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Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis is one of the primary infectious diseases affecting cattle. Although several countries have managed to eradicate this zoonosis it remains endemic and uncontrolled across many countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Brazil launched its national control and eradication program in 2001, and since then, epidemiological studies have been carried out to define optimal control strategies and to enable the management of the process in each region. Methods: This study covered the state of Pará, which was divided into three regions, in each of which a pre-established number of properties were randomly selected, and within each property, a minimum number of animals were drawn to be tested by the tuberculin test to classify the farm as infected or free of the disease. A questionnaire was administered to the selected properties to identify the risk factors for the disease. Results: A total of 976 properties comprising 17,151 animals were tested. The prevalence of infected properties in the regions ranged from 3.1% [1.3; 4.9] to 18.6% [14.3; 22.9], while tuberculin-positive animals ranged from 0.24% [0.09; 0.40] to 4.8% [2.4; 7.3]. The introduction of cattle untested for bTB and the renting of pastures have been identified as risk factors for the disease in this state. Discussion: Pará has one of the highest prevalences of bovine tuberculosis in Brazil, and the implications of these results for public health were discussed. We therefore proposed that the state's Official Veterinary Service, together with the private dairy and meat sectors, pursue the objective of controlling or eradicating the disease, along with mechanisms to verify its effectiveness. The differences between the two objectives were discussed, but in both cases, an education program is necessary to inform cattle and buffalo breeders that they need to test animals for tuberculosis before introducing them to their farms, and also to avoid renting pastures for cattle to graze and rest while moving on foot, as these practices have contributed the most to the spread of bTB in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of technology, almost all countries have started to evaluate policies for switching to non-physical currency, especially digital money. As a matter of fact, the application of non-physical (digital) money has been taken further and started to be implemented as a pilot by China, Sweden, Thailand, Ukraine, Uruguay and South Korea. In the age we live in, it seems inevitable that money will sooner or later turn into a non-physical form. In this context, the effect of non-physical money on individuals' spending tendency in the short term reveals its importance. Thus, the study provides insight for policy makers in case a non-physical money application such as digital money is adopted in the future. In this context, the effect of non-physical money on spending behavior was analyzed from a behavioral economic perspective with an experimental study specific to the endowment effect. The experiment applied in the study was carried out entirely on a voluntary basis. Care was taken to protect privacy during the application. All instructions to the participants were communicated clearly and understandably. Participants were made comfortable during the experiment. In addition, it was made possible to establish the internal and external validity required in the experimental study. Any manipulation of participants was prevented. In this context, data were collected in the study by observing the tendency to spend physical money and non-physical money given to a group of 26 subjects. Afterwards, the analysis was carried out by comparing the spending tendencies of both groups. As a result of the study, it was determined that the group with physical money tended to spend less due to the ownership effect compared to the group without physical money. In parallel with the ownership effect, it has been evaluated that the reason why the group with physical money tends to spend it late may be due to the pain of paying money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world progresses into the critical Year 2030, the magic Year for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals, doubts about the certainty of success are high. Amid COVID-19, the climate crisis, the Russia-Ukraine war, among many other wars, and the high cost of living pushing most of the people into poverty and hardship, it is time to reconsider what is being done to make the world a better place for most of the people. In doing this, this paper attempts to interrogate the influence of money in the consistent world economic crises. It argues that the 'inevitability of money', attendant on changing technology, pervading the World Capitalist System needs to be reoriented to homos sociologicus. In a way, it recommends the need to 'humanise' money and technology, such that humans construct it socially instead of vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O pastor metodista Justus Nelson ganhou grande destaque no Pará ao divulgar suas ideias e, consequentemente, polemizar com a Igreja Católica por meio dos jornais O Liberal do Pará, Diario de Noticias e A Republica. No intuito de cruzar os discursos dos jornais oitocentistas com as estruturas sociais vigentes, evidenciando o envolvimento entre sujeito e seu contexto por meio dos significados construídos, fiz uso dos pressupostos teóricos de Gramsci, aliado às fontes documentais, principalmente os periódicos do final do século XIX, juntamente com a bibliografia referente ao tema proposto. Com isso, minha intenção foi mostrar como a presença protestante, a partir dos discursos de Justus Nelson, foi notável em solo amazônico, abordando suas convicções religiosas e seus embates com a realidade político-jurídica da década de 1880.

IntroductionBovine tuberculosis is one of the primary infectious diseases affecting cattle. Although several countries have managed to eradicate this zoonosis it remains endemic and uncontrolled across many countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Brazil launched its national control and eradication program in 2001, and since then, epidemiological studies have been carried out to define optimal control strategies and to enable the management of the process in each region.MethodsThis study covered the state of Pará, which was divided into three regions, in each of which a pre-established number of properties were randomly selected, and within each property, a minimum number of animals were drawn to be tested by the tuberculin test to classify the farm as infected or free of the disease. A questionnaire was administered to the selected properties to identify the risk factors for the disease.ResultsA total of 976 properties comprising 17,151 animals were tested. The prevalence of infected properties in the regions ranged from 3.1% [1.3; 4.9] to 18.6% [14.3; 22.9], while tuberculin-positive animals ranged from 0.24% [0.09; 0.40] to 4.8% [2.4; 7.3]. The introduction of cattle untested for bTB and the renting of pastures have been identified as risk factors for the disease in this state.DiscussionPará has one of the highest prevalences of bovine tuberculosis in Brazil, and the implications of these results for public health were discussed. We therefore proposed that the state’s Official Veterinary Service, together with the private dairy and meat sectors, pursue the objective of controlling or eradicating the disease, along with mechanisms to verify its effectiveness. The differences between the two objectives were discussed, but in both cases, an education program is necessary to inform cattle and buffalo breeders that they need to test animals for tuberculosis before introducing them to their farms, and also to avoid renting pastures for cattle to graze and rest while moving on foot, as these practices have contributed the most to the spread of bTB in the state.

Two new species of Bromelia L. (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae) endemic to the Amazon are described, increasing to 16 the number of species recorded from the Brazilian part of the biome. Bromelia longipedicelata is characterized by a lax inflorescence emerging from the leaf rosette, primary bracts ovate with entire margins, floral bracts linear‐lanceolate, shorter than the pedicel, flower 5.8–8 cm long, sepals elliptic and rounded, and petals ca. 60 mm long. Bromelia stellata has a floccose leaf sheath, inflorescence embedded in the leaf rosette, floral bract linear and completely tomentose, sepal linear‐elliptic, asymmetric, lepidote to pannose, and apex acute‐attenuate. Detailed descriptions, comparisons with similar species, illustrations, and comments on their etymologies, distributions, habitats, conservation status, and morphology are provided. An identification key to the Bromelia species of the Brazilian Amazonia is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fair and inclusive competition depends on a scoring system that takes all relevant factors into account. We analysed the current World Para Point System for swimming and identified several theoretical and practical disadvantages. We propose and test a Fair World Para Point System that not only improves the algorithm, but also extends it to accommodate for the age of the athlete. It also provides a method to break point ties. This will enable para masters swimmers for the first time to compete fairly with each other. We also develop and publish tools that enable event organisers to directly use the Fair World Para Point System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the theoretical possibilities created by reading together the works of two important representatives of classical sociology, Marx and Simmel, Capital and Philosophy of Money. Although the directions of both works lead in different directions, they contain a lot of common ground on which we can compare both methodologically and theoretically. In terms of Simmel's methodology, the phenomena of social life, that is, forms of interaction, are evaluated as truths in themselves. In his methodology, although Marx analyzes the truth of phenomena in themselves, he focuses on the content of these phenomena and the relations between this content and form. This methodological distinction also determined the theoretical distinction routes of thinkers towards the concept of value. For Simmel, value emerges in the relationship between the subject and the object to which his desire is directed. For Marx, although value carries the contextual influence of some social-historical and even spiritual elements, it ultimately represents an objective content that points to human labor. It offers the opportunity to make a relational value analysis with labor-value and surplus-value theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Accidents involving venomous animals are a significant public health issue in Brazil, with about 140,000 cases reported annually. Pará, with its vast forests and biodiversity, experiences high incidences exacerbated by human-environment interactions. This study analyzes the temporal trend and epidemiological profile of such accidents in Pará from 2018 to 2022. A cross-sectional study using SINAN data, employing Prais-Winsten linear regression to evaluate temporal trends. Incidences were stratified by sex, age group, and accident location (rural, agricultural, work, residential, leisure). From 2018 to 2022, accidents in rural areas, particularly agricultural, increased notably, with a 40% rise overall. Males aged 20-39 years were most affected. March consistently recorded the highest cases, indicating a seasonal peak. Accidents involving venomous animals in Pará are increasing, particularly in areas of agricultural expansion. This trend highlights the need for intensified prevention efforts, public education, and effective treatment strategies, integrating public health measures and environmental management.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Stroke is a significant cause of death worldwide. Temporal studies show a downward trend in mortality rates in recent decades, with variability between countries. The State of Pará, in northern Brazil, has a low human development index and high mortality from stroke; however, little research is reported. Objective: This study aims to analyze the trend in stroke mortality in the adult population of Pará, between 2000 and 2021. Method: This is an ecological, time series study based on official secondary population data. Joinpoint regression models were used to identify the trend of each coefficient segment of the mortality rate and years of potential life lost. Results: There were 49,259 deaths in this period, with an absolute increase in fatalities during the time series and an increase in the age group. The mortality coefficient showed a stationary mortality trend of 0.4% between 2000 and 2021 (p=0.576); however, after 2008, the trend decreased -1.0% (p=0.003). In the stratified analysis, a decreasing mortality trend was detected: -2.3% between 30 and 39 years old (p<0.001), -2.8% between 40 and 49 years old (p<0.001), -2.1% between 50 and 59 years old (p<0.001) and -1.4% between 60 and 69 years old (p<0.001), between the year 2000 and 2021. In the other age groups, the trend decreased -2.5% between 20 and 29 years old after 2006 (p= 0.003), -1.8% between 70 and 79 years old after 2008 (p=0.001), and -5.1% among 80 years old and over after 2016 (p=0.010). Conclusion: The mortality trend attributed to stroke among adults in Pará State remained stable from 2000 to 2021. Despite this stability, the absolute number of deaths remained consistently high, underscoring the critical need to mitigate risk factors and enhance the care and management of affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satın alma gücündeki azalmayı ifade eden enflasyon, küresel ekonominin öne çıkan problemlerinden biridir. Bu müşkül, paraya dair tüm sözleşmeleri etkilemektedir. Öte yandan, İslâm hukukunun faiz yasağı konusundaki tutumu da yapılan akitlerle yakından ilişkilidir. Nitekim kâğıt parayla yapılan sözleşmelerde akit gerçekleşip borç ödenmeden önce, parada bir değer kaybı söz konusu olduğunda borcun nasıl ödeneceği tartışmalı hale gelmektedir. Mesela kimi İslâm hukukçuları, Hanefî mezhebinin kurucu önderlerinden Ebû Yûsuf’un (ö. 182/798) alışverişlerde bozuk para olarak kullanılan felsin değer değişimine ilişkin fetvasını kaynak göstererek kâğıt paradaki değer dalgalanmalarında, sözleşmenin yapıldığı tarihteki değer üzerinden ödeme yapılması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Öte yandan diğer bazıları ise Ebû Yûsuf’un görüşünün kâğıt paraları içermediğini iddia etmektedir. Ebû Yûsuf’un felse ilişkin yaklaşımının kâğıt parayı kapsadığını savunanların temel argümanı, kâğıt paranın felsler gibi itibari bir değere sahip olduğudur. Bu, felste dikkate alınan değer kaybının kâğıt parada da dikkate alınacağı anlamına gelir. Meseleye ilişkin diğer bir argüman ise alışverişlerde bozuk para olarak kullanılan felste dikkate alınan değer değişiminin günümüzde asli para birimi olarak kullanılan kâğıt parada evleviyetle itibara alınacağıdır. Öte yandan, bu yaklaşımı kabul etmeyenler, felsin semen olması nedeniyle kıyemî olarak değerlendirilemeyeceğini ve Ebû Yûsuf’un ilgili görüşünün yalnızca alışverişlerde bozuk para olarak kullanılan felsle sınırlı olduğunu savunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, andığımız bu iki yaklaşımı, sosyal bilimler nitel araştırma yöntemine başvurarak ele alacağız. Konunun analizi sırasında, güncel literatürde öne çıkan görüş ve tutumları kapsamlı bir biçimde ortaya koyup değerlendireceğiz. Ardından Ebû Yûsuf’un görüşünü borcun sebebi ve konusu bakımından irdeleyeceğiz. Böylelikle ilgili görüşün tarihsel veriler ışığında Hanefî mezhebi literatüründeki durumunu belirginleştirmiş olacağız. Ayrıca bu yaklaşımın günümüz kâğıt parası için geçerli olup olmadığı meselesine ışık tutacağız. Eldeki veriler ışığında, Ebû Yûsuf’un felsle ilgili görüşünün kâğıt parayı kapsamayacağını iddia edenlerin argümanlarının sorunlu olduğunu gözlemlendi. Çünkü ikinci görüşü benimseyenlerin gerekçelerinden biri, felsin alışverişlerde dirhemlerin küsuratını tamamlayan bozuk para olmasından dolayı günümüz kâğıt parasıyla bir tutulamayacağıdır. Örneğin ünlü Mısırlı tarihçilerden Makrîzî’nin (ö. 845/1442) bildirdiğine göre, felsler yalnızca bozuk para olarak değil aynı zamanda asli para birimi olarak da kullanılmıştır. Bu nedenle, asli para birimi olarak işlev gören felslerin değerinde gerçekleşen dalgalanmaların Ebû Yûsuf’un görüşü çerçevesinde ele alınması gerekir. Ayrıca bazı Hanefî fakihlerin Ebû Yûsuf’un görüşüne eklemeler yaptığı görülür. Söz gelimi, son dönem Hanefî mezhebinin önde gelen simalarından İbn Âbidîn (ö. 1307/1889) meseleye dair kaleme aldığı müstakil risalesinde, katkı maddesi fazla olan dirhemleri (mağlubü’l-gış/مغلوب الغش) fels kategorisinde değerlendirmiştir. Bu da Ebû Yûsuf’un yaklaşımının günümüz kâğıt parası için geçerliliğini destekler niteliktedir. Dolayısıyla, çalışmamız boyunca Ebû Yûsuf’un felslere ilişkin görüşünün günümüz kâğıt parası için de geçerli olduğu kanaatinin temel bir bulgu olarak öne çıktığını söyleyebiliriz. Çünkü Ebû Yûsuf, -İbn Âbidîn’in de belirttiği gibi- felslerin para olarak üretilmediğini, bu nedenle de itibari bir değeri haiz olduğunu iddia eder. Buradan hareketle kâğıt parada görülen değer dalgalanmasına dair Ebû Yûsuf’un görüşünü referans aldığımızda akit günündeki değer üzerinden ödeme yapılması gerektiğini savunanların daha isabetli bir tutum sergilediği anlaşılmaktadır.

ABSTRACT In the context of a forest restoration program in a mining area in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, the objective of this study was to identify the species of trees of abiu-seringarana (Ecclinusa sp.) in forest remnants adjacent to the mine. As the identification of Ecclinusa based on external morphology alone is difficult, it was corroborated by molecular analysis. Leaf samples of three trees were compared with Ecclinusa in the Embrapa herbarium collection. DNA was extracted with a CTAB modified protocol for sequencing with ITS markers. Both the morphological identification and the alignment of the obtained sequences with material in GenBank indicated that the individuals belong to Ecclinusa guianensis, which is confirmed as the species occurring in the mining area.

Over the years, the Araguaia River has represented multiple functions and symbolism for those who lived / live in Conceição do Araguaia / PA. Indigenous groups, backwoodsmen, extractivists, missionaries, explorers, among other subjects, were part of the social-cultural transformations in the town and on the Araguaia River. Over the years, the various local events have enabled the construction of multiple identity relationships between people and this natural element, leading us to think of the Araguaia as asymbolic space. In view of this, the work aims to understand the identity relationship of the city dwellers with the river, and thus, if there is a possibility of perceiving it as a geosymbol. For this, it is established as methodological procedure the exploratory research and bibliographic and documentary survey relevant to the theme. This study starts from the idea that certain places are perceived as symbolic, for this reason, they reinforce the territorial identity of the group, such places are called by Bonnemaison (2002) as "geosymbol". Thus, we seek to highlight the importance of the river in the lives of city dwellers from multiple perspectives and in different contexts. In short, there are diverse subjects and, consequently, many are the identity relationships built with this natural element. Therefore, these identities are sometimes inherited, but are certainly in constant transformation in the face of social and spatial processes in each generation. Thus, even if different identities (and therefore different territorialities) are constructed, and even if the Araguaia is perceived in different ways, each of these subjects who experienced Conceição do Araguaia can perceive the river as a geosymbol.

ABSTRACT This study presents a new orchid species of the genus Catasetum belonging to the group of species with symmetrical and parallel antennae. It was found in terra-firme and floodplain forests in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará. We provide a formal description of the new species, images, and notes on distribution, habitat, phenology, flower visitors and preliminary conservation status. We compare it with C. cristatum and C. barbatum, both sympatric and morphologically most similar to the new species. It was preliminarily classified in the Endangered (EN) category according to IUCN criteria based on the extent of occurrence, area of occupation, number of occurrence locations and the risks that the known populations are exposed to (deforestation and predatory collection).

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inflation, which refers to the decrease in purchasing power, is one of the prominent problems of the global economy. This problem affects all contracts related to money. On the other hand, Islamic law's approach towards the prohibition of interest is closely associated with the contracts. Indeed, in contracts made with paper money, the legal status of the contract becomes controversial when there is a depreciation in the value of the money before the contract is fulfilled and the debt is paid. For example, some jurists, citing the fatwa of Abu Yūsuf (d. 182/798), one of the founding leaders of the Hanafi school, on the change in the value of fels used as coins in transactions, argue that in case of fluctuations in the value of paper money, payment should be made according to the value at the date of the contract. Meanwhile, others argue that Abu Yusuf's opinion does not extend to paper money. In this study, I will analyze these two approaches by applying the qualitative research method in social sciences. As part of the analysis of the subject, I will comprehensively present and evaluate the views and approaches that appear in the contemporary literature. Then, I will discuss Abu Yusuf's view regarding the cause and subject matter of the debt. Thus, I will highlight the position of this view in the Hanafi madhhab literature based on historical data. I will also show whether this approach is valid for today's paper money. The main argument of those who claim that Abu Yusuf's approach to fels includes paper money is that paper money, like fels, has a nominal value. This means that the depreciation that is taken into account in fels is also taken into account in paper money. Another argument is that the change in value that is taken into account in fels, which is used as coins in transactions, will be taken into account in paper money, which is used as the main currency today. On the other hand, those who do not accept this approach argue that fels cannot be considered qiyamī because it is semen, and Abu Yusuf's opinion is limited to fels used as coins in transactions. According to the available data, I consider the arguments of those who claim that Abu Yūsuf's opinion on fels does not extend to paper money as problematic. Because one of the reasons given by those who hold the latter view is that fels cannot be equated with today's paper money since it was a type of coin that completed the fractions of dirhams in transactions. For example, according to the well-known Egyptian historian al-Maqrizī (d. 845/1442), fels were used not only as coins but also as the main currency. Therefore, the fluctuations in the value of fels, which functioned as the main currency, should be evaluated within the framework of Abu Yūsuf’s view. In addition, some Hanafi jurists expanded upon Abu Yūsuf’s view. For example, Ibn Ābidīn (d. 1307/1889), one of the leading figures of the late Hanafi school, in his treatise on the issue, evaluated the debased dirhams (maghlūb al-ghāsh/ مغلوب الغش (in the category of fels. This shows that Abu Yūsuf's approach is also applicable to today’s paper money. Therefore, we can say that Abu Yūsuf’s view on fels is also applicable to today's paper money. This is because Abu Yūsuf, as stated by Ibn Ābidīn, claims that fels is not produced as money and therefore has a nominal value. As a result, according to Abu Yūsuf's opinion regarding the fluctuation in the value of paper money, it is understood that those who claim that payment should be carried out based on the value on the day of the contract have a more accurate attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the historical process, a number of exchange tools from coins such as gold, silver, and copper to banknotes and even digital money, which has recently been brought to the economy, have been developed. Although the invention of money facilitated commercial life, it also caused certain economic problems due to the loss of purchasing power. The disruption of the balance between the nominal value of money and its actual value has raised the question of how to be protected from the negative effects of inflation in many areas of economic life, from sales and service contracts to pecuniary debts. One of the solutions related to this issue, which directly affects the lives of all people, is indexing. It is accepted that the idea of indexing, which can be defined as the adaptation of the nominal value of money to its actual value through some scales, was put forward by Western classical economists in the 17th and 18th centuries and developed by neoclassical economists. The practice aims to relieve the financial burden of inflation, eliminate income distribution injustice and uncertainties, protect savings, and equalize the present value of money with its future actual value. Although it has many types, wage indexing and financial capital indexing are the most well-known ones. Although economic historians claim that the practice of indexing emerged both theoretically and practically in the West, it is possible to see similar practices in the Islamic world from the period of the Prophet. For instance, the Prophet used camel prices as an index in the determination of blood money. In the following periods, the devaluation of money and its solutions were discussed in many areas such as labor wages, looting, and dowry. In this context, Islam scholars such as Celalettin Süyütî, Kınalızâde Müslim b. Emrullah and Timurtaşi approached the change in the value of money as independent. Today, money and inflation become the current issue of many scientific meetings, especially the Islamic fiqh academy. In the study, the opinions of early and classical fiqh instructors about indexing practice, the interpretations of contemporary Islamic jurists, and the evaluations of modern economists were analyzed comparatively under the headings of interest, justice, and uncertainty (gharar). In this context, some Islamic jurists considered the surplus arising from the indexing of money debts as interest, while some accepted it as compensation for the depreciation of money. While some scholars consider it necessary to compensate for the loss of the creditor due to the depreciation of money through indexing in order to ensure justice, others consider it unfair to put the entire burden on the debtor in terms of the cost of the depreciation of money. Indexing has also been criticized for containing ignorance and uncertainty due to the fact that both the creditor and the debtor do not know how much to pay until the discharge of the debt. In the article, the practice of indexing was discussed not only according to the Islamic law but also the modern economics. In this context, it has been determined that indexing is not an economic solution but supports existing problems and even produces new problems due to reasons such as not ensuring price stability, not creating an index in accordance with equity, making it difficult to fight inflation, and preventing capital owners from investing. In the study, in addition to the indexing of money debts to inflation, the subject of indexing to foreign currency and gold was also discussed. In this context, it has been stated that indexing the debt to foreign currency means the loss of the economic freedom of the country, and it was considered as ribe'n- nesîe (sale on credit interest) because it is a forward expenditure contract. It has also been observed that the indexing of debt to gold is a negative approach due to reasons such as the increase or decrease in its value like other goods, the fact that it does not compensate for the loss in value caused by inflation, and it is not always appropriate for every debt. In the article, it was determined that while Islamic jurists agreed on the indexation of salaries and wages, they disagreed on the indexation of money debts arising from loan and sales contracts. In this context, it was concluded that the indexation of money debts was not a fair solution and should be approached with caution, since the doubt about interest could not be eliminated, it caused injustice, contained uncertainties and was criticized by economists, and it was recommended that it was essential to develop a new system in which existing problems were eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as transformações no meio rural brasileiro decorrentes das dinâmicas da expansão do agronegócio do dendê, na mesorregião Nordeste, no estado do Pará. Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos este trabalho é uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica baseada em estudos e dados secundários. Por fim, os resultados preliminares indicam que a expansão dos plantios de dendê na região representou um avanço do agronegócio com crescente concentração de terra sob controle dos setores empresariais do óleo de palma com vistas a produção de biocombustíveis e de alimentos. A inclusão de agricultores familiares no sistema de plantio do dendê, facilitou a apropriação de terras por parte dos setores ligados a produção de palma.

In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) created the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food (PARA) in 2001 with the purpose of evaluating pesticide residue levels reaching the consumer’s table. Currently, all Brazilian states participate in this program, except for Paraná, which established its own program in 2011 and ceased to participate in ANVISA’s analyses in 2016. In this context, this article aimed to analyze the results of pesticide residue monitoring in food in the state of Paraná and discuss the advances and limitations within the state program. The methodology relied on exploratory documentary research, analyzing reports from the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food coordinated by ANVISA and the State Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food (PARA/PR), made available on the website of the Paraná State Health Department (SESA/PR). Additionally, bulletins and reports from the Surveillance and Health Care Plan for Populations Exposed to Pesticides in the State of Paraná (PEVASPEA) were also examined. It was identified that, on average, 60% of food samples analyzed in Paraná between 2001-2019 contained some level of pesticide contamination. The most frequently detected irregularities were found in samples of bell peppers, strawberries, cucumbers, and grapes. There are indications of multiple exposures, as some foods, such as strawberries, presented an average detection of up to eight different active ingredients per sample. The mos detected pesticides belong to the dithiocarbamate group, as well as carbendazim, imidacloprid, and tebuconazole. Thus, this study intends to raise awareness about the essential need to consider and demand less harmful methods for the environment and human health in food production, while promoting strategies for proper nutrition

A análise de mudanças morfológicas em ambientes dinâmicos desempenha um papel crucial na compreensão da evolução deles. Um exemplo pode ser encontrado na Ilha de Algodoal/Maiandeua, litoral amazônico. Ela abriga diversos ecossistemas sujeitos a rápidas alterações morfossedimentares devido aos fluxos fluviais e marítimos da Bacia Amazônica, principalmente em sua linha de costa, que está sujeita a processos erosivos e deposicionais de sedimentos. Além disso, a ilha apresenta expansão da ocupação humana devido ao seu potencial turístico. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como a linha de costa evoluiu ao longo de 35 anos em sete áreas da ilha. Para esta análise foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat capturadas em 1988, 2002, 2016 e 2023, processadas através do software ArcGIS 10.5 e da extensão Digital Shoreline Analysis System v5.1. Os resultados indicaram que a ilha apresenta diferentes processos costeiros. No setor oeste, a ilha se mantém estável, sem processos erosivos. No setor norte, a linha costeira está em processo de acreção, embora também apresente algumas áreas erosivas. Nos setores leste e sudeste, a ilha exibe comportamento tanto acrecional quanto erosivo. Em geral, observou-se que taxas de acreção e estabilidade costeira foram mais frequentes, sugerindo um impacto reduzido da erosão costeira. A ocupação humana ao longo da linha costeira da ilha é limitada, o que também contribui para a diminuição do risco de erosão. No entanto, a ilha é bastante influenciada por fenômenos oceanográficos, especialmente correntes litorâneas e marés, o que a torna vulnerável a possíveis impactos negativos no futuro

ABSTRACT Bacterial chromosome segregation is facilitated by the ParABS system. The ParB protein binds centromere-like parS sequences and forms nucleoprotein complexes. These nucleoprotein complexes are segregated by the dynamic ATPase ParA. In mycobacteria, ParA also interacts with the polar growth determinant DivIVA (Wag31). This interaction was earlier shown not only to facilitate the segregation of ParB complexes but also to affect cell extension. Here, we identify an additional partner of ParA in Mycobacterium smegmatis, named PapM. Using E. coli-based analysis, we show that PapM likewise interacts with DivIVA and that the tripartite interaction of ParA-PapM-DivIVA is phosphorylation dependent: ParA binding to DivIVA is diminished, while PapM binding is promoted upon phosphorylation of DivIVA. The presence of PapM enhances the dissociation of ParA from the DivIVA complex upon its phosphorylation. Studies of M. smegmatis mutant strains reveal that altered PapM levels influence chromosome segregation and cell length. The elimination of PapM affects ParA dynamics. Furthermore, ParA and, to a lesser extent, PapM modulate the subcellular distribution of DivIVA. Altogether, our studies show that the tripartite interplay between ParA-DivIVA and PapM controls the switch between cell division and cell elongation and, in this way, affects the mycobacterial cell cycle. IMPORTANCE The genus of Mycobacterium includes important clinical pathogens (M. tuberculosis). Bacteria of this genus share the unusual features of their cell cycle such as asymmetric polar cell elongation and long generation time. Markedly, control of the mycobacterial cell cycle still remains not fully understood. The main cell growth determinant in mycobacteria is the essential protein DivIVA, which is also involved in cell division. DivIVA activity is controlled by phosphorylation, but the mechanism and significance of this process are unknown. Here, we show how the previously established protein interaction partner of DivIVA in mycobacteria, the segregation protein ParA, affects the DivIVA subcellular distribution. We also demonstrate the role of a newly identified M. smegmatis DivIVA and ParA interaction partner, a protein named PapM, and we establish how their interactions are modulated by phosphorylation. Demonstrating that the tripartite interplay affects the mycobacterial cell cycle contributes to the general understanding of mycobacterial growth regulation.

A disciplina denominada História Natural foi adotada, pela primeira vez, em uma escola para formação de professores do Pará, em 1873, pelo Curso Normal. Esse acontecimento é significativo para o nosso objetivo que é contribuir para compreender as condições que possibilitaram a inserção inicial da História Natural nas escolas para a formação de professores do Pará. A presente pesquisa inicia em 1870, pela análise das leis e regulamentos propondo a criação da referida escola e finaliza em 1890, quando a História Natural, após ser retirada do plano de ensino, continua ausente. Além das leis e regulamentos governamentais, analisamos os noticiários dos jornais. Neste noticiário, predominam opiniões favoráveis à adoção desta disciplina e à criação do Curso Normal, embora tenha havido, também, resistências. Convém assinalar, ainda, que a presença da História Natural não se reduziu ao contexto escolar. Nesse momento, ela se acentuava no contexto cultural local, destacando-se a presença da instituição destinada, sobretudo, às atividades nesse campo do conhecimento: o Museu Paraense (hoje Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi).

Simple Summary: In the sport of Para dressage, the combined performance of the Para athlete and the horse is judged subjectively. To provide a level playing field for athletes with a wide range of impairments, Para dressage athletes are classified based on the degree to which their impairment impacts sports performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of impairment on objective performance measures in Para athletes as a step towards developing an evidence-based classification system. Two groups of athletes comprising twenty-one elite Para athletes (classified grades I to V) and eleven non-disabled athletes (competing at Prix St. Georges or Grand Prix) were measured while performing a 2 min custom dressage test on a riding simulator and clinically assessed using a battery of impairment assessment tools. Statistical analysis considered the extent to which performance could be predicted from impairment measures. Impairment assessment tools related to sitting function could predict the impact of impairment on performance in Para athletes but not in non-disabled athletes. These findings provide evidence of sport-specific impairment assessments that could be used to enhance athlete classification. These findings pave the way for further studies using similar approaches to enhance the objectivity of classification between grades. This study follows a previously defined framework to investigate the impact of impairment on performance in Para dressage athletes. Twenty-one elite Para dressage athletes (grades I to V) and eleven non-disabled dressage athletes (competing at Prix St. Georges or Grand Prix) participated. Data were collected in two phases: performing a two minute custom dressage test on a riding simulator while kinematic data were synchronously collected using inertial measurement units (2000 Hz) and optical motion capture (100 Hz), and clinically assessed using a battery of impairment assessment tools administered by qualified therapists. Impairment and performance measures were compared between Para and non-disabled athletes. Significant differences between athlete groups were found for all impairment measures and two performance measures: simulator trunk harmonics (p = 0.027) and athlete trunk dynamic symmetry (p < 0.001). Impairment assessments of sitting function and muscle tone could predict 19 to 35% of the impact of impairment on performance in Para athletes but not in non-disabled athletes. These findings provide the basis for a robust, scientific evidence base, which can be used to aid in the refinement of the current classification system for Para dressage, to ensure that it is in line with the International Paralympic Committee's mandate for evidence-based systems of classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is emerging as a common clinical entity in the current era. Autonomic dysfunction is one of the frequently reported post‐COVID complications. We hypothesize a bi‐directional relationship between the autonomic function and the COVID course. This postulation has been inadequately addressed in the literature. A retrospective cohort (pre and post‐comparison) study was conducted on 30 young adults whose pre‐COVID autonomic function test results were available. They were divided into case and control groups based on whether they tested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive for COVID‐19. Autonomic function tests were performed in both the case and control groups. COVID infection in healthy young adults shifts the sympatho–vagal balance from the pre‐disease state. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome was present in 35% of the COVID‐affected group. COVID course parameters were found to be associated with parasympathetic reactivity and the baroreflex function. Baseline autonomic function (parasympathetic reactivity represented by Δ heart rate changes during deep breathing and 30:15 ratio during lying‐to‐standing test) was also associated with the COVID course, the post‐COVID symptoms and the post‐COVID autonomic function profile. Additionally, multiple regression analysis found that the baseline parasympathetic reactivity was a very important determinant of the clinical course of COVID, the post‐COVID symptoms and the post‐COVID autonomic profile. Sympatho–vagal balance shifts to parasympathetic withdrawal with sympathetic predominance due to COVID infection in healthy young adults. There is a bi‐directional relationship between the autonomic function and the COVID course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent Covid-19 pandemic has added a huge economic cost to the existing burden of antibiotic resistance and its rapid spread. This has led to increasing concern and efforts among the global health systems to control the spread of antibiotic resistance. Research on the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance and the creation of novel antibiotics has received a great deal of attention. Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics through chromosomal mutations but also often acquire plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer. However, little is understood about how bacteria retain and maintain the plasmid carrying antibiotic resistance genes through generations. In this article, we describe different strategies by which bacteria maintain and partition plasmids into daughter cells. We present the article in two parts, with the first part covering the historical background of the discovery of plasmids and their role in antibiotic resistance. In the second part, we elaborate on our understanding of its partitioning into daughter cells and maintenance. A detailed understanding of these diverse mechanisms should help us develop novel antibiotics and innovative interventions to tackle the alarming rise of anti-microbial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In multipolar vertebrate neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate close to the soma, at the axonal initial segment. Invertebrate neurons are typically unipolar with dendrites integrating directly into the axon. Where APs are initiated in the axons of invertebrate neurons is unclear. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are a functional hallmark of the axonal initial segment in vertebrates. We used an intronic Minos-Mediated Integration Cassette to determine the endogenous gene expression and subcellular localization of the sole NaV channel in both male and female Drosophila, para Despite being the only NaV channel in the fly, we show that only 23 ± 1% of neurons in the embryonic and larval CNS express para, while in the adult CNS para is broadly expressed. We generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the whole third instar larval brain to identify para expressing neurons and show that it positively correlates with markers of differentiated, actively firing neurons. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of larval neurons may be capable of firing NaV-dependent APs. We then show that Para is enriched in an axonal segment, distal to the site of dendritic integration into the axon, which we named the distal axonal segment (DAS). The DAS is present in multiple neuron classes in both the third instar larval and adult CNS. Whole cell patch clamp electrophysiological recordings of adult CNS fly neurons are consistent with the interpretation that Nav-dependent APs originate in the DAS. Identification of the distal NaV localization in fly neurons will enable more accurate interpretation of electrophysiological recordings in invertebrates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The site of action potential (AP) initiation in invertebrates is unknown. We tagged the sole voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel in the fly, para, and identified that Para is enriched at a distal axonal segment. The distal axonal segment is located distal to where dendrites impinge on axons and is the likely site of AP initiation. Understanding where APs are initiated improves our ability to model neuronal activity and our interpretation of electrophysiological data. Additionally, para is only expressed in 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons but is broadly expressed in adults. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the third instar larval brain shows that para expression correlates with the expression of active, differentiated neuronal markers. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons may be able to actively fire NaV-dependent APs.

Abstract Objectives We previously reported that >50% of postoperative opioids prescribed at our institution went unused for common otolaryngologic procedures. Based on these findings, we instituted multimodal, evidence‐based guidelines for postoperative pain management. In the second part of our multiphasic study, we evaluated the effects of these guidelines on (1) quantity of unused opioids, (2) patient satisfaction, and (3) institutional perceptions toward the opioid epidemic and prescribing guidelines. Methods Standardized, procedure‐specific opioid prescription guidelines were created using prospective data from the first phase of our study and evidence from current literature. Again, we examined sialendoscopy, parotidectomy, parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy, and transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Patients were surveyed at their first postoperative appointment. Groups from Phases I and II were compared. Attending physicians were surveyed before the start of the multiphasic project and after prescribing guidelines were implemented. Results Prescribing guidelines led to an average reduction in prescribed morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per patient by: 48% (sialendoscopy), 63% (parotidectomy), 60% (para/thyroidectomy), and 42% (TORS). Average used MME per patient for parotidectomy was significantly reduced (64%). The proportion of unused MME per patient and patient satisfaction scores did not significantly change after guidelines were implemented. Conclusion Implementation of opioid‐prescribing guidelines and the use of multimodal analgesia substantially reduced the amount of opioids prescribed across all procedures without impacting patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence 2

O estado do Pará é caracterizado como uma importante frente de expansão de atividades agropecuárias, minerais, energéticas e florestais na Amazônia. Este contexto permite que o estado seja considerado uma região de fronteira especialmente por registrar continuamente as maiores taxas de desmatamento da região. Neste trabalho, os limites do estado do Pará foram assumidos como fronteira física, à luz da relação conflituosa entre estado, capital e meio ambiente. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram apresentar e discutir a apropriação e uso dos recursos naturais na fronteira da Amazônia paraense, tendo como base a pesquisa bibliográfica e a abordagem conceitual de Bertha Becker sobre a ocupação da Amazônia. Os dados que subsidiam essa análise incluem mapas e gráficos que demonstram esse processo. Os resultados revelaram que a dinâmica que vem sendo apresentada na região está sujeita às políticas do Estado Nacional que tem uma ligação direta com o mercado mundial. Verificou-se que as populações locais e os atores ligados aos setores madeireiros, agronegócio e mineração tem contribuído para a remoção das florestas (primárias e/ou secundárias). Por fim, destaca-se a necessidade de uma atenção especial para a fronteira amazônica a fim de que se possa desenvolver uma política adequada e articulada para garantir a conservação do seu patrimônio natural, aliado ao desenvolvimento social das populações locais.

Para, teknolojideki gelişmeler ile birlikte değişmiş ve gelişmiştir. Mal para ile başlayan süreç dijitalleşme ile birlikte daha soyut paralara doğru bir değişim ve dönüşüm geçirmiştir. Bu nedenle bugün için hiçbir merkeze bağlı olmayan anonim ve kendine özgü yapısı olan paralardan konuşulur olmuştur. Merkeziyetsiz yapıdaki bu paralar için en çok sorulan soru ise devletsiz bir paranın nasıl olabileceğidir. Yasal düzenlemeleri tekelinde bulunduran devletin bulunmadığı bir alanın, yasal olarak nasıl denetlenebileceği veya böyle bir alanda paranın fonksiyonlarını nasıl gerçekleştirebileceği, cevabı aranan sorulardan olmuştur. Paraya dair bu sorular aslında bu çağa ait cevabı aranan sorular değildir. İslâm hukukunda fakihler bu soruları kendi zamanlarındaki tedavülde olan paralar için de sormuşlardır. Bu yönü ile bu çalışma bu soruların cevabını İslâm hukuku zemini içinde dünden bugüne nasıl cevap bulduğu noktasında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığı zaman İslâm hukukunun paranın devlet ve toplumsal uzlaşı ile bağlantısını ortaya koyan nazariyesi, İslâm hukukçu ve iktisatçılarının kripto paralara yönelik yaklaşımındaki farklı bakış açılarının arketipini de açıklayabilecektir. Bu çalışma, öncelikle İslâm’ın para teorisine ilişkin tarihsel klasik görüşlere odaklanırken, dijital dünyanın ortaya çıkardığı merkeziyetiz yapının çıktılarından birisi olan kriptonun para vasfı kazanıp kazanamayacağı da bu teori bağlamında değerlendirilmiş olacaktır.

İslam Hukukunda satım akitlerinden bahsederken semen ve mebî‘ unsurları akdin sıhhat veya kuruluş şartları arasında sayılmaktadır. Bu şartların her biri kendine has bazı özellikleri içerir. Bu çalışmada semen unsurunun kendine has özellikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Klasik kaynaklarda çoğunlukla müstakil bir başlıkta ele alınmayan semenin özellikleri farklı başlıklar altında zikredilmektedir. Bu özellikleri genel bir çerçeve altında birleştirmek günümüzde gelişen kompleks akit çeşitlerinde satış bedelinin fıkhî konumunu belirlemek ve bu konuda yeni bir bakış açısı geliştirmek adına büyük bir önemi haizdir. Bu çalışmada özellikle Hanefî mezhebinin odak noktası olarak ele alınmasının birkaç sebebi vardır. Bunlardan birisi Hanefîlerin semeni mebî‘den net bir şekilde ayıran bir anlayış geliştirmiş olmalarıdır. Bir diğeri ise bütün mal gruplarını semen olacağı veya semen olamayacağı şekilde sınıflandırmış olmalarıdır. Böylelikle semen tayininde akdin sıygasından ziyade bedellerin özellikleri ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca Hanefî mezhebine göre semen akdin in’ikad şartlarından sayılmayarak fâsid-bâtıl ayrımı ile oluşabilecek herhangi bir eksiklikte akdin onarılmasına kapı açılmıştır. Bu bakış açıları sayesinde günümüzde gelişen akit çeşitliliğinin getirdiği karışıklıklara bazı noktalarda çözümler bulunabilecek hatta bazı katkılar sunulabilecektir. Fakat bu çalışma semenin özelliklerini teorik zeminde zikretmekten öteye geçmeyecektir. Bu sebeple belli bir semen tanımı ortaya koyduktan sonra semende bulunması gereken şartlar zikredilecektir. Semenin mebî‘den ayrıldığı noktalar tespit edilerek birbirleriyle karşılaştıkları takdirde hangi bedellerin semen olabileceği, hangilerinin mebî‘ sayılacağı ortaya koyulacaktır. Fâsid veya bâtıl olma(nın sonuçları), tayinle taayyün edip etmeme, mülkiyet, tasarrufta bulunabilme/bulunamama, telef olma, karşılıklı anlaşma ile fesih (ikâle), teslimde öncelik, muhayyerliğin bulunup bulunmaması gibi konulardaki farklılıklar semen ve mebî’ unsurları arasındaki ayrımı netleştirmede kullanılan temel başlıklar olacaktır. Ayrıca temel akit şekilleri dikkate alındığında semenin özelliklerinin pratikteki tatbik şekillerine de değinilecektir. Bu amaçla satım akdi, sarf akdi, selem akdi ve mukâyaza akdi örnek olarak ele alınıp semen ve mebî’in bu akitlerdeki durumuna dikkat çekilecektir. Eğer semen ve mebî’in genel özelliklerinde, akdin kendine has özelliklere sahip olması sebebiyle değişiklik meydana gelmişse bu değişikliklere ve değişim sebeplerine işaret edilecektir. Son olarak semen söz konusu olduğunda günümüzde en çok karşılaşılan problemlerden olan tedavülden kalkma, piyasadan çekilme, değerde artış olması veya azalma olması gibi nispeten daha spesifik olan konularda, üç imamın (Ebû Hanîfe, Ebû Yûsuf, İmam Muhammed) ittifaklarına veya (varsa) ihtilaflarına öz bir şekilde yer verilerek çalışma sonlandırılacaktır.

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Resumo: O estudo apresenta uma análise sobre a circulação da mobília escolar na Instrução Pública Primária no Pará, abordando os modelos estrangeiros que circularam nas casas de ensino do estado. As análises sobre o mobiliário utilizado nas escolas do Pará, seguem baseadas nas reflexões em torno dos catálogos de empresas estrangeiras, especificamente os modelos franceses e norte-americanos. Metodologicamente, buscou-se localizar nos diferentes documentos oficiais do estado, Álbum do Pará (1908), modelos solicitados para as instituições de atendimento à instrução primária. As análises aqui apresentadas, revelam as transações comerciais entre o governo do Pará, na representatividade do diretor geral da instrução pública e as empresas fornecedoras e de casas estrangeiras. A partir de constatações, pode-se pensar as estratégias impostas pelos dirigentes da administração do Pará, tendo em vista as influências de circulação dos catálogos como vitrines dos saberes universais sendo determinantes para modernização dos sistemas educativos.

Abstract This study aimed to redescribe two species of Ozolaimus, parasites of free-living green iguanas native to Marajó Island. The gastrointestinal system of four iguana specimens was evaluated for the presence of helminths. Altogether, 12,028 nematodes were found, with a prevalence of 100%, an infection range of 780 to 7,736 nematodes, an infection intensity of 3.007, and a mean abundance of 3,007. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the species of nematodes found. The cecum was the site of infection that had the highest parasitic load. Morphologically, the nematodes were compatible with the genus Ozolaimus Dujardin, 1844, with the species Ozolaimus megatyphlon (Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845, and Ozolaimus cirratus Linstow, 1906. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of small structures (serrated in Ozolaimus cirratus and rounded in Ozolaimus megatyphlon) located below the esophageal leaves. We also evidenced the phasmids in both species; this is the first record of these structures in nematodes of the genus Ozolaimus. In addition, this work expands the records on the geographic distribution of these parasites.

O presente artigo analisa a infestação da doença mal de cadeiras, provocada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma evansi, entre os cavalos que serviam para a criação de gado bovino no Pará, entre 1870-1889, e os esforços de atores humanos e não humanos para combatê-la. Ao se investigar documentos como jornais e relatórios de presidentes de província, sob a perspectiva da história ambiental e da história dos animais, percebe-se uma diversidade de agentes envolvidos nesse combate, tentativas de tratamento relacionadas à medicina científica e/ou medicina popular, mudança de sensibilidade em relação aos equinos e acirramento do debate acerca da importância da ciência no Brasil.

O livro originou-se da dissertação de mestrado defendida em 2019 no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Pará. Nesta obra, Gercina Silva realiza uma minuciosa investigação sobre a educação de meninas indígenas da colônia Santo Antonio do Prata, em Igarapé-Açu. No prefácio, a professora Irma Rizzini, destaca o empenho da autora em escrever uma “história vista de baixo” ja que os indígenas são alçados ao papel de protagonistas da própria história. A professora também ressalta a relevância dos estudos sobre a história da educação nos territórios indígenas, especialmente este, ao focalizar as meninas indígenas.

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Objectives: We previously reported that >50% of postoperative opioids prescribed at our institution went unused for common otolaryngologic procedures. Based on these findings, we instituted multimodal, evidence‐based guidelines for postoperative pain management. In the second part of our multiphasic study, we evaluated the effects of these guidelines on (1) quantity of unused opioids, (2) patient satisfaction, and (3) institutional perceptions toward the opioid epidemic and prescribing guidelines. Methods: Standardized, procedure‐specific opioid prescription guidelines were created using prospective data from the first phase of our study and evidence from current literature. Again, we examined sialendoscopy, parotidectomy, parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy, and transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Patients were surveyed at their first postoperative appointment. Groups from Phases I and II were compared. Attending physicians were surveyed before the start of the multiphasic project and after prescribing guidelines were implemented. Results: Prescribing guidelines led to an average reduction in prescribed morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per patient by: 48% (sialendoscopy), 63% (parotidectomy), 60% (para/thyroidectomy), and 42% (TORS). Average used MME per patient for parotidectomy was significantly reduced (64%). The proportion of unused MME per patient and patient satisfaction scores did not significantly change after guidelines were implemented. Conclusion: Implementation of opioid‐prescribing guidelines and the use of multimodal analgesia substantially reduced the amount of opioids prescribed across all procedures without impacting patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glanders is an anthropozoonosis caused by the bacteria Burkholderia mallei, affecting mainly equids. It has been eradicated in North America, Australia, and Western Europe, but continues to occur sporadically in countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. Its notification is mandatory by the World Organization for Animal Health. After 30 years, the disease reappeared in Brazil in 1999 and, thereafter, 1,413 outbreaks have been reported. However, the epidemiological situation of the disease in the country is not adequately known. Thus, 2718 animals from 654 properties in the state of Pará were randomly selected by sampling and examined using a serial protocol with Complement Fixation and Western Blot serological tests. The prevalence of properties infected with glanders in the state was estimated at 1.68% [0.84; 3.33] and of seropositive animals at 0.50% [0.27; 0.94]. The introduction of animals was individualized as a risk factor for disease introduction in the properties (OR = 5.9 [1.4; 25.5]). Despite the low prevalence of infected properties and seropositive animals, the state must review actions to fight the disease, considering that the strategies implemented have not affected the endemic balance of the disease. This process must involve all public and private agents interested in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) created the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food (PARA) in 2001 with the purpose of evaluating pesticide residue levels reaching the consumer’s table. Currently, all Brazilian states participate in this program, except for Paraná, which established its own program in 2011 and ceased to participate in ANVISA’s analyses in 2016. In this context, this article aimed to analyze the results of pesticide residue monitoring in food in the state of Paraná and discuss the advances and limitations within the state program. The methodology relied on exploratory documentary research, analyzing reports from the Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food coordinated by ANVISA and the State Program for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food (PARA/ PR), made available on the website of the Paraná State Health Department (SESA/ PR). Additionally, bulletins and reports from the Surveillance and Health Care Plan for Populations Exposed to Pesticides in the State of Paraná (PEVASPEA) were also examined. It was identified that, on average, 60% of food samples analyzed in Paraná between 2001-2019 contained some level of pesticide contamination. The most frequently detected irregularities were found in samples of bell peppers, strawberries, cucumbers, and grapes. There are indications of multiple exposures, as some foods, such as strawberries, presented an average detection of up to eight different active ingredients per sample. The most detected pesticides belong to the dithiocarbamate group, as well as carbendazim, imidacloprid, and tebuconazole. Thus, this study intends to raise awareness about the essential need to consider and demand less harmful methods for the environment and human health in food production, while promoting strategies for proper nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare bushy-tailed opossum, Glironia venusta, is known from only 12 records in Brazil, four of which from the state of Pará. Here, we provide two new records from western Pará, and the first observations of the species in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve. In one case, the feeding behavior of the species was also recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]