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4. A national initiative in data science for health: an evaluation of the UK Farr Institute

Author

Hemingway, H, Lyons, R, Li, Q, Buchan, I, Ainsworth, J, Pell, J, Morris, A, Barnes, Michael R, Bedford, Helen, Bennie, Marion, Blandford, Ann, Briggs, Andy, Brocklehurst, Peter, Brophy, Sinead, Brown, Gavin, Burton, Paul, Butler, Christopher, Capewell, Simon, Carpenter, James, Carroll, John, Cassell, Jackie A, Castillo, Fortunato, Catchpole, Mike, Caulfield, Mark, Colhoun, Helen, Coveney, Peter, Cunningham-Burley, Sarah, Custovic, Adnan, Deanfield, John, Denaxas, Spiros, Dennis, Michael, Dezateux, Carol, Dibben, Chris, Diggle, Peter, Dixon, Will, Dunn, Graham, Emam, Khaled El, Fone, David, Ford, David, Ford, Ian, Frank, John, Freemantle, Nick, Gabbe, Belinda, Gallacher, John, Gibson, Martin, Gilbert, Ruth, Gissler, Mika, Goble, Carol, Goldberg, Andy, Gravenor, Mike, Gunnell, David, Hannaford, Phil, Hayward, Andrew, Hickman, Matthew, Hingorani, Aroon, Holm, Soren, Holman, Cashel, John, Gareth, John, Ann, Jones, Kerina, Kalra, Dipak, Laurie, Graeme, Lewis, Shon, Lloyd, Keith, Lowe, Sarah, McCowan, Colin, Macleod, John, Martin, Richard M, Moore, Anthony, Moore, Laurence, Nazareth, Irwin, Nenadic, Goran, Paranjothy, Shantini, Parmar, Max, Pebody, Richard, Petersen, Steffen, Petersen, Irene, Pillay, Deenan, Preen, David, Pickett, Kate, Pritchard-Jones, Kathy, Przulj, Natasa, Renehan, Andrew, Roberts, Stephen, Robson, John, Rodgers, Sarah, Rossor, Martin, Russell, Ian, Shawe-Taylor, John, Sheikh, Aziz, Siebert, Stefan, Snooks, Helen, Sperrin, Matthew, Stephenson, Judith, Sullivan, Frank, Taylor, Chris, Taylor, Paul, Timmis, Adam, and Ward, Hester JT

Subjects
Information and Computing Sciences, Library and Information Studies, Health Sciences, Generic health relevance, Health sciences, Human society, Information and computing sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent to which the inter-institutional, inter-disciplinary mobilisation of data and skills in the Farr Institute contributed to establishing the emerging field of data science for health in the UK.Design and outcome measuresWe evaluated evidence of six domains characterising a new field of science:defining central scientific challenges,demonstrating how the central challenges might be solved,creating novel interactions among groups of scientists,training new types of experts,re-organising universities,demonstrating impacts in society.We carried out citation, network and time trend analyses of publications, and a narrative review of infrastructure, methods and tools.SettingFour UK centres in London, North England, Scotland and Wales (23 university partners), 2013-2018.Results1. The Farr Institute helped define a central scientific challenge publishing a research corpus, demonstrating insights from electronic health record (EHR) and administrative data at each stage of the translational cycle in 593 papers with at least one Farr Institute author affiliation on PubMed. 2. The Farr Institute offered some demonstrations of how these scientific challenges might be solved: it established the first four ISO27001 certified trusted research environments in the UK, and approved more than 1000 research users, published on 102 unique EHR and administrative data sources, although there was no clear evidence of an increase in novel, sustained record linkages. The Farr Institute established open platforms for the EHR phenotyping algorithms and validations (>70 diseases, CALIBER). Sample sizes showed some evidence of increase but remained less than 10% of the UK population in primary care-hospital care linked studies. 3.The Farr Institute created novel interactions among researchers: the co-author publication network expanded from 944 unique co-authors (based on 67 publications in the first 30 months) to 3839 unique co-authors (545 papers in the final 30 months). 4. Training expanded substantially with 3 new masters courses, training >400 people at masters, short-course and leadership level and 48 PhD students. 5. Universities reorganised with 4/5 Centres established 27 new faculty (tenured) positions, 3 new university institutes. 6. Emerging evidence of impacts included: > 3200 citations for the 10 most cited papers and Farr research informed eight practice-changing clinical guidelines and policies relevant to the health of millions of UK citizens.ConclusionThe Farr Institute played a major role in establishing and growing the field of data science for health in the UK, with some initial evidence of benefits for health and healthcare. The Farr Institute has now expanded into Health Data Research (HDR) UK but key challenges remain including, how to network such activities internationally.

Published
2020

6. Maternal and neonatal outcomes among spontaneous vaginal births occurring in or out of water following intrapartum water immersion: The POOL cohort study

Author

Sanders, Julia, primary, Barlow, Christy, additional, Brocklehurst, Peter, additional, Cannings‐John, Rebecca, additional, Channon, Susan, additional, Cutter, Judith, additional, Hunter, Billie, additional, Jokinen, Mervi, additional, Lugg‐Widger, Fiona, additional, Milosevic, Sarah, additional, Gale, Chris, additional, Milton, Rebecca, additional, Morantz, Leah, additional, Paranjothy, Shantini, additional, Plachcinski, Rachel, additional, and Robling, Michael, additional

Published
2024
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13. The Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal

Author

Bauermeister, Sarah, Orton, Christopher, Thompson, Simon, Barker, Roger A., Bauermeister, Joshua R., Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Brayne, Carol, Burn, David, Campbell, Archie, Calvin, Catherine, Chandran, Siddharthan, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chêne, Geneviève, Chessell, Iain P., Corbett, Anne, Davis, Daniel H. J., Denis, Mike, Dufouil, Carole, Elliott, Paul, Fox, Nick, Hill, Derek, Hofer, Scott M., Hu, Michele T., Jindra, Christoph, Kee, Frank, Kim, Chi-Hun, Kim, Changsoo, Kivimaki, Mika, Koychev, Ivan, Lawson, Rachael A., Linden, Gerry J., Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Clare, Matthews, Paul M., McGuiness, Bernadette, Middleton, Lefkos, Moody, Catherine, Moore, Katrina, Na, Duk L., O’Brien, John T., Ourselin, Sebastien, Paranjothy, Shantini, Park, Ki-Soo, Porteous, David J., Richards, Marcus, Ritchie, Craig W., Rohrer, Jonathan D., Rossor, Martin N., Rowe, James B., Scahill, Rachael, Schnier, Christian, Schott, Jonathan M., Seo, Sang W., South, Matthew, Steptoe, Matthew, Tabrizi, Sarah J., Tales, Andrea, Tillin, Therese, Timpson, Nicholas J., Toga, Arthur W., Visser, Pieter-Jelle, Wade-Martins, Richard, Wilkinson, Tim, Williams, Julie, Wong, Andrew, and Gallacher, John E. J.

Published
2020

14. Long-term consequences of urinary tract infection in childhood: an electronic population-based cohort study in Welsh primary and secondary care.

Author

Hughes, Kathryn, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Jones, Hywel, Lugg-Widger, Fiona, Lau, Tin Man Mandy, Paranjothy, Shantini, Francis, Nick, Hay, Alastair D, Butler, Christopher C, Angel, Lianna, Van der Voort, Judith, and Hood, Kerenza

Subjects
URINARY tract infections, SECONDARY care (Medicine), CHRONIC kidney failure, COHORT analysis, KIDNEY failure, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Background: Childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause renal scarring, and possibly hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Previous studies have focused on selected populations, with severe illness or underlying risk factors. The risk for most children with UTI is unclear. Aim: To examine the association between childhood UTI and outcomes in an unselected population of children. Design and setting: A retrospective population-based cohort study using linked GP, hospital, and microbiology records in Wales, UK. Method: Participants were all children born in 2005–2009, with follow-up until 31 December 2017. The exposure was microbiologically confirmed UTI before the age of 5 years. The key outcome measures were renal scarring, hypertension, CKD, and ESRF. Results: In total, 159 201 children were included; 77 524 (48.7%) were female and 7% (n = 11 099) had UTI before the age of 5 years. A total of 0.16% (n = 245) were diagnosed with renal scarring by the age of 7 years. Odds of renal scarring were higher in children by age 7 years with UTI (1.24%; adjusted odds ratio 4.60 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.33 to 6.35]). Mean follow-up was 9.53 years. Adjusted hazard ratios were: 1.44 (95% CI = 0.84 to 2.46) for hypertension; 1.67 (95% CI = 0.85 to 3.31) for CKD; and 1.16 (95% CI = 0.56 to 2.37) for ESRF. Conclusion: The prevalence of renal scarring in an unselected population of children with UTI is low. Without underlying risk factors, UTI is not associated with CKD, hypertension, or ESRF by the age of 10 years. Further research with systematic scanning of children's kidneys, including those with less severe UTI and without UTI, is needed to increase the certainty of these results, as most children are not scanned. Longer follow-up is needed to establish if UTI, without additional risk factors, is associated with hypertension, CKD, or ESRF later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

15. Long-term consequences of urinary tract infection in Childhood (LUCI): Electronic population-based cohort study

Author

Hughes, Kathryn, primary, Cannings-John, Rebecca, additional, Jones, Hywel, additional, Lugg-Widger, Fiona, additional, Lau, Mandy, additional, Paranjothy, Shantini, additional, Francis, Nick, additional, Hay, Alastair D, additional, Butler, Christopher C., additional, Angel, Lianna, additional, Van Der Voort, Judith, additional, and Hood, Kerenza, additional

Published
2023
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19. Determining post-operative morbidity and mortality following gynecological oncology surgery: protocol for a multicenter, international, prospective cohort study (Global Gynaecological Oncology Surgical Outcomes Collaborative—GO SOAR)

Author

Gaba, Faiza, Bizzarri, Nicolò, Kamfwa, Paul, Saiz, Allison, Blyuss, Oleg, Paranjothy, Shantini, Ramirez, Pedro T, Cibula, David, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Saad, Mahmoud, Nafea, Ahmed, Elhadi, Muhammed, Ismail, Alaa, Al-Naggar, Hamza, Cecilia, Darin Maria, Lanner, Maximilian, Pletnev, Andrei, Refky, Basel, Elkady, Abdelazez, Karkour, Tarek, Ali, Hazim Salah, Ghozy, Sherief, Daghash, Sameh, Elmelegy, Mohamed Hamed, Monier, Eman, Mohammad, Mohammad Abdel-Rahman, Ferraioli, Domenico, Nikolova, Tanja, Petousis, Stamatios, Theofanakis, Charalampos, Mishra, Jagannth, Annapurna, Vadaparty, Ifthikar, Mariam Anjum, Ghosh, Anik, Vallabhaneni, Ajay Chanakya, Kar, Bijoy, Al-khafaji, Alyaa, Al-Isawi, Ali, O’Leary, Michael, Martinelli, Fabio, Arcieri, Martina, Restaino, Stefano, Fagotti, Anna, Cola, Edoardo, Bogliolo, Stefano, Shatnawi, Qais, Zazo, Aya, Sindiani, Amer Mahmoud, Alsardieh, Wafa, Qasem, Abdulrahman, Husain, Shatha, Kamarudin, Maherah, Korch, Moniba, Lawal, Ishak, Okunowo, Adeyemi, Alkronz, Mohammed, Lago, Victor, Alsattari, Amani, Abuzaina, Khalil, Shahin, Farah, Aljuba, Ayat, Hatab, Waleed Abu, Salameh, Najib, Radi, Adnan, Casanova, João, Zalewski, Kamil, Yousif, Amel, Govorov, Igor, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Susan, Moreno, Antonio Gil, Rodriguez, Natalia, Boria, Felix, Razumova, Zoia, Alshehabi, Zuheir, Hassan, Bassam, Nawfal, Hamdi, Hamza, Amr, Aker, Seda Şahin, Taskin, Salih, Kahramanoglu, Ilker, Selcuk, Ilker, Gurumurthy, Mahalakshmi, Cairns, Mary, McPherson, Lori, Ghaem-Maghami, Sadaf, Butler, John, Ang, Christine, Sharma, Aarti, Al-Naggar, Hamza, Saif, Sara, Abualdahab, Noor, Qaderi, Shohra, Fundafunda, Swali V, Awad, Mohammed, Karout, Lina, Kassab, Mohamad B, Safar, Ali, Abdallah, Reem, Hatoum, Sana, Elmakkaoui, Said Mohamad, Itani, Rania, El Hassan, Jihad, Karout, Samar, Edine, Hussein Mansour Jamal, Atallah, David, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Mohamed, Mustafa, Tan, Chee Yang, Haidar, Hanan, Shehada, Wafaa, Abou-Taleb, Hisham Ahmed, Herdan, Mohamed O., Ali, Ali Hussien, Ahmed, Ahmed Ragab Ali, Mohamed, Omar Salah Ibrahim, Omar, Mohamed I, Zineldin, Eman Ibrahim, El-hamouly, Ahmed Sabry Fouad, Hajjaj, Baraa N., Yousef, Shukri Odeh, Shaheen, Besan, Elhossini, Akram, Obiedat, Ziena, Alsumadi, Maen, Ahmed, Bisan, Abed, Salsabeel, Husaini, Akram, Abusharkh, Subhi Maher, and Angeles, Martina Aida

Published
2021
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20. Multidisciplinary ecosystem to study lifecourse determinants and prevention of early-onset burdensome multimorbidity (MELD-B) – protocol for a research collaboration

Author

Fraser, Simon DS, primary, Stannard, Sebastian, additional, Holland, Emilia, additional, Boniface, Michael, additional, Hoyle, Rebecca B, additional, Wilkinson, Rebecca, additional, Akbari, Ashley, additional, Ashworth, Mark, additional, Berrington, Ann, additional, Chiovoloni, Roberta, additional, Enright, Jessica, additional, Francis, Nick A, additional, Giles, Gareth, additional, Gulliford, Martin, additional, Macdonald, Sara, additional, Mair, Frances S, additional, Owen, Rhiannon K, additional, Paranjothy, Shantini, additional, Parsons, Heather, additional, Sanchez-Garcia, Ruben J, additional, Shiranirad, Mozhdeh, additional, Zlatev, Zlatko, additional, and Alwan, Nisreen, additional

Published
2023
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21. A conceptual framework for characterising lifecourse determinants of multiple long-term condition multimorbidity

Author

Stannard, Sebastian, primary, Berrington, Ann, additional, Paranjothy, Shantini, additional, Owen, Rhiannon, additional, Fraser, Simon, additional, Hoyle, Rebecca, additional, Boniface, Michael, additional, Wilkinson, Becky, additional, Akbari, Ashley, additional, Batchelor, Sophia, additional, Jones, William, additional, Ashworth, Mark, additional, Welch, Jack, additional, Mair, Frances S, additional, and Alwan, Nisreen A, additional

Published
2023
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30. Caesarean section rates in England and Wales : investigating variation between maternity units

Author

Paranjothy, Shantini, Frost, Chris, and Thomas, Jane

Subjects
618.860941
Abstract

In England and Wales, the Caesarean section (CS) rate is 21.5%, ranging from 6% to 66% between maternity units. The impact of a high CS rate on women's health and NHS resources is not clear. Case-mix differences should be taken into account to enable valid comparisons and exploration of factors contributing to this variation. An understanding of these factors is important to ensure quality of obstetric care. The aim of this thesis was to explore the variation in CS rates between maternity units and evaluate the impact of (I) case-mix and (ii) women's birth preferences using National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit (NSCSA) data. Summary of NSCSA data: Phase 1 (01.05.2000 to 31.07.2000) • Information on 150,139 women giving birth in 216 maternity units in England and Wales. Variables collected include age, ethnicity, parity, number of previous CS, mode of onset of labour, gestation, presentation, mode of delivery and birth weight. Phase 2 (01.12.2000 to 31 .01 .2001) • Survey of 2,475 pregnant women from 40 selected maternity units. Variables include preferred type of birth. Case-mix data were also collected for all 32,536 women giving birth in these maternity units. The relationship between case-mix variables and CS (i) before labour and (ii) during labour was demonstrated using logistic regression. Using tese results, standardised CS rates were calculated for individual maternity units. Using meta-analytical techniques, the amount of variation in CS rates explained by case-mix adjustment was quantified. Data on preferred type of birth were available for 7% of women in Phase 2. Therefore various techniques for handling 'missing data' including multiple imputations were researched and applied to these data. Key findings: . The association between CS and case-mix variables vary for CS before labour and CS during labour. The odds of CS (before and in labour) increase with maternal age. Women from ethnic minority groups have lower odds of CS before labour, and increased odds of CS in labour. Women with a previous vaginal delivery have lower odds of CS, although the magnitude of this for CS before and in labour is markedly different. . Adjustment for case-mix explained 34% of the variance in CS rates between maternity units. • Adjustment for case-mix differences and women's birth preferences explained 45% of the variance in CS rates between maternity units in England and Wales. 3

Published
2004
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32. Study protocol: examining the impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures on pregnancy and birth outcomes in Scotland—a linked administrative data study

Author

Oberndorfer, Moritz, primary, Henery, Paul M, additional, Dundas, Ruth, additional, Leyland, Alastair H, additional, Paranjothy, Shantini, additional, Stock, Sarah Jane, additional, Wood, Rachael, additional, Nelson, Scott M, additional, Kearns, Rachel, additional, and Pearce, Anna, additional

Published
2023
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37. Additional file 7 of Inequalities in children’s mental health care: analysis of routinely collected data on prescribing and referrals to secondary care

Author

Ball, William P., Black, Corri, Gordon, Sharon, Ostrovska, Bārbala, Paranjothy, Shantini, Rasalam, Adelene, Ritchie, David, Rowlands, Helen, Rzewuska, Magdalena, Thompson, Elaine, Wilde, Katie, and Butler, Jessica E.

Abstract

Additional file 7: Table S2. Credit taxonomy for author contributions.

Published
2023
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38. Additional file 8 of Inequalities in children’s mental health care: analysis of routinely collected data on prescribing and referrals to secondary care

Author

Ball, William P., Black, Corri, Gordon, Sharon, Ostrovska, Bārbala, Paranjothy, Shantini, Rasalam, Adelene, Ritchie, David, Rowlands, Helen, Rzewuska, Magdalena, Thompson, Elaine, Wilde, Katie, and Butler, Jessica E.

Abstract

Additional file 8: Table S3. List of mental health medications by British National Formulary Section and Subsection.

Published
2023
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39. Additional file 6 of Inequalities in children’s mental health care: analysis of routinely collected data on prescribing and referrals to secondary care

Author

Ball, William P., Black, Corri, Gordon, Sharon, Ostrovska, Bārbala, Paranjothy, Shantini, Rasalam, Adelene, Ritchie, David, Rowlands, Helen, Rzewuska, Magdalena, Thompson, Elaine, Wilde, Katie, and Butler, Jessica E.

Abstract

Additional file 6: Table S1. Patient and public involvement (PPI) in this study, described using the GRIPP 2-SF checklist [45].

Published
2023
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43. Contribution of avoidable mortality to life expectancy inequalities in Wales: a decomposition by age and by cause between 2002 and 2020.

Author

Currie, Jonny, Schilling, Hayden T, Evans, Lloyd, Boyce, Tammy, Lester, Nathan, Greene, Giles, Little, Kirsty, Humphreys, Ciarán, Huws, Dyfed, Yeoman, Andrew, Lewis, Sally, and Paranjothy, Shantini

Subjects
MORTALITY prevention, CAUSES of death, RESPIRATORY diseases, SCIENTIFIC observation, CONFIDENCE intervals, LIFE expectancy, AGE distribution, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH equity, TUMORS, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Objectives To explore the contribution of avoidable mortality to life expectancy inequalities in Wales during 2002–2020. Design Observational study. Setting Wales, 2002–20, including early data from the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used routine statistics for 2002–2020 on population and deaths in Wales stratified by age, sex, deprivation quintile and cause of death. We estimated the contribution of avoidable causes of death and specific age-categories using the Arriaga decomposition method to highlight priorities for action. Results Life expectancy inequalities rose 2002–20 amongst both sexes, driven by serial decreases in life expectancy amongst the most deprived quintiles. The contributions of amenable and preventable mortality to life expectancy inequalities changed relatively little between 2002 and 2020, with larger rises in non-avoidable causes. Key avoidable mortality conditions driving the life expectancy gap in the most recent period of 2018–2020 for females were circulatory disease, cancers, respiratory disease and alcohol- and drug-related deaths, and also injuries for males. Conclusions Life expectancy inequalities widened during 2002–20, driven by deteriorating life expectancy in the most deprived quintiles. Sustained investment in prevention post-COVID-19 is needed to address growing health inequity in Wales; there remains a role for the National Health Service in ensuring equitable healthcare access to alongside wider policies that promote equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Contribution of avoidable mortality to life expectancy inequalities in Wales: a decomposition by age and by cause between 2002 and 2020

Author

Currie, Jonny, primary, Schilling, Hayden T, additional, Evans, Lloyd, additional, Boyce, Tammy, additional, Lester, Nathan, additional, Greene, Giles, additional, Little, Kirsty, additional, Humphreys, Ciarán, additional, Huws, Dyfed, additional, Yeoman, Andrew, additional, Lewis, Sally, additional, and Paranjothy, Shantini, additional

Published
2022
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