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Abstract This retrospective observational study, building on prior research that demonstrated the efficacy of the Digital Twin (DT) Precision Treatment Program over shorter follow-up periods​​, aimed to examine glycemic control and reduced anti-diabetic medication use after one-year in a DT commercial program. T2D patients enrolled had adequate hepatic and renal function and no recent cardiovascular events. DT intervention powered by artificial intelligence utilizes precision nutrition, activity, sleep, and deep breathing exercises. Outcome measures included HbA1c change, medication reduction, anthropometrics, insulin markers, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Of 1985 enrollees, 132 (6.6%) were lost to follow-up, leaving 1853 participants who completed one-year. At one-year, participants exhibited significant reductions in HbA1c [mean change: -1.8% (SD 1.7%), p

'Diaspora' is a term that has undergone transformation throughout history. In its original sense, it referred to the Jewish population residing outside of their native land in Palestine. In its current usage, it encompasses any dispersion of people or linguistic and cultural phenomena originating from a localized source. The transnational narrative of Gun Island parallels the dispersion of both human and non-human animals caused by human-induced climate change. Humans migrate for various reasons, including environmental factors and economic opportunities, while non-human animals migrate solely due to pervasive climate change in the Anthropocene. This study argues that the novel invites readers to rethink the global perspective of diaspora from a more inclusive and ecological standpoint, recognizing that nonhuman animals also exhibit some features common to human diaspora groups. Examples include displacement from original habitats, encountering challenges in new environments, and bearing cultural or ecological relevance for source regions.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Maternal hypertension has the potential to affect all the systems of the newborn, including the hematological system. Objective: To identify deviations in hematological parameters and birth outcomes in babies born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: An observational case–control study was carried out on neonates born to hypertensive mothers in Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, India. The study was done over 18-month period from January 2021 to August 2022. The cases comprised babies born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, while controls were babies of normotensive mothers. The hematological parameters measured included hemoglobin (Hb) level, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cell (WBC) count. Results: The neonates of hypertensive mothers had significantly lower levels of Hb (P = 0.02), WBC (P = 0.001), MCH (P = 0.01), and MCHC (P = 0.004). Also, platelet counts were significantly lower among neonates of hypertensive mothers (P = 0.001). They also had significantly lower birth weights than the controls (P = 0.01). Conclusion: This study pinpointed substantial changes in the hematological profile and birth outcomes of neonates born to mothers with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. These findings underscored the importance of considering these alterations when interpreting hematological values in these infants, necessitating early detection and comprehensive healthcare strategies for neonates at high risk in India. Future research should consider the long-term outcomes of these hematological parameters to elevate the understanding and guide interventions.

The usefulness of the supersonic jet is inhabitable in the Aerospace industry. However, control of the supersonic jet is important for efficient mixing and noise attenuation. Particularly, asymmetric jets are better than axisymmetric jets in rapid mixing. Considering this, the experimental investigation has been carried out for the vortex generators or tab-controlled Mach 1.6 elliptic jet. To compare the impact of the locations of the vortex generators, they are deployed at the diametrically opposite locations of the nozzle outlet along the major or longest axis and the minor or shortest axis, respectively. The investigations have been carried out using the centerline pressure distributions employing the Pitot probe and the Schlieren flow visualizations. A maximum of 66.43% reduction in supersonic length has been observed from the centerline pressure distributions for the vortex generator placed along the shortest axis. In addition, the Schlieren flow visualizations confirm substantial distortions in the shock cell structures when the vortex generators are placed along the shortest axis which results in noise mitigation. The study concluded that the impact of the vortex generator, placed along the shortest axis, is superior in the manipulation of shock cell structure, efficient mixing, and thereby noise mitigation than those placed along the longest axis.

The experiment consisted of 12 treatments (weed interference until 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after emergence (DAE), weedy until crop maturity, and weed-free until 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and a weed-free until crop maturity) and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This study indicated increased weed interference period reduced the pod yield by 6.5–36 and 0.7–32%, and haulm yield by 6.4 – 34 and 6.5 – 34% during rainy and winter season respectively. Further, reduction in total biomass production by crop due to weed interference declined the total nutrient uptake by crop, i.e. nitrogen by 7.8–52.1 and 9.6–54.5%, phosphorus by 4.8–45.4 and 6–47.5%, potassium by 6.9–43.7 and 6.3–44.4%, sulphur by 18.4–53.3 and 18.8–53.9%, during rainy and winter season respectively. However, weed-free until crop harvest increased RUE by 293% and 314%, chlorophyll content by 8.7 and 10.7%, respectively, during rainy and winter seasons. This study indicated critical duration for crop-weed interference under 5% relative yield loss (RYL) was 16 to 66 DAE in rainy and 15 to 63 DAE in winter. Similarly, at 10%, RYL were 23 to 62 and 21 to 61 DAE, respectively, during the rainy and winter seasons. As a result, farmers should keep their groundnut crop weed-free between 15 and 66 DAE during the rainy and winter seasons.

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a complex condition marked by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Traditional dietary interventions, such as low-calorie or low-carbohydrate diets, typically overlook individual variability in postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs), which can lead to suboptimal management of the disease. Recent advancements suggest that personalized nutrition, tailored to individual metabolic profiles, may enhance the effectiveness of T2D management.ObjectiveThis study aims to present the development and application of a Digital Twin (DT) technology—a machine learning (ML)-powered platform designed to predict and modulate PPGRs in T2D patients. By integrating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), dietary data, and other physiological inputs, the DT provides individualized dietary recommendations to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hyperinsulinemia, and support the remission of T2D.MethodsWe developed a sophisticated DT platform that synthesizes real-time data from CGM, dietary logs, and other biometric inputs to create personalized metabolic models for T2D patients. The intervention is delivered via a mobile application, which dynamically adjusts dietary recommendations based on predicted PPGRs. This methodology is validated through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing its impact on various metabolic markers, including HbA1c, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), blood pressure, body weight, ASCVD risk, albuminuria, and diabetic retinopathy.ResultsPreliminary data from the ongoing RCT and real-world study demonstrate the DT’s capacity to generate significant improvements in glycemic control and metabolic health. The DT-driven personalized nutrition plan has been associated with reductions in HbA1c, enhanced beta-cell function, and normalization of hyperinsulinemia, supporting sustained T2D remission. Additionally, the DT’s predictions have contributed to improvements in MAFLD markers, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting its potential as a comprehensive management tool.ConclusionThe DT technology represents a novel and scalable approach to personalized nutrition in T2D management. By addressing individual variability in PPGRs, this method offers a promising alternative to conventional dietary interventions, with the potential to improve long-term outcomes and reduce the global burden of T2D.

A 63-year-old male developed a mycotic pseudoaneurysm (MPA) two months after a renal transplant at the anastomotic site. He presented with uncontrolled hypertension and elevated creatinine. The pseudoaneurysm occurred at the anastomosis between the two donor renal arteries and the left external iliac artery. We describe a unique surgical reconstruction where the MPA was resected and the vasculature was reconstructed using deceased donor vessels. A deceased donor common iliac artery including superior gluteal and inferior gluteal branches were used as a jump graft from the contralateral common iliac artery to the two transplanted renal arteries. The external iliac artery was repaired with an interposition bypass using deceased donor iliac vein. The patient received 8 weeks of antifungal therapy after the specimen grew candida albicans. Post-operatively, the patient had an acute kidney injury requiring dialysis, but after two months of dialysis, his renal function returned to normal and he remains dialysis-free.

Abstract Background Indigenous populations across the world play a significant role in sustainable land management and conservation of biodiversity. However, indigenous agricultural practices are rarely studied in depth and remain poorly documented in many regions of the world. Documenting such practices and identifying policies and incentives that affect them can unlock their potential for better land management and biodiversity conservation. Methods We undertook household surveys and focus group discussions to document indigenous practices and the values of trees in Piper (Piper betle) agroforestry practiced by the ethnic Khasi (Pnar) community in the Indian Eastern Himalayas. We also undertook an in-depth vegetation sampling to quantify variations in phytosociology and tree diversity with stand age in Piper agroforestry and nearby native forests. In addition, we undertook strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and a desk review to identify policies, market support structures and incentives affecting cultivation of Piper, a cash crop of global importance. Results Unlike in shifting cultivation, indigenous people do not fell trees in the Piper agroforestry; instead, they allow trees to regenerate naturally and also enrich by planting tree seedlings in the gaps. Depending on the stand age, 30–49 tree species were recorded in the Piper agroforestry compared to 39 in nearby natural forests. While tree density was higher in the natural forests, greater species richness, diversity and basal area was recorded in > 25 years old Piper agroforestry stands. However, landholders do not have legally transferable or heritable rights to the land or trees. Conclusion It is concluded that the Piper agroforestry provides a pathway for averting land degradation due to shifting cultivation, biodiversity conservation and improving livelihoods of the indigenous community. Although existing policies are supportive, Piper agroforestry is not currently benefiting from incentives and market support structures. We recommend implementation of policies, market support structures, incentives and payment for ecosystem services so that indigenous communities can benefit from the global ecosystem services they provide.

Nutrition plays a key role in achieving higher crop productivity. Whereas, rainfed cropping greatly suffers due to imbalanced crop nutrition. Especially, crops like castor mostly face the utmost climatic and edaphic distress as it is predominantly cultured in poor soil of rainfed regions. Therefore, to know the performance of the rainfed castor to balanced nutrient management modules, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive Kharif seasons in 2020 and 2021. Crop responded favorably to the balanced nutrition. We observed substantial improvement in seed yield (44%), oil yield (49%), gross return (54%), and net return (133%) with the application of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 along with foliar spray of 2% water soluble complex fertilizer (WSCF) @ 40 days after sowing (DAS). + over soil application of RDF and 125 % RDF. Due to better crop response in terms of growth and yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), partial factor productivity (PFP), and agronomic efficiency (AE) were also higher with RDF + 20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 along with a foliar spray of 2% WSCF @ 40 DAS. Application of 125 % RDF showed enhanced energy consumption (11429 MJ ha−1). While RDF +20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 along with a foliar spray of 2% WSCF @ 40 DAS showed 45% and 17% higher energy output compared to the RDF and 125% RDF. Due to higher energy output, the same treatment exhibited 55 and 21 % higher net energy gain over RDF and 125% RDF, respectively. As per as the carbon (C) footprint is concerned, RDF + 20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 along with a foliar spray of 2% WSCF @ 40 DAS was observed to be slightly C expensive with 8 % higher carbon input due to higher rates of manpower and machinery utilized. However, it displayed higher C output (45%), net C gain (56%), C efficiency ratio (33%), C efficiency (37%), and C sustainability index (32%) indicating efficient C management over RDF. Overall, RDF +20 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 along with foliar spray of 2% WSCF @ 40 DAS appeared to be the productive, profitable, energy efficient, and even favorable in respect of C footprint than soil application of RDF or 125 % RDF.

Abstract The auto‐combustion technique was employed to synthesize nano particles of BxFe(3−x)O4 (x = 0.0, 0.7, 1.18, 1.36 and 1.54). The resulting structural and dielectric properties of the boron doped Fe3O4 were evaluated. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single spinel structure with crystallite dimensions ranging from 21.18 to 26.43 nm and lattice parameters of 8.211 to 8.487 Ǻ. The morphological images revealed homogenous and spherical grain sizes, while EDX confirmed the presence of constituent elements used. The X‐ray density increased whereas the bulk density and the porosity decreased with boron substitution. The study of dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σAC) was demonstrated and the AC conductivity decreased with increasing boron concentration, indicating a hopping mechanism. Moreover, noticeable variations in dielectric loss, AC conductivity, and dielectric permittivity with temperature and frequency were observed. These observations were attributed to the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and the hopping of charges between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions.

Intrinsic, expansile pontine tumors typically occur in the pediatric population. These tumors characteristically present as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), which is now considered as diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27-mutated of the pons. DIPG has limited treatment options and a poor prognosis, and the value of tissue diagnosis from an invasive biopsy remains controversial. This study presents the case of a 19-year-old female with clinical and imaging hallmarks of DIPG, who underwent a biopsy of a tumor in the region of the right middle cerebellar peduncle. Her lesional cells were negative for H3K27M alterations and had low-grade histologic features. Next-generation sequencing revealed a frameshift mutation in the NF1 gene as the likely driver mutation. These features suggest a diagnosis of a low-grade glioma associated with NF1 loss of function, with far-reaching consequences regarding both treatment strategy and prognosis. This case provides support for the utility of diagnostic tissue biopsy in cases of suspected DIPG.

In the Indian Eastern Himalayas, shifting cultivation has long been a major cause of land degradation. However, indigenous communities, like the Hmar, have successfully transitioned from shifting cultivation to agroforestry systems such as pineapple agroforestry, leading to land restoration and increased household incomes. Despite these positive outcomes, little is known about how soil health indicators change during this transition. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate changes in selected soil health indicators and erodibility across different age classes of pineapple agroforestry systems ( 15 years old) compared to shifting cultivation and nearby natural forests. Soil samples were collected from six sites, including different stages of pineapple agroforestry systems, shifting cultivation phases, and a natural forest. At each site, three (10 × 10 m) quadrats were selected, and two (1 × 1 × 1 m) vertical soil pits were dug in each quadrat, sampling soil depths from 0 to 100 cm. The transition from shifting cultivation to pineapple agroforestry improved soil organic carbon (SOC) and stratification ratios while reducing soil erodibility. SOC stocks were estimated at 182.7 Mg C/ha for natural forest land and 188.2 Mg C/ha for the cropping phase in shifting cultivation. On the other hand, estimated SOC stocks for 15 years old stands of pineapple agroforestry system were 169.7 Mg C/ha, 157.2 Mg C/ha, 168.9 Mg C/ha and 177 Mg C/ha respectively. Thus, the estimated SOC stocks under > 15 years of pineapple agroforestry were comparable with adjacent natural forest land. The stratification ratios (SR > 2) for SOC and macronutrients indicated better soil quality in the pineapple agroforestry system than in the cropped land. The clay and modified clay ratios decreased with increasing age of pineapple agroforestry stands. The highest clay ratio was recorded in the topsoil of

Water scarcity coupled with reduced nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) is challenging the sustainability of wheat production in the North-Western Plains of India. Suitable soil tillage practices, water, and nutrient management are thus essential to harvest high wheat yields on a long-term basis. Thus, a fixed-plot experiment was set and continued for three years to assess the main and interaction effects of tillage, irrigation, and fertilizers on water-use efficiency (WUE) and wheat yield. Zero-till flat bed (ZTFB) and conventional till-raised bed (CTRB) condensed the irrigation water requirement by 1163–1218 m3 ha−1 and 698–762 m3 ha−1, respectively, compared to conventional till-flat bed (CTFB) without affecting wheat yields during 2016–2019. Apart from the saving in irrigation water, CTRB enhanced grain turn over by 8.12–31.5%, biomass by 3.47–34.1%, WUE by 27.0–30.9% and irrigation water productivity (IWP) by 55.2–57.5% over CTFB. Likewise, CTRB recorded a 4.4–10.1% greater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception over CTFB and ZTFB during the study years. ZTFB had the highest moisture level (11.2%–22.5%) for 0–0.3 m soil layer. Applying irrigation at 25% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) and 100% recommended rates of nutrients (RRN) resulted in significantly greater grain and biomass yields and WUE over the lower levels of irrigation and nutrients during 2016–2019. Further, the treatment combination of CTRB or ZTFB + 25% DASM +100% RRN was more productive, registering significant enhancements in grain and biomass yields, and WUE compared to CTFB with all other fertilizer and irrigation levels. The study concludes that 25% DASM with 100% RRN application under CTRB and ZTFB in wheat are synergic to attain higher crop and water productivity against individual application of these agronomic variables.

Aim: Present research was done to assess stress distribution in three different taper design preparation of root canal with the help of finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: Lower incisors teeth having single canals that were cleaned and shaped with the help of NeoEndo Flex Titanium (NiTi) rotary file and later three designs were created such as 4%, 6%, and 8% canal preparation taper. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was done for all teeth and subjected to finite element analysis for stresses. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Highest stress was found in the coronal followed by the middle and least in the apical part in all three designs. The highest stress value was found in enamel than dentin (MPa). The highest stress value was found with design 3 (8% taper) followed by designs 2 (6% taper) and 1 (4% taper) for enamel and dentin with either oblique or vertical stress loading. Conclusion: All canals preparation exhibited maximum enamel stress at the coronal load points compared to apical and middle portions. The stress increases with increase in canal tapering.

Corona has severely impacted many sectors in the past 2. 5 years, and forests are one of the major hits among all sectors affected by the pandemic. This study presents the consolidated data on deforestation patterns across the globe during COVID and also analyzes in depth the region-specific contributing factors. Exacerbated deforestation during COVID alarms biodiversity conservation concerns and pushes back the long-term efforts to combat pollution and climate change mitigation. Deforestation also increases the risk of the emergence of new zoonotic diseases in future, as deforestation and COVID are intricately related to each other. Therefore, there is a need to check deforestation and inculcation of conservation measures in building back better policies adopted post-COVID. This review is novel in specifically providing insight into the implications of COVID-19 on forests in tropical as well as temperate global regions, causal factors, green policies given by different nations, and recommendations that will help in designing nature-based recovery strategies for combating deforestation and augmenting afforestation, thus providing better livelihood, biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and better environmental quality.

Abstract Renewable sources like biofuels have gained significant attention to meet the rising demands of energy supply. Biofuels find useful in several domains of energy generation such as electricity, power, or transportation. Due to the environmental benefits of biofuel, it has gained significant attention in the automotive fuel market. Since the handiness of biofuels become essential, effective models are required to handle and predict the biofuel production in realtime. Deep learning techniques have become a significant technique to model and optimize bioprocesses. In this view, this study designs a new optimal Elman Recurrent Neural Network (OERNN) based prediction model for biofuel prediction, called OERNN-BPP. The OERNN-BPP technique pre-processes the raw data by the use of empirical mode decomposition and fine to coarse reconstruction model. In addition, ERNN model is applied to predict the productivity of biofuel. In order to improve the predictive performance of the ERNN model, a hyperparameter optimization process takes place using political optimizer (PO). The PO is used to optimally select the hyper parameters of the ERNN such as learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay. On the benchmark dataset, a sizable number of simulations are run, and the outcomes are examined from several angles. The simulation results demonstrated the suggested model's advantage over more current methods for estimating the output of biofuels.