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This is the introduction to the special issue 'Greece and the South: Grammars of Comparison, Protest, and Futurity'.

The Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field (CSKVF) in the Aegean Sea is one of the most active volcano-tectonic lineaments in Europe. Santorini has been an iconic site in volcanology and archaeology since the 19th century, and the onshore volcanic products of Santorini are one of the best-studied volcanic sequences worldwide. However, little is known about the chronology of volcanic activity of the adjacent submarine Kolumbo volcano, and even less is known about the Christiana volcanic island. In this study, we exploit a dense array of high-resolution marine seismic reflection profiles to link the marine stratigraphy to onshore volcanic sequences and present the first consistent chronological framework for the CSKVF, enabling a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of the volcanic rift system in time and space. We identify four main phases of volcanic activity, which initiated in the Pliocene with the formation of the Christiana volcano (phase 1). The formation of the current southwest-northeast-trending rift system (phase 2) was associated with the evolution of two distinct volcanic centers, the newly discovered Poseidon center and the early Kolumbo volcano. Phase 3 saw a period of widespread volcanic activity throughout the entire rift. The ongoing phase 4 is confined to the Santorini caldera and Kolumbo volcano. Our study highlights the fundamental tectonic control on magma emplacement and shows that the CSKVF evolved from a volcanic field with local centers that matured only recently to form the vast Santorini edifice.

Submarine hydrothermal systems along active volcanic ridges and arcs are highly dynamic, responding to both oceanographic (e.g., currents, tides) and deep-seated geological forcing (e.g., magma eruption, seismicity, hydrothermalism, and crustal deformation, etc.). In particular, volcanic and hydrothermal activity may also pose profoundly negative societal impacts (tsunamis, the release of climate-relevant gases and toxic metal(loid)s). These risks are particularly significant in shallow (

Hydrographic survey of the southeastern coastal margin of Lesvos Island (Greece) was conducted in January 2018 by R/V METEOR. The main morphological characteristic of the southern margin of Lesvos Island is a sub-parallel to the coast elongated basin, 30 km long, 5–10 km wide, and 700 m deep. It is interrupted by an oblique NW–SE narrow channel of 650 m depth, which separates the adjacent platform areas surrounding the longitudinal basin. The northern margin of the basin is abrupt with morphological slopes of more than 10°, following the major WNW-ESE normal fault surface, running along the coastal zone, with an overall throw of more than 800 m. In contrast, the southern margin shows a gradual slope increase from 1° to 5°, where several shallow sub-bottom profiles across the basin have indicated the existence of some minor WNW-ESE normal faults and one reverse/strike-slip fault zone, with throws of a few up to 13 m. However, the NW–SE narrow channel intersecting the basin is bounded by two sub-vertical fault zones with sinistral strike-slip motion and throws of more than 150 m. The above structure was reflected in the mainshock of magnitude 6.3 (12/6/2017), corresponding to a WNW-ESE normal fault dipping to the SSW and the two major aftershocks of magnitude 5.2 and 5.0 corresponding to the two sub-parallel NW–SE sinistral strike-slip faults of the channel. This active deformation comprising WNW-ESE normal faults and NW–SE or NE-SW strike-slip faults is compatible with the area’s overall tectonic frame at the eastern margin of the Aegean microplate. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

The shallow submarine Kolumbo volcano , located in the 5 Ma-to-present Aegean volcanic arc in Greece, hosts an active hydrothermal system currently forming polymetallic seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mineralization on the seafloor, with high As, Ag, Au, Hg, Sb and Tl contents. It is one of the few known SMS deposits associated with continental margin volcanism. The hydrothermal system of the Kolumbo volcano represents an active hybrid analogue style of epithermal and VMS mineralization. The particular geological setting of the Kolumbo volcano in the Anydros basin makes it a great natural laboratory to investigate the metal flux as the underlying units outcrop on the neighboring islands of Santorini, Ios and Anafi . To this day, it is not clear to which extend the metals in the fluid derive from a magmatic source or if they are leached from the basement rocks by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Whole rock geochemistry of the basement and sedimentary rocks allows identifying the potential metal reservoirs in the system. The basement rocks can add metals to the system either by leaching through magmatic-hydrothermal fluids or contamination of the melt by assimilation. Sulfur and Pb isotope analysis allow to track contribution of the basement rocks to the metals/ligands budget of the fluids by comparison with the sulfates and sulfides of the Kolombo SMS. Constraining the metal reservoirs involved in marine magmatic-hydrothermal systems is crucial to understand the formation of SMS and variability in the metal endowment between the deposits.

Taking its cue from the deadly attack against activist and drag performer Zak Kostopoulos/Zackie Oh and shocking death on 21/9/2018 in Athens, this article joins a number of public interventions on the issue and reaffirms the need to discuss, once again, the issues of racism, homophobia and thanatopolitics in the Greece of the Crisis. The aim is to underline the ethical, aesthetic and political dimensions that such a discussion can take in this context. In the second part of the essay, using examples from films and texts referring to the genealogy of the HIV/AIDS movement, the article reassesses the need to reframe and rethink the central notions of creative rage, cruel insistence and non-normative time and duration.

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Purpose: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the main cause of hospitalization during the first trimester of pregnancy. Although it has been associated with serious complications, little is known about its predictive factors. The aim of this systematic review was to search for and critically appraise the studies that investigate the predictive factors for HG. Methods: Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases (till December 2017). All studies examining risk factors for HG were included. Screening of available studies was carried out by two reviewers, as well as the quality assessment of the included studies, based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Results: The search located 308 articles, of which 14 observational studies (four low-, eight medium- and two high-quality), involving 1400 women who met the eligibility criteria. In four studies, there was no association between Helicobacter (H.) Pylori infection and HG, in contrast to two studies which demonstrated such an association. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue, maternal age, leptin, ghrelin, beta-chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), total (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) correlated with HG in various studies, and could be considered as predictive markers. Regarding the high-quality evidence, a cohort study associated leptin and nephatin-1 with HG, whereas a cross-sectional study found no association between H. pylori infection and HG. Conclusions: More studies of high quality and adequate sample size have to be carried out to identify the predictive factors for HG. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

The aim of the current work is to introduce bathymetry data into Geographic Information Systems tools for mapping, monitoring and assessing the geohazards in the Greek islands between Crete and Kasos at the Mediterranean sea. The offshore area lying east of Crete is studied on the basis of new bathymetric data. The data was obtained by a multibeam sonar system which allows the imaging of the seafloor. The collected multibeam data have been extensively processed in order to be cleaned of erroneous beams, filtered of noise, processed of navigation data and interpolated of missing beams. The analysis and representation was performed with the ArcGIS software. Resulting maps were analyzed and presented. The analysis of the slope values and the watershed at the eastern part of Crete reflects intense tectonic activity. We have found out that the basin geometry is an elongated rectangular which is divided into seven sub-basins. The multibeam bathymetric data show that the relief is a complex compound of submarine canyons, landslides and a well-defined slump with vertical displacement. These conditions increase substantially the potential of a geohazard in the area. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Slab tearing below western Turkey had first-order tectonic and magmatic consequences by inducing a lateral gradient of extension in the upper plate and toroidal flow of asthenosphere that affected the typology and distribution of melts at the surface. But the coupling mechanisms between the 3D mantle flow at depth and deformation in the upper plate above a slab tear have received little attention so far. This paper is focused on the description of the distribution and kinematics of deformation in the eastern part of the Aegean Sea, within the transition zone between the Cyclades and the Menderes Massif, which have been little studied. By investigating the Dodecanese and Eastern Aegean islands, we thus complete the description of the extensional strain field in the overriding plate around the slab tear. There, extension related to slab retreat and tearing keeps a constant NNE-SSW direction accommodating the difference in finite rates of extension, without localized crustal-scale strike-slip faults and block rotations above the tear. In addition, despite the complexity involved in the Aegean-Anatolian orogenic wedge, a similar structural position is recognized through the entire region. From top to bottom, we found that (i) the Lycian units which were exhumed earlier, in the Late Cretaceous, (ii) the higher-pressure and higher-temperature units (i.e. the Upper Cycladic Blueschist Nappe), with exception of the Vourliotes nappe in Samos, and finally (iii) the colder units such as Amorgos unit, the Menderes and its cover before the Main Menderes Metamorphism overprint and the Lower Cycladic Blueschist Nappe (e.g. Milos, Folegandros, a part of the Dodecanese and Fourni islands). © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

In retreating subduction systems, where the subduction rate is faster than the convergence rate between the upper and lower plates, the processes by which the upper plate crust is constructed have not been well understood. From our studies in the Hellenides, which formed above a retreating slab, we conclude that the external part of the Cenozoic Hellenide orogen was constructed from rocks derived from the subducting plate at least at two crustal levels. The upper crustal level within the external Hellenides consists of west-vergent thrust sheets emplaced progressively from east to west along a regional décollement from ca. 35 Ma to present. These thrust sheets consist of Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata that have been stripped from their underlying basement to form the Hellenides. The middle and lower crustal layer consists of slices of continental crust detached from the downgoing slab at depth and accreted below the upper crustal thrust sheets. These accreted slices represent ~35% (or less) of the crust belonging to the subducting lithosphere; the remainder of the crust appears to be subducted with the slab. While the process of slab rollback may be continuous at depth, the episodic detachment of crustal slices guarantees that rollback is step-like in time at the crustal level. As the subducted lithosphere rolled back beneath the Hellenides, it passed progressively from east to west through the region occupied by present-day lower crust and mantle, where there is a well-defined Moho. Any irregularities that may have been present at the base of the accreted slabs have been smoothed by processes that remain to be determined. © 2018 The Authors.

New bathymetric and seismic reflection data from the Santorini–Amorgos Tectonic Zone in the southern Cyclades have been analysed and a description of the morphology and tectonic structure of the area has been presented. The basins of Anhydros, Amorgos and Santorini–Anafi have been distinguished together with the intermediate Anhydros Horst within the NE-SW oriented Santorini–Amorgos Tectonic Zone which has a length of 60–70 km and a width of 20–25 km. The basins represent tectonic grabens or semi-grabens bordered by the active marginal normal faults of Santorini–Anafi, Amorgos, Ios, Anhydros and Astypalaea. The Santorini–Anafi, Amorgos and Ios marginal faults have their footwall towards the NW where Alpine basement occurs in the submarine scarps and their hangingwall towards the southeast, where the Quaternary sediments have been deposited with maximum thickness of 700 m. Six sedimentary Units 1–6 have been distinguished in the stratigraphic successions of the Santorini–Anafi and the western Anhydros Basin whereas in the rest area only the upper four Units 3–6 have been deposited. This shows the expansion of the basin with subsidence during the Quaternary due to ongoing extension in a northwest-southeast direction. Growth structures are characterized by different periods of maximum deformation as this is indicated by the different sedimentary units with maximum thickness next to each fault. Transverse structures of northwest-southeast direction have been identified along the Santorini–Amorgos Tectonic Zone with distinction of the blocks/segments of Santorini, Anhydros/Kolumbo, Anhydros islet and Amorgos. Recent escarpments with 7–9 m offset observed along the Amorgos Fault indicate that this was activated during the first earthquake of the 7.5 magnitude 1956 events whereas no recent landslide was found in the area that could be related to the 1956 tsunami. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

This chapter encompasses a short review on the general aspects of the geodynamics in the southeast Aegean region, in the context of the plate convergence between the African plate and the Anatolian and Aegean microplates. Southeast-ward subduction of oceanic lithosphere and crust of a remnant Thethys ocean beneath the microplates are responsible for the generation of magmatism and volcanism during the past 5 million years. This formed the South Aegean Volcanic Arc and in particular the Kos-Yali-Nisyros-Tilos volcanic field in the southeast corner. The chapter mostly deals with the description of morphotectonic structures, obtained from a combination of onshore and offshore data, generated during numerous cruises since the European GEOWARN project seventeen years ago. The cruises focussed on a precise bathymetric exploration to determine the seafloor morphology with its young sedimentary cover, submarine volcanic features and fault zones within the different basins, troughs and horsts. Geological outlines and maps are given for all volcanic eruptive centers: Kos Island and the distribution of the 161,000 years old Kos Plateau Tuff, Nisyros Volcano, Yali Island, Strongyli Volcano, Avyssos submarine crater, the volcanic islet Pergousa and Pachia and the Kondelioussa islet. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.

The morphotectonic structure of the offshore area lying between Crete and Kasos is studied on the basis of new detailed bathymetric data. The resulting bathymetric map is presented. Qualitative analysis of morphological slope values, as well as the analysis of the watershed at the eastern part of Crete, confirms that the current seabed topographic relief reflects intense tectonic activity. The high morphological slope values indicate well-defined morphotectonic features, which mainly trend SW-NE and, secondarily, SSW-NNE. The main large-scale tectonic structures trend SW-NE correspond to the marginal faults that bound the Crete-Kasos basin. The overall basin geometry is an elongated rectangular which is divided into seven sub-basins, and the deepest one (2800m) is located at the eastern part of the area. Moreover, the complex regime of the seafloor includes submarine canyons, landslides and a well-defined slump with vertical displacement more than 400m.

This essay begins with a comparison between the anonymous ‘Roman d’un inverti’ (1894/5) and Cavafy’s poem ‘Να μείνει’, and then proceeds to read C.P.Cavafy’s private notes and key erotic poems in the context of late 19th and early 20th century discourses about non-normative sexuality. During that period, and in a discursive domain dominated by sexological case studies, the deviant sexual life story was published with an aim to titillate, check, control and medicalize. In Cavafy’s texts we see, instead, a network of homosexual life-stories proposed as a platform for the conceptualization of novel sexual, aesthetic and social technologies, as well as a new ethics of contact.

Caldera-forming eruptions of island volcanoes generate tsunamis by the interaction of different eruptive phenomena with the sea. Such tsunamis are a major hazard, but forward models of their impacts are limited by poor understanding of source mechanisms. The caldera-forming eruption of Santorini in the Late Bronze Age is known to have been tsunamigenic, and caldera collapse has been proposed as a mechanism. Here, we present bathymetric and seismic evidence showing that the caldera was not open to the sea during the main phase of the eruption, but was flooded once the eruption had finished. Inflow of water and associated landsliding cut a deep, 2.0-2.5 km3, submarine channel, thus filling the caldera in less than a couple of days. If, as at most such volcanoes, caldera collapse occurred syn-eruptively, then it cannot have generated tsunamis. Entry of pyroclastic flows into the sea, combined with slumping of submarine pyroclastic accumulations, were the main mechanisms of tsunami production. © The Author(s) 2016.