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Teachers use many methods to measure students' progress in learning Arabic, either by using a computer or manually. This study aimed to determine the level and comparison between student motivation to complete assignments using computer-based and paper-based test methods in Arabic language learning. This research used a quantitative approach with comparative descriptive by performing observation, questionnaire, and interview for data collection. It used data analysis methods, such as validity tests, reliability tests and percentage analysis. The research subjects were 23 tenth graders of Visual Communication Design of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. The results of this study are: (1) the motivation of students to complete Arabic language assignments by computer-based test methods is 81.13% with high category. (2) The motivation of students to complete Arabic language assignments by paper-based test method is 83.82% with high category. (3) Comparison between the motivation of students to complete assignments using computer and paper-based test methods is 2.7% with low category. This difference is due to several factors, including human resource factors. This research has contributed to the Arabic language learning evaluation as it can be used as a teacher's consideration on what methods to use.

AbstractComputer-based test has been administered in e-learning environments as part of ICT integration in education. Recently, online test is gaining attention in both regular and distance education institutions, and students’ preference or perception of an online test versus paper-based test is crucial in successful adoption or implementation of either of the test modes by any educational institution. For this reason, this study examined undergraduate students’ computer usage experience as a prerequisite for online test completion, and their perception and preference toward online test as opposed to paper-based test. It also examined how students’ perception of online test differed across sex, program major, and computer usage experiences. The findings would contribute to knowledge on factors for consideration, especially by faculty and instructional designers, in successful adoption of online test in undergraduate programmes. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 213 undergraduate students at a university in Ghana, and the data were analyzed using median, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal–Wallis Test, and Spearman correlation. The results indicated that students had high level of experience in computer usage, they had positive perception and preference for online test, there was no significant differences in perception of online test between female and male students, and among students of different majors. However, there was a positive correlation between computer use experience of the students and their perception of online test. It was recommended that universities seeking to implement online assessment ensure their students are equipped with adequate skills and experiences in computer usage.

In physics, computer-based tests have been widely developed, however, the questions are only presented in textual and pictorial representations. We have developed a kinematic test in the multimedia format, which is so called multimedia-based test (MBT). For comparative study purposes, two groups of students were alternately set to take the MBT and paper-based test (PBT). From the statistical analysis, it is revealed that there was no significant difference between the MBT and PBT. Therefore, the MBT can be used for reliable assessment tool. We also found that students were more motivated to work on multimedia format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In education quality assurance, the accuracy of test data is crucial. However, there is still a problem regarding to the possibility of incorrect data filled by test taker during paper-based test. On the contrary, this problem does not appear in computer-based test. In this study, a method was proposed in order to analyze the accuracy of answer sheet filling out in paper-based test using data mining technique. A single layer of data comprehension was added within the method instead of raw data. The results of the study were a web-based program for data pre-processing and decision tree models. There were 374 instances which were analyzed. The accuracy of answer sheet filling out attained 95.19% while the accuracy of classification varied from 99.47% to 100% depend on evaluation method chosen. This study could motivate the administrators for test improvement since it preferred computer-based test to paper-based.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Perbedaan kesiapan siswa dalam menghadapi UNBK antara yang melaksanakan tryout CBT dan PBT, (2) Perbedaan keefektifan tryout ujian nasional berbasis CBT dan PBT untuk siswa kelas XII dalam menghadapi UNBK. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif dengan metode Quasi Eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalen Control Group Design. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik diferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dari hasil analisis diketahui nilai Sig=0,000 (Sig0,05). Jadi, H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada perbedaan kesiapan siswa dalam menghadapi UNBK antara yang melaksanakan tryout CBT dan PBT. (2) Hasil pengukuran efektivitas diketahui Sig=0,000 (Sig0,05). Jadi, H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya terdapat perbedaan keefektivan tryout ujian nasional berbasis CBT dan PBT untuk siswa kelas XII dalam menghadapi UNBK. Kata Kunci: Computer-based test, Paper-based test, Tryout The effectiveness of the National Test tryout based on Computer-Based Test to support the readiness in facing UNBK Abstract This research aims to find out: (1) The Differences in the readiness of students in facing UNBK between those who carry out CBT and PBT tryout, (2) The effectiveness differences of CBT and PBT-based national exam tryouts for class XII students in facing UNBK. This type of research is quantitative experimental research with the Quasi Experiment method with the design of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The data analysis technique used in this study is iferential statistics. The results of the research show that: (1) From the results of the analysis it is known that the Sig = 0,000 (Sig 0.05). So, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a difference in the readiness of students in facing UNBK between those who carry out CBT and PBT tryout. (2) The Effectiveness measurement results are known to Sig = 0,000 (Sig 0.05). So, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there are differences in the effectiveness of the national exam based CBT and PBT tryout for class XII students in dealing with UNBK. Keywords: Computer-based test, Paper-based test, Tryout

This study was conducted to examine students' performance in paper-based and online-based tests. In the context of the study, students' performances were considered in the General Physics course between 2014 and 2015 and 2018–2019 academic years. The participants of this study are 417 students of Engineering and Science faculties at a public university of Kyrgyz Republic. Students' achievement scores in paper-based and online-based tests were obtained and appropriate statistical analysis methods were employed. According to the results, students' demographic data (i.e. gender, faculty and major) have different effects on their performance, and students performed better in online-based tests compared to paper-based tests. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze instructor perceptions related to testing types that interviews were conducted with 26 instructors of the General Physics course. The majority of the instructors indicated that they experienced difficulties related to the traditional form of evaluation due to the following reasons: lack of time to give personal feedback to each student, lack of time for objective evaluation, and difficulty of evaluation of crowded student groups. Therefore, they indicated the necessity of online test implementation in the context of the General Physics course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination management system is an information system that enables an educational institution to be more effective and efficient in planning, execution, and monitoring of academic-related test. The research was focused on investigating the perception of the instructors from Business Administration Science and Engineering faculties of Cyprus International University Nicosia, North Cyprus and it was analyzed to ascertain which of the examination types, computer-based (CB) test or paper-based (PB) test, the instructors preferred and observed to be more suitable. The analyses showed that most instructors preferred the CB test although instructors from business admin seem to also prefer PB test. The total population of the instructors in both faculties was 69 and a total of 61 questionnaires were retrieved and found usable from the 69 questionnaires administered, which were analyzed and used in the design of the system. A new system which will allow lecturers to create and upload questions, and then students can assess the site URL with their provided login credentials giving to them by the admin office to answer questions was suggested. This web-based system will also serve as an information desk for students and lecturers to be informed on what is happening on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis has become one of the most universal chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide. Subclinical symptom progression, ultimately leading to permanent damage, calls for early diagnosis and long-term monitoring. However, traditional clinical diagnostic methods are complex and expensive, and cannot meet these requirements. Recently, with more biomarkers and the development of new technologies, various point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms have been developed for periodontitis diagnosis and monitoring. These are easy to perform, rapid, low-cost, and are perfectly suited for high-frequency diagnosis of periodontitis at the point-of-care (POC). We summarize existing biomarkers of different periodontitis stages and recent developed POCT platforms (including lab-on-a-chip, paper-based platforms, and chairside tests), discuss their existing challenges and future potential, and provide some inspiration and guidelines for future POC periodontitis testing. Highlights Periodontitis has wide prevalence and distribution, and is associated with the progression of several systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancers, and Alzheimer's disease). Preventing and treating periodontitis is beneficial to oral and general health, and diagnosis and surveillance of periodontitis are especially important. Existing clinical diagnostic methods for periodontitis can reflect its severity and previous periodontal destruction, but they fail to reflect its present state or allow monitoring and predict its progress. By contrast, periodontitis-related biomarkers can indicate current disease conditions and evaluate treatment effects and future risk. POCT can detect periodontitis biomarkers onsite within 20 minutes. Its low cost, ease of use, and speed can help people to pay closer attention to their oral health and decrease the need for dental procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of paper-based methods for clinical diagnostics is a rapidly expanding research topic attracting a great deal of interest. Some groups have attempted to realize an integrated nucleic acid test on a single microfluidic paper chip, including extraction, amplification, and readout functions. However, these studies were not able to overcome complex modification and fabrication requirements, long turn-around times, or the need for sophisticated equipment like pumps, thermal cyclers, or centrifuges. Here, we report an extremely simple paper-based test for the point-of-care diagnosis of rotavirus A, one of the most common pathogens that causes pediatric gastroenteritis. This paper-based test could perform nucleic acid extraction within 5 min, then took 25 min to amplify the target sequence, and the result was visible to the naked eye immediately afterward or quantitative by the UV–Vis absorbance. This low-cost method does not require extra equipment and is easy to use either in a lab or at the point-of-care. The detection limit for rotavirus A was found to be 1 × 10 3 copies/mL. In addition, 100% sensitivity and specificity were achieved when testing 48 clinical stool samples. In conclusion, the present paper-based test fulfills the main requirements for a point-of-care diagnostic tool, and has the potential to be applied to disease prevention, control, and precision diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Most research in the area of dynamic decision making in general and stock-flow failures in particular is conducted with the help of computerized simulations as task environments or paper-based tasks of simple dynamic systems.Purpose. The purpose of this article is to investigate if stock-flow failures persist in naturalistic decision making environments.Methods. For this purpose, a tangible stock-flow experiment is used. It asks participants to meet a target level of water in a glass by pouring water through a funnel as fast as possible. We then compare their performance with a purely cognitive task (a manufacturing task).Results. Participants on average did not significantly perform better in a tangible stock-flow task than in a paper-based test of a comparable task. In addition, individual performance in the tangible task cannot be related to performance in a similar paper-pencil stock-flow task.Conclusions. An implication of this study is that tangible stock-flow tasks are as difficult for humans to control as are purely cognitive tasks. Further research should address individual differences between the two task modes (tangible vs. cognitive). A limitation of this study is the usage of only one tangible stock-flow task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The use of computer-based tests (CBTs) has spread rapidly in recent years, as such tests offer real-time scoring and immediate feedback, facilitate the use of individualised testing methods, improve test administration and reduce test expenses. Thus, most previous studies have tended to focus on the technical advantages of CBTs and on implementation issues. However, objections to the use of CBTs have begun to surface, and the primary concern is whether the scores of CBTs and those of paper-based tests (PBTs) are equivalent. The aim of this article is to compare the scores of Korean students on computer-based and paper-based versions of the same test. We focus on the differences between the scores of male and female participants and between scores on tests examining different subject matter. Surprisingly, even though the Korean students who participated in this study had more exposure to advanced information technologies such as computers, the Internet and multimedia than did students in other countries, they did not achieve higher CBT scores than PBT scores. This finding shows that familiarity with information technology and adaptation to CBTs are distinct. We also identified a fundamental reason for low CBT scores. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Virtually errorless high speed data processing feature has made computers popular assessment tools in education. An important concern in developing countries considering integrating computers as an educational assessment tool before making substantial investment is the effects of computer-based testing on students’ test scores as compared to paper-and-pencil tests. This study investigated whether test scores of Turkish students were different in the computer-based test and in the paper-and-pencil test, with forty-seven undergraduate students studying at a public university located in the Blacksea region of Turkey. Findings of this study showed that test scores of undergraduate students were not different in the computer-based test and in the paper-and-pencil test which led us to reach the conclusion that computer-based testing can be considered as a promising alternative technique for the undergraduate students in Turkey. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]