Search

A technological scheme for drying binary solutions, which allows separating two-component solutions and complex systems using molecular size difference (molecular sieves), has been designed. Analysis of modern adsorbents produced by the domestic chemical industry was carried out, and the optimal parameters of the investigated zeolite adsorbents were determined for the regeneration and cooling processes that accompany the restoration of the adsorption properties of the adsorbents used. A mathematical model for calculating the adsorption of a water-methanol mixture on solid adsorbents has been developed and can be used for other processes, for example, for the drying of alcoholic solutions with components of polyhydric alcohols and water. A technique for calculating the separation units for binary systems is proposed.

The development of the main transport of natural gas is of great importance for the economy and industry of the Russian Federation in SHAPE \\* MERGEFORMAT the context of sanctions from the West. Reducing the cost of servicing and eliminating accidents and emergencies is an extremely urgent task that requires a solution with the involvement of modern scientific achievements and discoveries in this area. In this regard, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks that could reduce the risks of accidents and emergencies in the main pipelines caused by the formation of technogenic gas hydrates. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model for calculating the formation of hydrates in the cavity of the main gas pipeline, which would take into account the change in the temperature of the pipeline in the section under consideration, the relief of the route, as well as the carryover of a part of the inhibitor (methanol) by the flow of natural gas. To implement the proposed mathematical model, it is necessary to solve the differential equations proposed in the methodology of Gazprom PJSC for determining the gas temperature. The developed mathematical model should make it possible to reduce the consumption of methanol due to the accuracy of determining the site of the beginning of moisture condensation and supplying the inhibitor to these areas, as well as more accurate determination of the temperature and pressure of natural gas. In this study, the authors obtained an original mathematical model, which is adapted to operating conditions and allows using real data from the operating facility of the Ukhta -Torzhok gas pipeline to calculate the methanol consumption. The authors also take into account the equilibrium content of methanol and water vapors in the «natural gas - watermethanol solution» system in the developed mathematical model, and also introduce certain equations to determine the concentration of methanol that saturates the gas, the concentration of methanol that saturates the liquid, which make it possible to specify the volume of the reagent required for supplying gas to the flow in order to prevent the formation of hydrates and maintain a hydrate-free regime. The authors used a special nomogram to determine the equilibrium content of methanol and water vapors in the «natural gas - water-methanol solution» system, which has become quite widespread at the facilities for transporting hydrocarbon raw materials of Gazprom PJSC. In this paper, the main parameters influencing the formation of hydrates in the pipeline cavity are determined, and the obtained mathematical model is checked for compliance with the real data of the operating object of the main gas pipeline.

A mathematical model describing the processes of drying and concentration of methanol using molecular sieve properties of zeolites is presented. A new approach to the design and calculation of adsorption plants for the separation of binary systems is proposed. Dependences are given that describe the high-speed characteristics of a binary system using the Rittinger formula for turbulent flow regimes of a water–methanol mixture.

In this chapter, the author analyzed binary systems, ethanol + water, methanol + water and benzene + water, and an original mathematical model allowing the determination of the complete adsorption of binary systems on KaA, CaA, CaX, NaA and NaX zeolites using the Gibbs adsorption theory is proposed. The Gibbs equation and the Gibbs-Duhem equation have a number of limitations and do not take into account the properties of the investigated zeolites. Therefore, it is necessary to use the equations obtained by the author as a result of laboratory research, for the theoretical calculation and development of dehydration and concentration systems for alcohols.

the article describes the practice of industrial applications of zeolites in the oil and gas sector. The authors outline their advantages and disadvantages over other adsorbents. Moreover, the research shows the basic aspects of molecular sieves.

в данной статье приводится описание процесса образования гидратов в промысловых газопроводах и методы предупреждения гидратов. Дано описание условия образования гидратов для газов различной относительной плотности. Проведен анализ возможных мест образования гидратов в шлейфах газопровода, а также приведены кривые изменения условий образования гидратов.

The article deals with the North Caucasian romance myth of the past three decades in the context of neo-mythologism in the world literature. The purpose of the article is to identify the origin of the North Caucasian romance myth, its mythoephic background, nature and mythologism types. To analyze the problems of myth, folklore and literary relationships in the North Caucasian romance and to identify philosophical and psychological aspects of myth-making by North Caucasian writers we use both folklore and literary aspects and the achievements of psychoanalytic, structural and semiotic approaches. In the Introduction, the theoretical aspects of the problem under study of the romance myth genre from the perspective of the neo-mythologism actualization, the state of the previous study of the problem both in domestic literary criticism and foreign literary research. The bulk of the article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of mythopoetics on the semantics and artistic structure of the contemporary romance myth. During the sequential analysis of romance myths by North Caucasian writers such as H. Beshtokov, M. Bulkaty, N.Dzhusoyty, Yu.Chuyako, D. Koshubaev, N. Kuyeko both common patterns that are typical of their myth making and individual artistic features are considered. In particular, the functional significance of the myth in the contents and structure of romance myths, topic peculiarities, plot structure, image structure, world modeling are identified. The presence of mythopoetic chronotopes in all the romances under study, complex space-time continuum with a typical temporal change of plans and extent of spatial loci is marked. In the narrative texts of the novels under consideration the levels of mythopoetics are differentiated, the implicit nature of mythologism is traced. Such methods and techniques as intertextuality, allusion, reminiscence, code, symbol, myth, archetype, are marked as specific features of the literary text organization. Mythologism types of the works under consideration are identified; parallels between them and the Western European and American romance myth are drawn. In particular, the romance myths by M. Bulkaty “The Seventh Campaign of Soslan Narty”, D. Koshubaev “Abrag”, and H. Beshtokov “The Stone Age” are referred to a mixed type of mythologism and determined within the framework of post-modernism. The novel “The Wine of the Dead” by N. Kuyeko is considered in line with the “magic realism” and comports with the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by G. Marquez. In conclusion it is stated that re-mythologizing the North Caucasian novel and modernization of classical mythology at the turn of XX-XXI centuries caused its certain transformation that has led to the expansion and deepening of its problematics and enriching the genre and stylistic forms. It is established that the myth making nature of modern North Caucasian writers correlates with the main trends of world literature and can be defined as neo-mythologism inherent in post-modernism and magic realism. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p259

The article is a local research related to the solution of the general theoretical literary issue: whether Romanticism is beyond Romanticism boundaries as a certain historical trend. The article reveals the methodology of solving this problem that combines the achievements of ‘sociological’ and ‘formal’ national schools of literary research, as well as uses the method of philosophical metahermeneutics. In addition, the article provides a panorama of methodological approaches to the discussion of the Romanticism problem in foreign literary research. The bulk of the article examines the controversy in the Soviet literary research of the 60-80s in the 20th century about the possible existence of ‘new Romanticism’ in the initial method of ‘socialist realism’. This controversy has revealed two opposite approaches to the issue of ‘Romanticism post Romanticism’. The first approach expressed in the statements of G. Pospelov, V. Vanslov N. Gulyaev, E. Maymin (et al.) categorically denied ‘Romanticism post Romanticism’ as “Romanticism had already existed before”. The second approach, represented by A. Kireyeva, A. Ovcharenko, U. R. Focht, on the contrary, suggested the possibility (and even the regularity) of this phenomenon in the Soviet art. The article compares the seemingly typical Soviet polemic with the analogous polemic about Romanticism that erupted in the Russian literary criticism of the 30-40s in the 19th century. In ‘the debate about Romanticism’ the points of view both of ‘the Romanticism deniers’ referring to a unicity of (medieval) Romanticism – such as Nikolai Nadezhdin, and the supporters of the concept of ‘Romanticism and Timelessness’ – such as Vissarion Belinsky, were presented. The appearance of identical theoretical collisions in the Russian and Soviet literary research is inferred from the objective existence of the two types of thinking – analytical and synthetic – and the inevitability of ideological clashes of these types of thinking supporters. Analytical thinking is the ability to see and identify only those cultural phenomena that have been passed and digested by the mankind’s previous experience, and the movement of culture is determined by the “eternal side of nature and the human spirit” for synthetic thinking (Belinsky, 1981). DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p191

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used for the diagnosis of diphtheria. The data indicate the specificity and reliability of the method and prove the necessity of its use for the diagnosis of diphtheria and with prophylactic purposes in screening of certain populations.