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Nouveau Monde Graphite (NMG), Saint-Michel-des-Saints, Québec/Canada, has put forward innovative design criteria related to its carbon-neutral vision, the reduction of its environmental footprint and the integration of reclamation to develop the Matawinie mining project, a world-class graphite deposit, which fits into its host environment. With graphite playing an important role in the electrification of transportation thanks to lithium-ion batteries, NMG plans to deploy an all-electric fleet for its mining operations - a first for an open-pit project. All equipment normally running on natural gas or diesel will be powered by batteries or electricity. Design at the mining engineering level requires the participation of several partners and the adaptation of traditional models. NMG's other innovative approach is the management of filtered and desulphurised mine tailings without a dam through co-disposal in a stockpile and in the pit. This model integrates mine reclamation into the fundamental and initial design criteria. The sulphurised tailings will be put in cells constructed from the waste rock. The desulphurised tailings will then be used to encapsulate the waste rock to minimise risks associated with the generation of acid mine drainage. (Authors.), Nouveau Monde Graphite (NMG), Saint-Michel-des-Saints, Québec/Canada, has put forward innovative design criteria related to its carbon-neutral vision, the reduction of its environmental footprint and the integration of reclamation to develop the Matawinie mining project, a world-class graphite deposit, which fits into its host environment. With graphite playing an important role in the electrification of transportation thanks to lithium-ion batteries, NMG plans to deploy an all-electric fleet for its mining operations - a first for an open-pit project. All equipment normally running on natural gas or diesel will be powered by batteries or electricity. Design at the mining engineering level requires the participation of several partners and the adaptation of traditional models. NMG's other innovative approach is the management of filtered and desulphurised mine tailings without a dam through co-disposal in a stockpile and in the pit. This model integrates mine reclamation into the fundamental and initial design criteria. The sulphurised tailings will be put in cells constructed from the waste rock. The desulphurised tailings will then be used to encapsulate the waste rock to minimise risks associated with the generation of acid mine drainage. (Authors.)

Item does not contain fulltext, This chapter reviews studies that investigated the functional and neuroanatomical representations of first language (L1) and second language (L2) during single-word production in healthy bilingual speakers. It emphasizes three related aspects: are the languages of bilinguals underpinned by common or distinct brain regions during production?; what are the neurophysiological signatures of timing aspects of bilingual word production?; and to what extent are potential dissociations modulated by moderating factors such as age of acquisition, proficiency, and immersion of the L2? Findings from positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided ample evidence that word production in L1 and L2 is largely subserved by the same neural structures both in single- and mixed-language contexts. The chapter provides an overview of how age of acquisition, proficiency, and immersion may modulate bilingual word production in behavioural, electrophysiological, and hemodynamic measures.

Humour has been deemed a special language competency, or more extremely, humour has been seen as a form of mastery over a given language, as well as the culture, norms, and themes associated with the people speaking this language. This chapter provides an overview of fundamental issues concerning humour and a review of the state of the art literature from an interdisciplinary perspective. It focuses on issues of the humour and language, as well as the translation of humour from one language to another. The chapter elaborates on the processing of humour in the brain, presents a review on the currently existing studies, and briefly elaborates on humour and language learning. It differentiates between humour processing as a cognitive task, amusement as the emotional response to humour, and the motor/behavioural reactions (smiling or laughter). The chapter presents a conclusion on the reviewed studies and offers hypotheses on humour and the multilingual brain.