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3. Molecular epidemiology of HIV among people who inject drugs after the HIV-outbreak in Athens, Greece: Evidence for a ‘slow burn’ outbreak

Author

Kostaki, Evangelia Georgia, Roussos, Sotirios, Kefala, Anastasia Maria, Limnaios, Stefanos, Psichogiou, Mina, Papachristou, Eleni, Nikolopoulos, Georgios, Flountzi, Eleni, Friedman, Samuel R., Lagiou, Pagona, Hatzakis, Angelos, Sypsa, Vana, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Beloukas, Apostolos, and Paraskevis, Dimitrios

Published
2024
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5. Viability and Proliferation Assessment of Gingival Fibroblasts Cultured on Silver Nanoparticle-Doped Ti-6Al-4V Surfaces.

Author

Vasilaki, Dimitra, Bakopoulou, Athina, Papadopoulou, Lambrini, Papachristou, Eleni, Michailidis, Nikolaos, Tsouknidas, Alexandros, Dratsios, Stergios, Taylor, Thomas, and Michalakis, Konstantinos

Subjects
DENTAL implants, FLUORESCENT dyes, CELL proliferation, GINGIVA, ELECTRON microscopy, CELL physiology, FIBROBLASTS, SILVER compounds, BIOMEDICAL materials, COLLOIDS, CELL culture, CELL survival, CELL receptors, ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the biocompatibility of silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-doped Ti-6Al-4V surfaces by evaluating the viability and proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs)--as the dominant cells of peri-implant soft tissues-- seeded on the modified surfaces. Materials and Methods: AgNPs (sizes 8 nm and 30 nm) were incorporated onto Ti-6Al-4V specimen surfaces via electrochemical deposition, using colloid silver dispersions with increasing AgNP concentrations of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. One control and six experimental groups were included in the study: (1) control (Ti-6Al- 4V), (2) 8 nm/100 ppm, (3) 8 nm/200 ppm, (4) 8 nm/300 ppm, (5) 30 nm/100 ppm, (6) 30 nm/200 ppm, and (7) 30 nm/300 ppm. HGF cell primary cultures were isolated from periodontally healthy donor patients and cultured in direct contact with the group specimens for 24 and 72 hours. The cytotoxicity of AgNP-doped Ti-6Al-4V specimens toward HGF was assessed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assay tests. Calcein AM and ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) fluorescent stains were used to determine the live and dead cells. The morphology and attachment properties of the HGFs were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs on the specimens. The MTT test revealed that AgNPs of both sizes and all concentrations presented a decreased cellular metabolic activity compared to the control discs. All concentrations of both sizes of AgNPs affected the cell proliferation rate compared to the control group, as revealed by the BrdU assay. Overall, cytotoxicity of the modified Ti-6Al-4V surfaces depended on cell exposure time. Observation via confocal microscopy confirmed the results of the MTT and BrdU assay tests. Specifically, most cells remained alive throughout the 72-hour culture period. SEM images revealed that adjacent cells form bonds with each other, creating confluent layers of conjugated cells. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that Ti-6Al-4V surfaces modified with 8 nm and 30 nm AgNPs at concentrations of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm do not produce any serious cytotoxicity toward HGFs. The initial arrest of the HGF proliferation rate recovered at 72 hours. These results on the antibacterial activity against common periodontal pathogens, in combination with the results found in a previous study by the same research group, suggest that AgNP-doped Ti-6Al-4V surfaces are potential candidates for use in implant abutments for preventing peri-implant diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Among People Who Inject Drugs after the Hiv-Outbreak in Athens, Greece: Evidence for a ‘Slow Burn’ Outbreak

Author

Kostaki, Evangelia Georgia, primary, Roussos, Sotirios, additional, Kefala, Anastasia Maria, additional, Limnaios, Stefanos, additional, Psichogiou, Mina, additional, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Nikolopoulos, Georgios K., additional, Flountzi, Eleni, additional, Friedman, Samuel R., additional, Lagiou, Pagona, additional, Hatzakis, Angelos, additional, Sypsa, Vana, additional, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, additional, Beloukas, Apostolos, additional, and Paraskevis, Dimitrios, additional

Published
2024
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12. In Vitro Chondrogenesis Induction by Short Peptides of the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of Transforming Growth Factor β1

Author

Pitou, Maria, primary, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Bratsios, Dimitrios, additional, Kefala, Georgia-Maria, additional, Tsagkarakou, Anastasia S., additional, Leonidas, Demetrios D., additional, Aggeli, Amalia, additional, Papadopoulos, Georgios E., additional, Papi, Rigini M., additional, and Choli-Papadopoulou, Theodora, additional

Published
2023
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15. Evaluation of data format quality of open government data portals in Southern EU countries.

Author

Papachristou, Eleni and Gounopoulos, Elias

Subjects
*TRANSPARENCY in government, *DATA quality, *FEDERAL government, *SOCIAL values, *LOCAL government
Abstract

During the last few years, digital data are produced, modified, and distributed freely by government organizations. According to the European Union (EU) and United Nations (UN) directives, open government data (OGD) must be available through local or central government portals providing access to a vast amount of information. However, only high-quality and easy-to-process open data may be used to extract useful information. The aim of our study is to evaluate the open data format quality provided by the central government portals for four southern EU countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal) according to Tim Berners-Lee five levels evaluation model. These countries have several cultural, geographical, economic, and social similarities, while most of them are less developed digitally, compared to other EU countries such as Finland or Denmark. According to our analysis, most published open data in Greece and Portugal are categorized as level 1 or level 2, although Portugal tries to upgrade open data format quality and publish more medium to high-quality data. On the contrary, the majority of open datasets in the Italian and Spanish governmental portals contain medium to high-level machine-readable data, while the Italian government has published many level 4 datasets with URIs. The Greek and Portuguese governments should try to enhance OGD format quality to increase the economic and social value derived from open data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Parents' and Teachers' Views on the Psychosocial Adjustment of Students with and without a History of Early Grade Retention

Author

Anastasiou, Andri I., Papachristou, Eleni M., and Diakidoy, Irene-Anna N.

Abstract

The study compared teachers' and parents' views about elementary school children's psychosocial adjustment with and without a history of early grade retention. The sample included retained and non-retained students currently in Grades Two and Four (age range 7.5 to 11.6 years) in Cypriot public schools. The retained students experienced early grade retention either in kindergarten or Grade One and, therefore, were one year older than their current classmates. Both parents and teachers of all children completed a psychosocial adjustment inventory designed to assess social, emotional, and school competence as well as behaviour problems. The findings indicated important differences between teachers and parents in their evaluation of children's psychosocial adjustment, but notable similarities in consistently evaluating early-retained children lower on all aspects of adjustment. Teachers evaluated all students lower than parents in terms of behaviour, school, and social competence. Both groups, however, considered retained students lower in social and school competence regardless of grade level. The implications of these findings in relation to evaluation aspects of psychosocial adjustment and the practice of early-grade retention are discussed.

Published
2017
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23. Low circulation of respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses during autumn-winter 2021 in the industrial workplace and long-term healthcare facilities in Athens, Greece

Author

Papachristou, Eleni, primary, Rokka, Chrysoula, additional, Sotiriadou, Triantafyllia, additional, Maneka, Leukothea, additional, Vassilakis, Alexandros, additional, Sapounas, Spyros, additional, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, additional, Jahaj, Eddison, additional, Kotanidou, Anastasia, additional, Lagiou, Pagona, additional, and Magiorkinis, Gkikas, additional

Published
2023
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26. Significance of serum HBV RNA in non‐cirrhotic HBeAg ‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue effective antiviral therapy

Author

Papatheodoridi, Margarita, primary, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Moschidis, Zissis, additional, Hadziyannis, Emilia, additional, Rigopoulou, Eirini, additional, Zachou, Kalliopi, additional, Villeret, François, additional, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, additional, Lyberopoulou, Aggeliki, additional, Gatselis, Nikolaos, additional, Vlachogiannakos, Ioannis, additional, Manolakopoulos, Spilios, additional, Dalekos, George N., additional, Zoulim, Fabien, additional, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, additional, and Papatheodoridis, George V., additional

Published
2022
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28. Significance of serum HBV RNA in non-cirrhotic HBeAgnegative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinue effective antiviral therapy.

Author

Papatheodoridi, Margarita, Papachristou, Eleni, Moschidis, Zissis, Hadziyannis, Emilia, Rigopoulou, Eirini, Zachou, Kalliopi, Villeret, François, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Lyberopoulou, Aggeliki, Gatselis, Nikolaos, Vlachogiannakos, Ioannis, Manolakopoulos, Spilios, Dalekos, George N., Zoulim, Fabien, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, and Papatheodoridis, George V.

Subjects
*CHRONIC hepatitis B, *HEPATITIS associated antigen, *HEPATITIS B virus, *RNA, *DISEASE relapse
Abstract

HBV RNA is considered as a promising predictor in patients who discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). We determined HBV RNA levels in non-cirrhotic HBeAg-negative patients who discontinued NAs and assessed their predictability for 12-month outcomes. Fifty-seven patients of DARING-B study were included. HBV RNA levels were determined in stored monthly serum samples drawn at 0–3 months after end of therapy (EOT). Other markers previously determined in the same cohort including hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) were also assessed. HBV RNA at EOT was detectable in 7% of patients, who developed virological/clinical relapse and required retreatment at month 2; in patients with undetectable EOT HBV RNA, 12-month cumulative rates of virological relapse, clinical relapse and retreatment were 68%, 28% and 21%, respectively (p ≤ 0.008). HBV RNA at month-1 after EOT was detectable in 19% of patients being associated with higher probability only of virological relapse (p = 0.001). HBV RNA levels correlated significantly to HBV DNA, HBcrAg, ALT and interferon-induced protein-10, but not HBsAg levels. Combined EOT HBV RNA and HBcrAg detection and/or HBsAg >1000 IU/ml was associated only with higher probability of retreatment having higher sensitivity and lower specificity than HBV RNA alone. In conclusion, serum HBV RNA is detectable in a minority of non-cirrhotic HBeAgnegative patients under effective long-term NAs therapy offering low sensitivity but 100% specificity for early retreatment due to severe clinical relapses after NA discontinuation. The combinations of EOT HBV RNA with HBcrAg and/or high HBsAg levels increase sensitivity but decrease specificity for prediction of retreatment after NAs withdrawal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds promote odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and in vitro biomineralization

Author

Vagropoulou, Georgia, primary, Trentsiou, Maria, additional, Georgopoulou, Anthie, additional, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Prymak, Oleg, additional, Kritis, Aristeidis, additional, Epple, Matthias, additional, Chatzinikolaidou, Maria, additional, Bakopoulou, Athina, additional, and Koidis, Petros, additional

Published
2021
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35. Evaluation of the clinical sensitivity for the quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma: Comparison of the new COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 with three current HIV-RNA assays—LCx HIV RNA quantitative, VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 3.0 (bDNA) and COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor v1.5

Author

Katsoulidou, Antigoni, Petrodaskalaki, Maria, Sypsa, Vana, Papachristou, Eleni, Anastassopoulou, Cleo G., Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Karafoulidou, Anastasia, Lazanas, Marios, Kordossis, Theodoros, Andoniadou, Anastasia, and Hatzakis, Angelos

Published
2006
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40. Μελέτη της πολυμορφίας του HCV στην Ελλάδα: αναζήτηση σπανίων στελεχών και μέθοδοι προσδιορισμού τους

Author

Papachristou Eleni

Subjects
Health Sciences, Επιστήμες Υγείας
Abstract

Η ανακάλυψη και ταυτοποίηση του ιού HCV ως τον αιτιολογικό παράγοντα των περιστατικών μη-Α, μη-Β ηπατίτιδας ήταν η αρχή για την ανάπτυξη διαφόρων μεθόδων και τεχνολογιών για την ανίχνευση και τυποποίησή του. Ο ιός HCV ανήκει στην οικογένεια Flaviviridae, γένος hepacivirus και το γονιδίωμά του είναι μονόκλωνο RNA θετικής πολικότητας που κωδικοποιεί μια πολυπρωτεϊνη από την οποία προκύπτουν οι δομικές και οι μη δομικές πρωτεϊνες του. Κύτταρα-στόχοι του ιού – στα οποία εισέρχεται με ενδοκύτωση μετά από πρόσδεση σε ειδικούς υποδοχείς- είναι τα ηπατοκύτταρα αλλά αναφέρονται και τα λεμφοκύτταρα (Β και Τ) καθώς και τα δενδριτικά και τα μονοκύτταρα. Παρόλο που το ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα καταφέρνει να περιορίσει τη λοίμωξη και να οδηγήσει σε αυτοϊαση, εντούτοις ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό ασθενών (80-85%) μεταπίπτουν σε χρονιότητα από τους οποίους το 5-25% θα φθάσουν σε στάδιο κίρρωσης διατρέχοντας τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης ηπατικής νόσου τελικού σταδίου και ηπατοκυτταρικό καρκίνο. Ο ιός HCV παρουσιάζει μεγάλη γενετική ετερογένεια, έχει παγκόσμια εξάπλωση και έχει μολύνει πάνω από 150 εκ. ανθρώπους στην υφήλιο. Διακρίνεται σε 7 γονότυπους και πολλούς υπότυπους. Η ανίχνευση και ο ποσοτικός προσδιορισμός του HCV RNA δίνουν πολύτιμες πληροφορίες τόσο για τη διάγνωση της χρόνιας λοίμωξης όσο και για την παρακολούθηση της πορείας της θεραπείας. Επιπλέον, η γνώση του γονότυπου του ιού με τον οποίο είναι μολυσμένος ο ασθενής καθορίζει τη δόση και τη διάρκεια του θεραπευτικού σχήματος και αποτελεί πολύτιμο εργαλείο για την παρακολούθηση και τη δυναμική της επιδημίας της ηπατίτιδας C σε διάφορους πληθυσμούς. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η ανάπτυξη in-house μεθόδων α) για την ανίχνευση και τον ποσοτικό προσδιορισμό του HCV RNA και β) για τον προσδιορισμό του γονότυπου του ιού HCV προκειμένου να μελετηθεί η πολυμορφία του HCV στην Ελλάδα. Σε ότι αφορά στη μέθοδο του ποσοτικού προσδιορισμού του HCV RNA στοχεύσαμε το 3΄άκρο του γονιδιώματος του ιού σε αντίθεση με όλες τις εμπορικά διαθέσιμες μεθόδους που βασίζονται στην ενίσχυση του 5΄άκρου. Μετά από πολλές δοκιμές με διάφορες πλατφόρμες και συνδυασμούς αντιδραστηρίων τελικά καταλήξαμε στη χρησιμοποίηση της τεχνολογίας της one step real time PCR (αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση της πολυμεράσης πραγματικού χρόνου σε ένα βήμα) στην πλατφόρμα Light Cycler (Roche) και η αξιοπιστία της μεθόδου ελέγχθηκε τόσο με διεθνή standards όσο και με τη σύγκρισή της με δύο εγκεκριμένες εμπορικές μεθόδους των εταιρειών Abbott και Roche. Έτσι δημιουργήθηκε μια μέθοδος που είναι γρήγορη, αξιόπιστη και χαμηλού κόστους και η οποία μπορεί να βελτιωθεί περαιτέρω. Σε ότι αφορά στη μέθοδο γονοτύπησης η μέθοδος που αναπτύχθηκε ήταν ο άμεσος προσδιορισμός της αλληλουχίας με τη διαδικασία του sequencing που αποτελεί και τη μέθοδο αναφοράς. Αρχικά σχεδιάστηκαν εκκινητές (primers) από την πολύ καλά συντηρημένη περιοχή NS5B του ιού και δοκιμάστηκαν διάφορα πρωτόκολλα PCR (αλυσιδωτής αντίδρασης της πολυμεράσης). Ακολούθησε η διαδικασία του sequencing για τη λήψη των αλληλουχιών οι οποίες στη συνέχεια επεξεργάζονταν με μεθόδους φυλογενετικής ανάλυσης. Η μέθοδος αξιολογήθηκε με διεθνή πρότυπα και έλαβε πιστοποίηση από το ΕΣΥΔ. Με τη μέθοδο αυτή τυποποιήθηκαν τα περισσότερα δείγματα που ήταν απροσδιόριστα (με τη μέθοδο του αντίστροφου υβριδισμού (LiPA)) στο εργαστήριό μας και ήταν η μέθοδος με την οποία μελετήθηκε η δυναμική της επιδημίας της ηπατίτιδας C σε ΧΕΝ (χρήστες ενδοφλεβίων ναρκωτικών) στα πλαίσια του προγράμματος «Αριστοτέλης» τα δεδομένα της οποίας δημοσιεύτηκαν σε έγκυρο επιστημονικό περιοδικό. The discovery of the HCV virus as the etiologic factor for the non A, non B hepatitis cases, led to the development of many methods and technologies for its detection and identification. HCV is a flavivirus and its genome is a single stranded RNA molecule which encodes for a polyprotein which provides the structural and non structural proteins of the virus. The target cells for HCV are the hepatocytes as well as B and T lymphocytes, dendritic and mononuclear cells which the virus enters throygh endocytosis. Although the immune system manages to clear the virus a large number (80-85%) of patients become chronic carriers from which about 5-25% will develop chirrossis, end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV has a great genetic diversity, is spread worldwide having infected more than 150 million of people and is classified in seven major genotypes and many subtypes. The detection and quantification of thw HCV RNA are valuable tools for monitoring the chronic infection and the outcome of the therapy. Furthermore, knowing the genotype with which a patient is infected is crucial for the choice of the therary regimen. The aim of this study was to develop two in house methods a) for the detection and quantification of the HCV RNA and b) for the determination of the genotype in order to study the diversity of HCV in Greece. For the quantification method we targeted at the 3’UTR end of the genome in contrast to all the commercially available methods which target the 5’end. After experimenting with different types of reagents and enzymes and on different platforms we finally chose the technology of one step real time RT PCR on the Light Cycler platform (Roche). The method was validated with international standards and was evaluated with two commercially available methods from Abbott and Roche with excellent results. The method is quick, reliable and low cost and can be further developed. For the HCV genotyping we developed a method based on the sequencing of the NS5B region of the genome. We designed primers and tried many PCR protocols. The obtained sequences were analysed with phylogenetic analysis methods. The method was validated with international standards and was certified by ΕΣΥΔ. With this method we genotyped most of the undetermined samples (by other methods) in our lab and mainly we studied the HCV dispersal pattern among IDUs (intravenous drug users) in Athens as part of the “Aristotle” programme.

Published
2017

41. Detailed Molecular Surveillance of the HIV-1 Outbreak Among People who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Athens During a Period of Four Years

Author

Kostaki, Evangelia, primary, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, additional, Psichogiou, Mina, additional, Flampouris, Andreas, additional, Iliopoulos, Panos, additional, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Daikos, Georgios L., additional, Bonovas, Stefanos, additional, Otelea, Dan, additional, Friedman, Samuel R., additional, Hatzakis, Angelos, additional, and Paraskevis, Dimitrios, additional

Published
2018
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43. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in vitro by solvent-extractable organic matter of size-segregated urban particulate matter

Author

Velali, Ekaterini, primary, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Pantazaki, Anastasia, additional, Choli-Papadopoulou, Theodora, additional, Argyrou, Nikoleta, additional, Tsourouktsoglou, Theodora, additional, Lialiaris, Stergios, additional, Constantinidis, Alexandros, additional, Lykidis, Dimitrios, additional, Lialiaris, Thedore S., additional, Besis, Athanasios, additional, Voutsa, Dimitra, additional, and Samara, Constantini, additional

Published
2016
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45. Odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells inside Mg-based bioceramic scaffolds under low-level laser treatment

Author

Theocharidou, Anna, primary, Bakopoulou, Athina, additional, Kontonasaki, Eleana, additional, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Hadjichristou, Christina, additional, Bousnaki, Maria, additional, Theodorou, George, additional, Papadopoulou, Lambrini, additional, Kantiranis, Nikolaos, additional, Paraskevopoulos, Konstantinos, additional, and Koidis, Petros, additional

Published
2016
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46. Redox activity and in vitro bioactivity of the water-soluble fraction of urban particulate matter in relation to particle size and chemical composition

Author

Velali, Ekaterini, primary, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Pantazaki, Anastasia, additional, Choli-Papadopoulou, Theodora, additional, Planou, Styliani, additional, Kouras, Athanasios, additional, Manoli, Evangelia, additional, Besis, Athanasios, additional, Voutsa, Dimitra, additional, and Samara, Constantini, additional

Published
2016
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47. Sol-Gel Derived Mg-Based Ceramic Scaffolds Doped with Zinc or Copper Ions: Preliminary Results on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Author

Theodorou, Georgios S., primary, Kontonasaki, Eleana, additional, Theocharidou, Anna, additional, Bakopoulou, Athina, additional, Bousnaki, Maria, additional, Hadjichristou, Christina, additional, Papachristou, Eleni, additional, Papadopoulou, Lambrini, additional, Kantiranis, Nikolaos A., additional, Chrissafis, Konstantinos, additional, Paraskevopoulos, Konstantinos M., additional, and Koidis, Petros T., additional

Published
2016
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49. Detailed Molecular Surveillance of the HIV-1 Outbreak Among People who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Athens During a Period of Four Years

Author

Kostaki, Evangelia, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Psichogiou, Mina, Flampouris, Andreas, Iliopoulos, Panos, Papachristou, Eleni, Daikos, Georgios L., Bonovas, Stefanos, Otelea, Dan, Friedman, Samuel R., Hatzakis, Angelos, and Paraskevis, Dimitrios

Abstract

Background: New diagnoses of HIV-1 infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) increased significantly during 2011 in Athens. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the patterns of HIV epidemic spread among PWID and to estimate the transmission dynamics for the major local transmission networks (LTNs). Methods: We analyzed sequences from 2,274 HIV-infected subjects sampled in Greece during 01/01/2011-31/10/2014. Of specimens in our sample, 874 sequences were isolated from HIV-infected PWID. Phylodynamic analysis was performed using birth-death serial skyline models. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of sequences from PWID (N=746, 85.4%) fell within four LTNs: CRF14_BG (N=456, 58.3%), CRF35_AD (N=149, 19.1%), subtype B (N=118, 15.1%) and A1 (N=59, 7.5%). In addition to PWID, we also found that sequences from 36 non-PWID belonged to the LTNs corresponding to cross-group transmissions. Based on the estimated plots of the effective reproductive number (Re) over time, subtype A1 and CRF35_AD LTNs showed a sharp increase before and during 2011 (maximum value of Re=3.0 and Re=4.6, respectively). For subtype B and CRF14_BG LTNs, the Re was increasing until the end of 2012 (maximum value of Re=3.2 and Re=3.0, respectively). Conclusion: HIV transmissions within subtype A1 and CRF35_AD LTNs increased sharply during the early stage of the outbreak, in contrast to subtype B and CRF14_BG. A significant reduction in the number of infections was estimated on all transmission networks from the beginning of 2013 onwards. Prevention measures that took place in the Athens metropolitan area at the end of 2012 including also the ARISTOTLE program may explain this decrease.

Published
2017

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