperchromatic nuclei. Polyostotic and medullary T-cell lymphoma with spondylosis was diagnosed. Lymphoma mainly affecting bone is uncommon in the dog. The present case differs from previously described polyostotic lymphomas in clinical signs of the disease, mainly attributable to spondylarthrosis. In addition, lymphomatous proliferation was associated with osteoproductive lesions of the vertebrae.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Paraparesis in an adult alpaca with discospondylitis.
- Author
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Zanolari P, Konar M, Tomek A, Hoby S, and Meylan M
- Subjects
- Animals, Fatal Outcome, Female, Intervertebral Disc physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Paraparesis physiopathology, Spondylitis physiopathology, Thoracic Vertebrae physiopathology, Camelids, New World physiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Spondylitis veterinary
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fecal incontinence and spinal cord abnormalities in seven dogs.
- Author
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Chen AV, Bagley RS, West CL, Gavin PR, and Tucker RL
- Subjects
- Animals, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases surgery, Dogs surgery, Fecal Incontinence diagnosis, Fecal Incontinence etiology, Fecal Incontinence surgery, Female, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis surgery, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases etiology, Dogs abnormalities, Fecal Incontinence veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord abnormalities
- Abstract
Seven dogs with fecal incontinence and abnormal gaits were evaluated. Fecal incontinence was characterized as defecation of normal stools without posturing. Duration of clinical signs prior to evaluation ranged from 5 months to 3 years. Five dogs had upper motor neuron (UMN) paraparesis, and 2 dogs had UMN tetraparesis. With magnetic resonance imaging, spinal cord abnormalities primarily involving the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord were identified in all dogs. Five dogs had focal abnormalities, and 2 dogs had diffuse abnormalities of the spinal cord. Of the dogs with focal spinal cord lesions, 4 had cystic spinal cord abnormalities and 1 had a meningioma. Surgery was performed on all dogs with focal lesions; 4 of the 5 dogs had resolution of fecal incontinence after surgery. Results in these dogs suggest that fecal incontinence can be associated with spinal cord abnormalities and, depending on the characteristics of the lesion, can resolve after surgical treatment of the abnormality.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. [Paraparesis in a dwarf goat: clarification by means of magnetic resonance imaging].
- Author
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Gygi M, Kathmann I, Konar M, Rottenberg S, and Meylan M
- Subjects
- Animals, Fatal Outcome, Goat Diseases diagnostic imaging, Goat Diseases etiology, Goats, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin complications, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis diagnosis, Paraparesis diagnostic imaging, Radiography, Spinal Canal pathology, Spinal Cord Compression diagnosis, Spinal Cord Compression etiology, Spinal Neoplasms complications, Spinal Neoplasms diagnosis, Goat Diseases diagnosis, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin veterinary, Paraparesis veterinary, Spinal Cord Compression veterinary, Spinal Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 4-year old pygmy goat with chronic paraparesis of the hindlimbs was referred to the Ruminant Clinic of the University of Berne. The causative lesion was localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord after a thorough clinical examination. Because a radiographic examination of the spine had not been diagnostic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. A mass compressing the spinal cord in the region of L2-L5 was detected. The goat was euthanized and autopsied, which allowed for the definitive diagnosis of lymphosarcoma. In addition to the changes in the lumbar area, further neoplastic masses were detected in the region of the thoracic vertebrae, near the thoracic aperture, on the lungs and on the pericardium. However, these processes had not yet caused clinical signs. MRI investigation allowed for the ante mortem diagnosis of an infiltrative mass in the spinal canal of this goat.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Intravascular lymphoma involving the central and peripheral nervous systems in a dog.
- Author
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Bush WW, Throop JL, McManus PM, Kapatkin AS, Vite CH, and Van Winkle TJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Ataxia etiology, Ataxia veterinary, Central Nervous System Neoplasms complications, Central Nervous System Neoplasms diagnosis, Death, Sudden veterinary, Dog Diseases cerebrospinal fluid, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Lymphoma complications, Lymphoma diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging veterinary, Male, Paraparesis etiology, Paraparesis veterinary, Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms complications, Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms diagnosis, Prednisone administration & dosage, Thrombocytopenia etiology, Thrombocytopenia veterinary, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Vascular Neoplasms complications, Vascular Neoplasms diagnosis, Vincristine administration & dosage, Central Nervous System Neoplasms veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Lymphoma veterinary, Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms veterinary, Vascular Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A 5-year-old, castrated male mixed-breed dog was presented for paraparesis, ataxia, hyperesthesia, and thrombocytopenia of 5 months' duration and recurrent seizures during the preceding 2 weeks. Multifocal neurological, ophthalmological, pulmonary, and cardiac diseases were identified. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported a tentative diagnosis of neoplastic or inflammatory disease. A computed tomography-guided biopsy provided both cytopathological and histopathological evidence of intravascular lymphoma. The disease progressed despite chemotherapy with prednisone, L-asparginase, and vincristine. Postmortem histopathological examinations suggested intravascular lymphoma in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in multiple other organ systems. This is the first description of an antemortem diagnosis and treatment of intravascular lymphoma involving the central nervous system of a dog.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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