141 results on '"Papaarangi Reid"'
Search Results
2. Indigenous bridging/foundation education: student feedback on programme successes, challenges and opportunities
- Author
-
Anneka Anderson, Elana Curtis, Melaney Tkatch, Belinda Loring, Sue Reddy, Kanewa Stokes, Wills Nepia, Tracey Winter, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Student learning ,Foundation/bridging ,Indigenous education ,Māori ,Pacific ,Education - Abstract
Abstract Hikitia te Ora (Certificate in Health Sciences) is a 1 year Indigenous bridging foundation programme at the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. The programme aims to increase Māori and Pacific health workforce representation. This qualitative study applied a Kaupapa Māori positioning to elucidate the strengths, challenges, and opportunities of the programme. Data were collected through two workshops and seven focus groups with a total of 67 participants who were students of Hikitia te Ora from past and present cohorts, or their family members. Using a general inductive thematic analysis, the primary themes identified were that programme successes encompassed whanaungatanga (process of establishing relationships), academic and pastoral support, programme structure and the teaching content. Challenges included social cliques and divisive social groupings, timetabling of courses and high workloads. The three areas that emerged for further development include extending Pacific content, increasing the number of students in the programme, and maintaining a programme-specific study space for students. Implementing the findings from this study into Hikitia te Ora is expected to improve educational outcomes for Māori and Pacific students and may have the potential to benefit other bridging foundation courses aiming to promote Indigenous health workforce development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Examining the impact of COVID-19 on Māori:non-Māori health inequities in Aotearoa, New Zealand: an observational study protocol
- Author
-
Yannan Jiang, Bridget Robson, Papaarangi Reid, Sarah-Jane Paine, Melissa McLeod, Rebekah Jaung, Elana Curtis, June Atkinson, Jade Tamatea, and Ricci B Harris
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had both direct and indirect impacts on the health of populations worldwide. While racial/ethnic health inequities in COVID-19 infection are now well known (and ongoing), knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic management on non-COVID-19-related outcomes for Indigenous peoples is less well understood. This article presents the study protocol for the Health Research Council of New Zealand funded project ‘Mā te Mōhio ka Mārama: Impact of COVID-19 on Māori:non-Māori inequities’. The study aims to explore changes in access to healthcare, quality of healthcare and health outcomes for Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and non-Māori during the COVID-19 outbreak period across NZ.Methods and analysis This observational study is framed within a Kaupapa Māori research positioning that includes Kaupapa Māori epidemiology. National datasets will be used to report on access to healthcare, quality of healthcare and health outcomes between Māori and non-Māori during the COVID-19 pandemic in NZ. Study periods are defined as (a) prepandemic period (2015–2019), (b) first pandemic year without COVID-19 vaccines (2020) and (c) pandemic period with COVID-19 vaccines (2021 onwards). Regional and national differences between Māori and non-Māori will be explored in two phases focused on identified health priority areas for NZ including (1) mortality, cancer, long-term conditions, first 1000 days, mental health and (2) rheumatic fever.Ethics and dissemination This study has ethical approval from the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee (AHREC AH26253). An advisory group will work with the project team to disseminate the findings of this project via project-specific meetings, peer-reviewed publications and a project-specific website. The overall intention of the project is to highlight areas requiring health policy and practice interventions to address Indigenous inequities in health resulting from COVID-19 pandemic management (both historical and in the future).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Indigenous adaptation of a model for understanding the determinants of ethnic health inequities
- Author
-
Elana Curtis, Rhys Jones, Esther Willing, Anneka Anderson, Sarah-Jane Paine, Sarah Herbert, Belinda Loring, Gulay Dalgic, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Indigenous ,Health inequities ,Colonisation ,Racism ,Privilege ,Determinants of health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Abstract Examining the pathways and causes of ethnic inequities in health is integral to devising effective interventions. Explanations set the scope for solutions. Understandings of ethnic health inequities are often situated in victim blaming and cultural deficit explanations, rather than in the root causes. For Indigenous populations, colonisation and racism are fundemental determinants of health inequities. Using a conceptual framework can support understanding of the fundamental causes of Indigenous health inequities. This article presents an Indigenous adaptation of the ‘Williams model’ for understanding the causes of racial/ethnic disparities in health. The Te Kupenga Hauora Māori modified model foregrounds colonisation as a critical determinant of health inequities, underpinning all levels from basic to surface causes. The modified model also attempts to reflect the dynamic interplay between causes at different levels, rather than a simple unidirectional relationship. We include the influence of worldviews/positioning as a cause and emphasise that privilege alongside racism plays a causative role in Indigenous health inequities. We also critique some of the limitations of this framework in reflecting the complex pathways of causation for ethnic health inequities, and indicate areas for further strengthening.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Health literacy in Aotearoa New Zealand – what every medical student needs to do
- Author
-
Carla White, Susan Reid, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Health literacy is our ability to manage our wellbeing at a particular point in time given the range of demands placed on us by the way the health system and health services are organised and delivered. These complex demands also include how access to health professionals is controlled and how health information is provided. It can be useful to think of health literacy as a dynamic state of knowledge, skills, and cognitive space relative to need. This helps us to recognise the ever-changing knowledge, skills, and cognitive space we need to manage our wellbeing through life. This dynamic state can also describe our wellbeing at an individual and whānau level with people experiencing many health changes over a lifetime, and disease understanding, treatment and prevention advice continuing to evolve. These constant changes to our health system and within our personal experiences means every person will have health literacy needs at some point.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis
- Author
-
Emma Wyeth, Papaarangi Reid, Sarah-Jane Paine, Esther J Willing, Braden Te Ao, Rhema Vaithianathan, and Belinda Loring
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Objectives Despite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Quantitative epidemiological methods and ‘cost-of-illness’ (COI) methodology were employed, within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework.Setting Data for 2003–2014 were obtained from national data collections held by NZ government agencies, including hospitalisations, mortality, outpatient and primary care consultations, laboratory and pharmaceutical usage and accident claims.Participants All adults in NZ aged 15 years and above who had engagement with the health system between 2003 and 2014 (deidentified).Primary and secondary outcome measures Rates of ‘potentially avoidable’ hospitalisations and mortality as well as ‘excess or underutilisation’ of healthcare were calculated, as the difference between actual rates for Māori and the rate expected if Māori had the same rates as non-Māori. These differences were then quantified using COI methodology to estimate the financial cost of ethnic inequities.Results In this conservative estimate, health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults cost NZ$863.3 million per year. Direct costs of NZ$39.9 million per year included costs from ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations and outpatient care, with cost savings from underutilisation of primary care. Indirect costs of NZ$823.4 million per year came from years of life lost and lost wages.Conclusions Indigenous adult health inequities in NZ create significant direct and indirect costs. The ‘cost of doing nothing’ is predominantly borne by Indigenous communities and society. The net cost of adult health inequities to the government conceals substantial savings to the government from underutilisation of primary care and accident/injury care.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition
- Author
-
Elana Curtis, Rhys Jones, David Tipene-Leach, Curtis Walker, Belinda Loring, Sarah-Jane Paine, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Cultural safety ,Cultural competency ,Indigenous ,Māori ,Disparities ,Inequity ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Eliminating indigenous and ethnic health inequities requires addressing the determinants of health inequities which includes institutionalised racism, and ensuring a health care system that delivers appropriate and equitable care. There is growing recognition of the importance of cultural competency and cultural safety at both individual health practitioner and organisational levels to achieve equitable health care. Some jurisdictions have included cultural competency in health professional licensing legislation, health professional accreditation standards, and pre-service and in-service training programmes. However, there are mixed definitions and understandings of cultural competency and cultural safety, and how best to achieve them. Methods A literature review of 59 international articles on the definitions of cultural competency and cultural safety was undertaken. Findings were contextualised to the cultural competency legislation, statements and initiatives present within Aotearoa New Zealand, a national Symposium on Cultural Competence and Māori Health, convened by the Medical Council of New Zealand and Te Ohu Rata o Aotearoa – Māori Medical Practitioners Association (Te ORA) and consultation with Māori medical practitioners via Te ORA. Results Health practitioners, healthcare organisations and health systems need to be engaged in working towards cultural safety and critical consciousness. To do this, they must be prepared to critique the ‘taken for granted’ power structures and be prepared to challenge their own culture and cultural systems rather than prioritise becoming ‘competent’ in the cultures of others. The objective of cultural safety activities also needs to be clearly linked to achieving health equity. Healthcare organisations and authorities need to be held accountable for providing culturally safe care, as defined by patients and their communities, and as measured through progress towards achieving health equity. Conclusions A move to cultural safety rather than cultural competency is recommended. We propose a definition for cultural safety that we believe to be more fit for purpose in achieving health equity, and clarify the essential principles and practical steps to operationalise this approach in healthcare organisations and workforce development. The unintended consequences of a narrow or limited understanding of cultural competency are discussed, along with recommendations for how a broader conceptualisation of these terms is important.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The effect of implementing an aseptic practice bundle for anaesthetists to reduce postoperative infections, the Anaesthetists Be Cleaner (ABC) study: protocol for a stepped wedge, cluster randomised, multi-site trial
- Author
-
Alan F. Merry, Derryn A. Gargiulo, Ian Bissett, David Cumin, Kerry English, Christopher Frampton, Richard Hamblin, Jacqueline Hannam, Matthew Moore, Papaarangi Reid, Sally Roberts, Elsa Taylor, Simon J. Mitchell, and the ABC Study Group
- Subjects
Postoperative infection ,Anaesthesia ,Surgery ,Patient safety ,Prevention ,Stepped wedge ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Postoperative infection is a serious problem in New Zealand and internationally with considerable human and financial costs. Also, in New Zealand, certain factors that contribute to postoperative infection are more common in Māori and Pacific populations. To date, most efforts to reduce postoperative infection have focussed on surgical aspects of care and on antibiotic prophylaxis, but recent research shows that anaesthesia providers may also have an impact on infection transmission. These providers sometimes exhibit imperfect hand hygiene and frequently transfer the blood or saliva of their patients to their work environment. In addition, intravenous medications may become contaminated whilst being drawn up and administered to patients. Working with relevant practitioners and other experts, we have developed an evidence-informed bundle to improve key aseptic practices by anaesthetists with the aim of reducing postoperative infection. The key elements of the bundle are the filtering of compatible drugs, context-relevant hand hygiene practices and enhanced maintenance of clean work surfaces. Methods We will seek support for implementation of the bundle from senior anaesthesia and hospital leadership and departmental “champions”. Anaesthetic teams and recovery room staff will be educated about the bundle and its potential benefits through presentations, written material and illustrative videos. We will implement the bundle in operating rooms where hip or knee arthroplasty or cardiac surgery procedures are undertaken in a five-site, stepped wedge, cluster randomised, quality improvement design. We will compare outcomes between approximately 5000 cases before and 5000 cases after implementation of our bundle. Outcome data will be collected from existing national and hospital databases. Our primary outcome will be days alive and out of hospital to 90 days, which is expected to reflect all serious postoperative infections. Our secondary outcome will be the rate of surgical site infection. Aseptic practice will be observed in sampled cases in each cluster before and after implementation of the bundle. Discussion If effective, our bundle may offer a practical clinical intervention to reduce postoperative infection and its associated substantial human and financial costs. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618000407291. Registered on 21 March 2018.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effect of a text message intervention on alcohol-related harms and behaviours: secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Sarah Sharpe, Bridget Kool, Robyn Whittaker, Arier C. Lee, Papaarangi Reid, Ian Civil, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
Alcohol drinking ,Injuries ,Cell phones ,Text messaging ,mHealth intervention ,brief intervention for harm (BI) ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Mobile Health approaches show promise as a delivery mode for alcohol screening and brief intervention. The ‘YourCall’ trial evaluated the effect of a low-intensity mobile phone text message brief intervention compared with usual care on hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harms among injured adults. This paper extends our previously published primary outcome analysis which revealed a significant reduction in hazardous drinking associated with the intervention at 3 months, with the effect maintained across 12 months follow-up. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours (secondary outcomes) at 12-months follow-up. Results A parallel two-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 598 injured inpatients aged 16–69 years identified as having medium-risk hazardous drinking. Logistic regression models applied to 12-month follow-up data showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours. Although this text message intervention led to a significant reduction in hazardous alcohol consumption (previously published primary outcome), changes in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help seeking behaviours at 12-months follow up (secondary outcomes) were small and non-significant. Trial registration ACTRN12612001220853. Retrospectively registered 19 November 2012.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The experience of gestational diabetes for indigenous Māori women living in rural New Zealand: qualitative research informing the development of decolonising interventions
- Author
-
Jennifer Reid, Anneka Anderson, Donna Cormack, Papaarangi Reid, and Matire Harwood
- Subjects
Gestational diabetes ,Type 2 diabetes ,Indigenous ,Māori ,Decolonising ,Kaupapa Māori ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Although early detection and management of excess rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Indigenous women can substantially reduce maternal and offspring complications, current interventions seem ineffective for Indigenous women. While undertaking a qualitative study in a rural community in Northland, New Zealand about the complexities of living with diabetes, we observed a common emotional discourse about the burden of diabetic pregnancies. Given the significance of GDM and our commitment to give voice to Indigenous Māori women in ways that could potentially inform solutions, we aimed to explore the phenomenon of GDM among Māori women in a rural context marked by high area-deprivation. Method A qualitative and Kaupapa Māori methodology was utilised. A sub-sample of women (n = 10) from a broader study designed to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had experienced GDM or pre-existing diabetes during pregnancy and/or had been exposed to diabetes in utero were interviewed. Participants in the broader study were recruited via the local primary care clinic. Experiences of GDM, in relation to their current T2DM, was sought. Narrative data was analysed for themes. Results Intergenerational experiences informed perceptions that GDM was an inevitable heritable illness that “just runs in the family.” The cumulative effects of deprivation and living with GDM compounded the complexities of participant’ lives including perceptions of powerlessness and mental health deterioration. Missed opportunities for health services to detect and manage diabetes had ongoing health consequences for the women and their offspring. Positive relationships with healthcare providers facilitated management of GDM and helped women engage with self-management. Conclusion Māori women living with T2DM were clear that health providers had failed to intervene in ways that would have potentially slowed or prevented progression of GDM to T2DM. Participants revealed missed opportunities for appropriate diagnostic testing, treatment and health promotion programmes for GDM. Poor collaboration between health services and social services meant psychosocial issues were rarely addressed and the cycle of intergenerational poverty and disadvantage prevailed. These data highlight opportunities for extended case management to include whānau (family) engagement, input from social services, and evidence-based medicine and/or long-term management and prevention of T2DM.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Effect of a text message intervention to reduce hazardous drinking among injured patients discharged from a trauma ward: a randomized controlled trial
- Author
-
Sarah Sharpe, Bridget Kool, Robyn Whittaker, Arier C. Lee, Papaarangi Reid, Ian Civil, Matthew Walker, Vanessa Thornton, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Mobile health text message intervention to reduce hazardous drinking Mobile phone text messages reduce dangerous patterns of alcohol consumption and could help prevent alcohol-related injuries. A trial carried out in New Zealand led by Sarah Sharpe at the University of Auckland examined the effect of sending 16 automated text messages over a four-week period to 299 adults discharged from hospital following an injury and identified as moderate risk hazardous drinkers. The messages, which encouraged patients to reduce their alcohol consumption and offered information on how to do so in an easy-to-understand and non-judgemental manner, reduced hazardous drinking throughout the 12-month follow-up period compared with a control group that received usual care. These findings suggest that text message interventions are an effective, low cost and easily scalable solution to curb harmful alcohol consumption.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Effectiveness of the YourCall™ text message intervention to reduce harmful drinking in patients discharged from trauma wards: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Shanthi Ameratunga, Bridget Kool, Sarah Sharpe, Papaarangi Reid, Arier Lee, Ian Civil, Gordon Smith, Vanessa Thornton, Matthew Walker, and Robyn Whittaker
- Subjects
Alcohol use ,Text messaging ,Wounds and injuries ,Brief intervention ,Motivational interviewing ,Trauma centers ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Behavioural brief interventions (BI) can support people to reduce harmful drinking but multiple barriers impede the delivery and equitable access to these. To address this challenge, we developed YourCall™, a novel short message service (SMS) text message intervention incorporating BI principles. This protocol describes a trial evaluating the effectiveness of YourCall™ (compared to usual care) in reducing hazardous drinking and alcohol related harm among injured adults who received in-patient care. Methods/design Participants recruited to this single-blind randomised controlled trial comprised patients aged 16-69 years in three trauma-admitting hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. Those who screened positive for moderately hazardous drinking were randomly assigned by computer to usual care (control group) or the intervention. The latter comprised 16 informational and motivational text messages delivered using an automated system over the four weeks following discharge. The primary outcome is the difference in mean AUDIT-C score between the intervention and control groups at 3 months, with the maintenance of the effect examined at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes comprised the health and social impacts of heavy drinking ascertained through a web-survey at 12 months, and further injuries identified through probabilistic linkage to national databases on accident insurance, hospital discharges, and mortality. Research staff evaluating outcomes were blinded to allocation. Intention-to-treat analyses will include assessment of interactions based on ethnicity (Māori compared with non-Māori). Discussion If found to be effective, this mobile health strategy has the potential to overcome current barriers to implementing equitably accessible interventions that can reduce harmful drinking. Trial registration Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1134-0028. ACTRN12612001220853 . Submitted 8 November 2012 (date of enrolment of first participant); Version 1 registration confirmed 19 November 2012. Retrospectively registered.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Indigenous Bridging/Foundation Education: Student Feedback on Programme Successes, Challenges and Opportunities
- Author
-
Anneka Anderson, Elana Curtis, Melaney Tkatch, Belinda Loring, Sue Reddy, Kanewa Stokes, Wills Nepia, Tracey Winter, and Papaarangi Reid
- Abstract
Hikitia te Ora (Certificate in Health Sciences) is a 1 year Indigenous bridging foundation programme at the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. The programme aims to increase Maori and Pacific health workforce representation. This qualitative study applied a Kaupapa Maori positioning to elucidate the strengths, challenges, and opportunities of the programme. Data were collected through two workshops and seven focus groups with a total of 67 participants who were students of Hikitia te Ora from past and present cohorts, or their family members. Using a general inductive thematic analysis, the primary themes identified were that programme successes encompassed whanaungatanga (process of establishing relationships), academic and pastoral support, programme structure and the teaching content. Challenges included social cliques and divisive social groupings, timetabling of courses and high workloads. The three areas that emerged for further development include extending Pacific content, increasing the number of students in the programme, and maintaining a programme-specific study space for students. Implementing the findings from this study into Hikitia te Ora is expected to improve educational outcomes for Maori and Pacific students and may have the potential to benefit other bridging foundation courses aiming to promote Indigenous health workforce development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Access to advanced-level hospital care: differences in prehospital times calculated using incident locations compared with patients’ usual residence
- Author
-
Gabrielle Davie, Rebbecca Lilley, Brandon de Graaf, Bridget Dicker, Charles Branas, Shanthi Ameratunga, Ian Civil, Papaarangi Reid, and Bridget Kool
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,Drowning ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Hospitals - Abstract
Studies estimate that 84% of the USA and New Zealand’s (NZ) resident populations have timely access (within 60 min) to advanced-level hospital care. Our aim was to assess whether usual residence (ie, home address) is a suitable proxy for location of injury incidence. In this observational study, injury fatalities registered in NZ’s Mortality Collection during 2008–2012 were linked to Coronial files. Estimated access times via emergency medical services were calculated using locations of incident and home. Using incident locations, 73% (n=4445/6104) had timely access to care compared with 77% when using home location. Access calculations using patients’ home locations overestimated timely access, especially for those injured in industrial/construction areas (18%; 95% CI 6% to 29%) and from drowning (14%; 95% CI 7% to 22%). When considering timely access to definitive care, using the location of the injury as the origin provides important information for health system planning.
- Published
- 2021
15. Medical students and informed consent-response to 'Consent for Teaching'
- Author
-
Sarah C, Rennie, Alan F, Merry, Suzanne, Pitama, Papaarangi, Reid, Jeanne, Snelling, Simon, Walker, Tim, Wilkinson, and Warwick, Bagg
- Subjects
Students, Medical ,Informed Consent ,Humans ,New Zealand - Abstract
Nil.
- Published
- 2022
16. Analysis of deprivation distribution in New Zealand by ethnicity, 1991-2013
- Author
-
Belinda, Loring, Sarah-Jane, Paine, Bridget, Robson, and Papaarangi, Reid
- Subjects
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Censuses ,Poverty ,New Zealand - Abstract
To compare the distribution of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European populations in Aotearoa New Zealand by neighbourhood deprivation, for the five censuses between 1991 and 2013, and to identify changes in the distribution pattern over time.Geographical meshblock data from the 1991-2013 New Zealand censuses, by NZDep Index deprivation score, and by prioritised ethnic group population, were combined to analyse ethnic population counts by deprivation decile and deprivation score. Trends over time were analysed.Māori were over-represented in the more deprived NZDep deciles and under-represented in the least deprived deciles for all census periods. The NZ European population were over-represented in the least deprived deciles, and under-represented in the more deprived deciles. In each census, over 40% of the Māori population have been living in the two most deprived deciles, compared to less than 15% for NZ European.The patterns of inequity in socio-economic deprivation between Māori and NZ Europeans have remained virtually unchanged since 1991, despite various Government commitments to reduce inequity. Socio-economic deprivation for Māori is a key determinant of health inequity, and bolder Government measures prioritised for Māori are needed to change this socio-economic gradient if health equity goals are to be met.
- Published
- 2022
17. 374 Access to specialist care and injury survivability: a study of prehospital fatalities
- Author
-
Gabrielle Davie, Rebbecca Lilley, Brandon de Graaf, Shanthi Ameratunga, Bridget Dicker, Ian Civil, Papaarangi Reid, Charles Branas, and Bridget Kool
- Published
- 2022
18. 362 Potential survivability of prehospital injury deaths in New Zealand
- Author
-
Bridget Kool, Gabrielle Davie, Brendan de Graaf, Papaarangi Reid, Charles Branas, Ian Civil, Bridget Dicker, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Published
- 2022
19. Examining emergency department inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand: Findings from a national retrospective observational study examining Indigenous emergency care outcomes
- Author
-
Yannan Jiang, Peter A. Jones, Olivia Healey, Sarah-Jane Paine, Elana Curtis, Papaarangi Reid, and Inia Tomash
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Context (language use) ,Retrospective cohort study ,Odds ratio ,Emergency department ,Aotearoa ,medicine.disease ,Triage ,Comorbidity ,Family medicine ,Acute care ,Ethnicity ,Emergency Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,New Zealand ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence that EDs may not operate equitably for all patients, with Indigenous and minoritised ethnicity patients experiencing longer wait times for assessment, differential pain management and less evaluation and treatment of acute conditions. METHODS This retrospective observational study used a Kaupapa Māori framework to investigate ED admissions into 18/20 District Health Boards in Aotearoa New Zealand (2006-2012). Key pre-admission variable was ethnicity (Māori:non-Māori), and outcome variables included: ED self-discharge; ED arrival to assessment time; hospital re-admission within 72 h; ED re-presentation within 72 h; ED length of stay; ward length of stay; access block and mortality (in ED or within 10 days of ED departure). Generalised linear regression models controlled for year of presentation, sex, age, deprivation, triage category and comorbidity. RESULTS Despite some ED process measures favouring Māori, for example arrival to assessment time (mean difference -2.14 min; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.42 to -1.86) and access block (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.87-0.91), others showed no difference, for example self-discharge (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00). Despite this, Māori mortality (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.50-1.71) and ED re-presentation (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09-1.12) were higher than non-Māori. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive investigation of acute outcomes by ethnicity to date in New Zealand. We found ED mortality inequities that are unlikely to be explained by ED process measures or comorbidities. Our findings reinforce the need to investigate health professional bias and institutional racism within an acute care context.
- Published
- 2021
20. Valuing indigenous wisdom: invited comment
- Author
-
Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
21. Evaluating the impact of prehospital care on mortality following major trauma in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study
- Author
-
Shanthi Ameratunga, Ian Civil, Charles C. Branas, Rebbecca Lilley, Papaarangi Reid, Brandon de Graaf, Bridget Kool, Gabrielle Davie, and Bridget Dicker
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,business.industry ,Major trauma ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Hospitals ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohort ,Health care ,Propensity score matching ,medicine ,Emergency medical services ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical emergency ,business ,New Zealand ,Retrospective Studies ,Cohort study ,Cause of death - Abstract
BackgroundInjury is a leading cause of death and health loss in New Zealand and internationally. The potentially fatal or severe consequences of many injuries can be reduced through an optimally structured prehospital trauma care system that can provide timely and appropriate care.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between emergency medical services (EMS) care and survival to hospital for major trauma cases in New Zealand.MethodsThis project is a retrospective cohort study of New Zealand major trauma cases attended by EMS providers over a 2-year period. Outcomes include survival to hospital and survival in hospital for at least 24 hours. The project has three phases: (1) identification of the cohort and assembling a bespoke longitudinal dataset linking EMS, New Zealand Major Trauma Registry and Coronial data; (2) describing the pathways and processes of care to inform an investigation of the relationships between types of EMS care and survival using propensity score modelling to adjust for case-mix differences; (3) assessment of the implications for future practice, policy and research.DiscussionThe study findings will help identify opportunities to optimise the delivery of EMS care in New Zealand by informing the development or revision of existing major trauma EMS policies and guidelines, and to provide a baseline for monitoring the impact of future initiatives. Establishing an evidence-base will support a whole-of-system appraisal that could include broader complex variables relating to healthcare services throughout the continuum of trauma care.
- Published
- 2021
22. Indigenous secondary school recruitment into tertiary health professional study: a qualitative study of student and whānau worldviews on the strengths, challenges and opportunities of the Whakapiki Ake Project
- Author
-
Sue Kistanna, Melaney Tkatch, Elana Curtis, Carrie Bryers, Kanewa Stokes, Anneka Anderson, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Medical education ,Health professionals ,Tertiary study ,Workforce ,Sociology ,Indigenous ,Education ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Addressing the underrepresentation of Māori in the health workforce is expected to improve Māori health status and contribute to a reduction in Māori health inequities. This research aimed to under...
- Published
- 2021
23. Protecting Indigenous Māori in surgical research: a collective stance
- Author
-
Maxine Ronald, Rachelle L. Love, Papaarangi Reid, Jonathan Koea, Jaclyn Aramoana, Suzanne Pitama, Lisa Brown, Elana Curtis, Matire Harwood, and Jamie-Lee Rahiri
- Subjects
Surgical research ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,business.industry ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Engineering ethics ,General Medicine ,business ,Indigenous ,New Zealand - Published
- 2020
24. Examining emergency department inequities: Descriptive analysis of national data (2006–2012)
- Author
-
Olivia Healey, Papaarangi Reid, Inia Raumati, Yannan Jiang, Peter A. Jones, Elana Curtis, Sarah-Jane Paine, and Inia Tomash
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Referral ,Ethnic group ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Population Groups ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,indigenous ,Retrospective Studies ,Original Research ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,Aotearoa ,medicine.disease ,Triage ,Comorbidity ,inequity ,Family medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,New Zealand - Abstract
Objective Internationally, Indigenous and minoritised ethnic groups experience longer wait times, differential pain management and less evaluation and treatment for acute conditions within emergency medicine care. Examining ED Inequities (EEDI) aims to investigate whether inequities between Māori and non‐Māori exist within EDs in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). This article presents the descriptive findings for the present study. Methods A retrospective observational study framed from a Kaupapa Māori positioning, EEDI uses secondary data from emergency medicine admissions into 18/20 District Health Boards in NZ between 2006 and 2012. Data sources include variables from the Shorter Stays in ED National Research Project database and comorbidity data from NZ's National Minimum Dataset. The key predictor of interest is patient ethnicity with descriptive variables, including sex, age group, area deprivation, mode of presentation, referral method, Australasian Triage Scale and trauma status. Results There were a total of 5 972 102 ED events (1 168 944 Māori, 4 803 158 non‐Māori). We found an increasing proportion of ED events per year, with a higher proportion of Māori from younger age groups and areas of high deprivation compared to non‐Māori events. Māori also had a higher proportion of self‐referral and were triaged to be seen within a longer time frame compared to non‐Māori. Conclusion Our findings show that there are different patterns of ED usage when comparing Māori and non‐Māori events. The next level of analysis of the EEDI dataset will be to examine whether there are any associations between ethnicity and ED outcomes for Māori and non‐Māori patients., Examining ED Inequities aims to investigate whether inequities between Māori and non‐Māori exist within EDs in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article presents the descriptive findings for this study. Our findings show that there are different patterns of ED usage when comparing Māori and non‐Māori events.
- Published
- 2020
25. Navigating fundamental tensions towards a decolonial relational vision of planetary health
- Author
-
Rhys Jones, Papaarangi Reid, and Alexandra Macmillan
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Planetary health has an important role to play in guiding humanity towards a healthy, equitable, and sustainable future. However, given planetary health's dominant colonial and capitalist underpinning ideologies, it risks reinscribing the same exploitative power dynamics that are fundamental drivers of global ecological collapse. In this Personal View, we reaffirm the need for a vision of planetary health grounded in Indigenous epistemologies, which centre relational ecocentric norms and values. We identify key tensions that planetary health scholars, practitioners, and advocates need to engage with to inform action. Finally, we offer suggestions for working progressively towards a decolonial vision of planetary health that recognises our obligations to all our (human and more-than-human) relations. The themes explored in this Personal View bring together our perspectives, strongly centring Indigenous understandings but also referencing ideas and positions emerging from a relational space between Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars.
- Published
- 2022
26. Indigenous voices on measuring and valuing health states
- Author
-
Rhema Vaithianathan, Emma H. Wyeth, Sarah-Jane Paine, Papaarangi Reid, Esther Willing, and Braden Te Ao
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,History ,0302 clinical medicine ,030503 health policy & services ,Anthropology ,Environmental ethics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,0305 other medical science ,Health states ,Indigenous - Abstract
The philosophical assumptions that underpin the way in which health states are valued within economic measures of health are rarely made explicit and fail to capture the experiences of Indigenous peoples. Within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical paradigm, in-depth interviews were conducted with six Māori key informants who had cared for whānau (family) members through illness to give voice to dimensions of health and illness that Western economic measures of health fail to capture. An Indigenous measure of health needs to consider the individual within the context of the collective and the environment that they are connected to. Economic measures of health are widely used to inform decisions about resource allocation that have significant impacts on Indigenous health outcomes. This article sets out to start a conversation around what an Indigenous measure of health might look like and how it might value key dimensions of health.
- Published
- 2019
27. The health of Indigenous peoples
- Author
-
Papaarangi Reid, Donna Cormack, Sarah-Jane Paine, Rhys Jones, Elana Curtis, and Matire Harwood
- Abstract
In this chapter, the health needs and rights of Indigenous peoples are discussed. This discussion covers current challenges beginning with how indigeneity is defined. Within this context, current data on Indigenous health are described with a critique of how Indigenous health is framed. In an attempt to make sense of global patterns of the health of Indigenous peoples, these data are contextualized within our colonial histories, the legacies of historical and intergenerational trauma, differential access to and through health and social services, differential quality of services received by Indigenous peoples, and the under-representation of Indigenous peoples in the health workforce. The latter part of the chapter outlines important considerations for progress towards health equity for Indigenous peoples, especially the foundational right to self-determination and what this means for Indigenous health, from health services, to interventions, research, and Indigenous knowledge. As the world faces significant new health challenges, Indigenous knowledges and ways of being may offer important insights into managing these challenges.
- Published
- 2021
28. Calling forth our pasts, citing our futures: an envisioning of a Kaupapa Māori citational practice
- Author
-
Hana Burgess, Papaarangi Reid, and Donna Cormack
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Health (social science) ,Anthropology ,Media studies ,Sociology ,Futures contract ,Education - Published
- 2021
29. Structural reform or a cultural reform? Moving the health and disability sector to be pro-equity, culturally safe, Tiriti compliant and anti-racist
- Author
-
Papaarangi, Reid
- Subjects
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Racism ,Health Care Reform ,Culture ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,Health Status Disparities ,Healthcare Disparities ,New Zealand - Published
- 2021
30. Colonial histories, racism and health—The experience of Māori and Indigenous peoples
- Author
-
Donna Cormack, Sarah-Jane Paine, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,media_common.quotation_subject ,White privilege ,Colonialism ,Criminology ,Racism ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Population Groups ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Sociology ,media_common ,030503 health policy & services ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health Status Disparities ,General Medicine ,Aotearoa ,Racial hierarchy ,0305 other medical science ,Privilege (social inequality) ,New Zealand - Abstract
The health of Māori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand, like that of almost all Indigenous peoples worldwide, is characterised by systematic inequities in health outcomes, differential exposure to the determinants of health, inequitable access to and through health and social systems, disproportionate marginalisation and inadequate representation in the health workforce. As health providers, we are often taught that ‘taking a history’ is a critical component of a patient consultation to ensure that the underlying conditions are treated rather than the often superficial presenting symptoms. In the same way, attempts to make sense of the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples is inadequate unless health providers engage critically with the history of their respective nations and any subsequent patterns of privilege or disadvantage. Understanding this history, within the framework of western imperialism and other similar colonial projects, allows us to make sense of international patterns of Indigenous health status. While health commentators acknowledge the unequal health outcomes of Indigenous people, and an increasing number also link these inequities to Indigenous marginalisation resulting from historic events, very few go further and expose the deep relationship between racism and coloniality and how these continue to be the basic determinants of Indigenous health today. This work includes honest examination of the role that science and the health disciplines have played historically in colonisation through the subjugation of Indigenous ways of knowing and knowledge production, as well as being complicit in the creation and maintenance of a fabricated hierarchy of humankind. Despite the ‘science’ of this racial hierarchy being discredited, it retains a false validity in our societies. As long as oppressive systems that continue to re-inscribe racism and white privilege remain in communities, including our academic communities, coloniality continues its discrimination. Indigenous voices on migration, ethnicity, racism a and health will always demand the elimination of inequities in health but to do so will require a parallel commitment to critically interrogating all of our histories and our disciplines, as well as examining how our practice, including research, disrupts or maintains global systems of racism and coloniality.
- Published
- 2019
31. Examining emergency department inequities: Do they exist?
- Author
-
Yannan Jiang, Inia Tomash, Inia Raumati, Peter A. Jones, Sarah-Jane Paine, Papaarangi Reid, and Elana Curtis
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,emergency department ,Referral ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Ethnic group ,Context (language use) ,Indigenous ,ethnic inequity ,03 medical and health sciences ,access ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Indigenous Peoples ,indigenous ,Retrospective Studies ,Original Research ,healthcare delivery ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Health Status Disparities ,Emergency department ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,mortality ,Triage ,Family medicine ,Scale (social sciences) ,Emergency Medicine ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,New Zealand - Abstract
Objectives Ethnic inequities in health outcomes have been well documented with Indigenous peoples experiencing a high level of healthcare need, yet low access to, and through, high‐quality healthcare services. Despite Māori having a high ED use, few studies have explored the potential for ethnic inequities in emergency care within New Zealand (NZ). Healthcare delivery within an ED context is characterised by time‐pressured, relatively brief, complex and demanding environments. When clinical decision‐making occurs in this context, provider prejudice, stereotyping and bias are more likely. The examining emergency department inequities (EEDI) research project aims to investigate whether clinically important ethnic inequities between Māori and non‐Māori exist. Methods EEDI is a retrospective observational study examining ED admissions in NZ between 2006 and 2012 (5 976 126 ED events). EEDI has been designed from a Kaupapa Māori Research position. Results The primary data source is the existing Shorter Stays in Emergency Department National Research Project (SSED) dataset that will be combined with clinical information extracted from NZ's National Minimum Dataset. The key predictor variable is patient ethnicity with other covariates including: sex, age‐group, area deprivation, mode of presentation, referral method, Australasian Triage Scale and the Multimorbidity Measure (M3 Index) for co‐morbidities. Generalised linear regression models will be used to investigate the associations between pre‐admission variables and the measures of ED care, and to examine the contribution of each measure of ED care on ethnic inequities in mortality. Conclusion The present study will provide the largest, most comprehensive investigation of ED outcomes by ethnicity to date in NZ.
- Published
- 2019
32. Educating for Indigenous Health Equity
- Author
-
Rhys Jones, Gillian Webb, Elana Curtis, Jill Milroy, Tania Huria, Martina Kamaka, Shaun Ewen, David Paul, Kristen Jacklin, Cameron Lacey, Lynden Crowshoe, Papaarangi Reid, Betty Calam, Leah Walker, Michael E. Green, and Suzanne Pitama
- Subjects
Consensus ,020205 medical informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,Indigenous ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Racism ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Healthcare Disparities ,Curriculum ,Competence (human resources) ,Equity (economics) ,business.industry ,Articles ,General Medicine ,Public relations ,Health equity ,3. Good health ,Workforce ,business ,Cultural competence - Abstract
The determinants of health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations include factors amenable to medical education’s influence—for example, the competence of the medical workforce to provide effective and equitable care to Indigenous populations. Medical education institutions have an important role to play in eliminating these inequities. However, there is evidence that medical education is not adequately fulfilling this role and, in fact, may be complicit in perpetuating inequities. This article seeks to examine the factors underpinning medical education’s role in Indigenous health inequity, to inform interventions to address these factors. The authors developed a consensus statement that synthesizes evidence from research, evaluation, and the collective experience of an international research collaboration including experts in Indigenous medical education. The statement describes foundational processes that limit Indigenous health development in medical education and articulates key principles that can be applied at multiple levels to advance Indigenous health equity. The authors recognize colonization, racism, and privilege as fundamental determinants of Indigenous health that are also deeply embedded in Western medical education. To contribute effectively to Indigenous health development, medical education institutions must engage in decolonization processes and address racism and privilege at curricular and institutional levels. Indigenous health curricula must be formalized and comprehensive, and must be consistently reinforced in all educational environments. Institutions’ responsibilities extend to advocacy for health system and broader societal reform to reduce and eliminate health inequities. These activities must be adequately resourced and underpinned by investment in infrastructure and Indigenous leadership.
- Published
- 2019
33. Access to specialist hospital care and injury survivability: identifying opportunities through an observational study of prehospital trauma fatalities
- Author
-
Bridget Kool, Ian Civil, Gabrielle Davie, Papaarangi Reid, Bridget Dicker, Rebbecca Lilley, Brandon de Graaf, Charles C. Branas, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,Service delivery framework ,Population ,Survivability ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,General Environmental Science ,030222 orthopedics ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Major trauma ,Injured person ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Hospital care ,Hospitals ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Wounds and Injuries ,Observational study ,Accidental Falls ,Medical emergency ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,New Zealand - Abstract
Background Of the five million injury deaths that occur globally each year, an estimated 70% occur before the injured person reaches hospital. Although reducing the time from injury to definitive care has been shown to achieve better outcomes for patients, the relationship between injury incident location and access to specialist care has been largely unexplored. Objective To determine the number and distribution of prehospital (on-scene/en route) trauma deaths without timely access to a hospital with surgical and intensive care capabilities, overall and by estimated injury survivability. Methods New Zealand's Mortality Collection and Hospital Discharge dataset were used to select prehospital injury deaths in 2009-2012. These records were linked to files held by Australasia's National Coronial Information Service (NCIS) to estimate, for the trauma subset, injury survivability. Using geographical locations of injury for the prehospital trauma fatalities, time from Emergency Medical System call-out to arrival at the closest specialist hospital was estimated. Results Of 1,752 prehospital trauma fatalities, 14.7% (95%CI 13.0, 16.4) had potentially survivable injuries that occurred in locations without timely access (prehospital phase >60 minutes). More than half (132 of 257) of the potentially survivable prehospital trauma fatalities without timely access died as a result of a motor vehicle traffic crash. Only 10% (95%CI 5.7, 16.0) of prehospital trauma fatalities from falls were estimated to be potentially survivable and without timely access compared to 24.6% (95%CI 18.5, 31.5) of prehospital firearm fatalities. Through using geospatial techniques, “hot spot” locations of potentially survivable injuries without timely access to specialist major trauma hospitals were apparent. Conclusion Approximately 15% of prehospital trauma fatalities in New Zealand that are potentially survivable occur in locations without timely access to advanced level hospital care. Continued emphasis is required on both improving timely access to advanced trauma care, and on primary prevention of serious injuries. Decisions regarding trauma service delivery, a modifiable system-level factor, should consider the geographic distribution of locations of these injury events alongside the resident population distribution.
- Published
- 2020
34. Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Co-Impacts on Indigenous Health: A Scoping Review
- Author
-
Rhys Jones, Alexandra Macmillan, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,Public Policy ,Review ,01 natural sciences ,Indigenous ,Body of knowledge ,03 medical and health sciences ,equity ,0302 clinical medicine ,Population Groups ,Political science ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Indigenous Peoples ,environmental justice ,Socioeconomic status ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Environmental justice ,Equity (economics) ,Indigenous health ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,climate policy ,Health equity ,Climate change mitigation ,climate change - Abstract
Climate change mitigation policies can either facilitate or hinder progress towards health equity, and can have particular implications for Indigenous health. We sought to summarize current knowledge about the potential impacts (co-benefits and co-harms) of climate mitigation policies and interventions on Indigenous health. Using a Kaupapa Māori theoretical positioning, we adapted a validated search strategy to identify studies for this scoping review. Our review included empirical and modeling studies that examined a range of climate change mitigation measures, with health-related outcomes analyzed by ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Data were extracted from published reports and summarized. We identified 36 studies that examined a diverse set of policy instruments, with the majority located in high-income countries. Most studies employed conventional Western research methodologies, and few examined potential impacts of particular relevance to Indigenous peoples. The existing body of knowledge is limited in the extent to which it can provide definitive evidence about co-benefits and co-harms for Indigenous health, with impacts highly dependent on individual policy characteristics and contextual factors. Improving the quality of evidence will require research partnerships with Indigenous communities and study designs that centralize Indigenous knowledges, values, realities and priorities.
- Published
- 2020
35. Kaupapa Māori-informed approaches to support data rights and self-determination 1
- Author
-
B Robson, Ricci Harris, Sarah-Jane Paine, Donna Cormack, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Knowledge-based systems ,Self-determination ,Harm ,Sovereignty ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,Aotearoa ,Explanatory power ,Indigenous ,media_common - Abstract
Indigenous Peoples have a right to high-quality, available and relevant data to support Indigenous priorities and aspirations, a right increasingly recognized as part of Indigenous Data Sovereignty movements. In addition to the right to data, there is an accompanying right to critical methodologies and approaches to data collection, analysis and interpretation that can produce knowledge of benefit to Indigenous Peoples, that reduce or eliminate the potential for data harm, and that support goals of Indigenous self-determination. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Kaupapa Māori epidemiology challenges some underlying assumptions of prevailing epidemiological methodologies and methods, and proposes alternatives grounded in Māori values, knowledge systems and ontologies. This chapter presents and discusses examples of approaches developed in Aotearoa, including Mana Whakamārama (Equal Explanatory Power), and age-standardization to an Indigenous standard, and considers how Kaupapa Māori quantitative research approaches can support Māori rights and contribute to broader goals of self-determination in Aotearoa.
- Published
- 2020
36. The Cannabis Referendum: why a yes vote offers a net gain for public health
- Author
-
Sam, McBride, Papaarangi, Reid, Louise, Signal, and Michael G, Baker
- Subjects
Adult ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Humans ,Marijuana Use ,Medical Marijuana ,Public Health ,Cannabis ,New Zealand - Published
- 2020
37. Examining emergency department inequities between Māori and non-Māori: do they exist?
- Author
-
Olivia Healey, Peter A. Jones, Inia Tomash, Elana Curtis, Yannan Jiang, I Raumati, Papaarangi Reid, and Sarah-Jane Paine
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ethnic group ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Triage ,Comorbidity ,Patient room ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Predictor variable ,Age of onset ,business ,Prejudice (legal term) - Abstract
Despite Māori (Indigenous population of New Zealand, NZ) having high Emergency Department (ED) use, few studies have explored for ethnic inequities in ED within NZ. ED healthcare can be time-pressured, complex and demanding. Clinical decision-making in this context may facilitate provider prejudice, stereotyping and bias. The Examining Emergency Department Inequities (EEDI) is a retrospective observational study, designed from a Kaupapa Māori Research position, examining ED admissions in NZ between 2006 and 2012 using the existing Shorter Stays in Emergency Department National Research Project dataset combined with clinical information extracted from NZ’s National Minimum Dataset. The key predictor variable is patient ethnicity with covariates: sex, age-group, area deprivation, mode of presentation, referral method, Australasian Triage Scale and the Multimorbidity Measure (M3 Index) for co-morbidities. Generalised linear regression models investigated the associations between pre-admission variables and the measures of ED care, and mortality. There were a total of 5,972,102 ED events (1,168,944 Māori, 4,803,158 non-Māori). We found an increasing proportion of ED events/year, a higher proportion of Māori ED events from younger age groups and areas of high deprivation compared to non-Māori. Māori had a higher proportion of self-referral and were triaged to be seen within a longer timeframe compared to non-Māori. After controlling for year of ED event, gender, triage category, age at presentation, NZ Deprivation decile and M3 Comorbidity score: Māori had shorter ED arrival to assessment time; shorter ED Length of Stay and less Access Block (>8 hour ED LOS before ward admission). Despite this, Māori mortality within ED or within 10 days of discharge was higher than non-Māori. These findings suggest different patterns in ED usage between Māori and non-Māori. Of concern, inequities in mortality exist despite positive indicators of ED care. Key messages There is evidence of different patterns in emergency department use between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand. Māori:non-Māori inequities in mortality exist despite positive indicators of emergency department care.
- Published
- 2020
38. After COVID-19, a future for the worlds children?
- Author
-
Kumanan Rasanathan, Yusra Ribhi Shawar, Sarah L Dalglish, Aku Kwamie, Adesola O. Olumide, Mariam Claeson, Peter D. Sly, Mark Tomlinson, Helen Clark, John Borrazzo, Awa M. Coll-Seck, Rajani Ved, Jennifer Harris Requejo, Anshu Banerjee, Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti, Papaarangi Reid, Lu Gram, Stefan Peterson, Nigel Rollins, Dina Balabanova, Qingyue Meng, Angela Gichaga, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, David Osrin, Sarah Rohde, Timothy Powell-Jackson, Shanthi Ameratunga, Raúl Mercer, Rana Saleh, Anthony Costello, David B Hipgrave, Jonathon L Simon, Imran Rasul, Tanya Doherty, Sunita Narain, Asha George, Jeremy Shiffman, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Karin Stenberg, Fadi El-Jardali, and Magali Romedenne
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,Child Welfare ,Global Health ,Betacoronavirus ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Pandemics ,biology ,Viral Epidemiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Child Health ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Pneumonia ,Psychology ,Coronavirus Infections ,Forecasting - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Thyrotoxicosis in an Indigenous New Zealand Population – a Prospective Observational Study
- Author
-
John V. Conaglen, Jade Tamatea, Marianne S. Elston, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Ethnic group ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Indigenous ,inequity/disparity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,hyperthyroidism ,thyrotoxicosis ,indigenous ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,Clinical Research Article ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,incidence ,ethnicity ,Observational study ,business ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 ,Demography - Abstract
Background Reported international incidence rates of thyrotoxicosis vary markedly, ranging from 6 to 93 cases per 100 000 per annum. Along with population demographics, exposures, and study design factors, ethnicity is increasingly being recognized as a potential factor influencing incidence. This study aimed to document the epidemiology and clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis for Māori, the indigenous population in New Zealand. Methods A prospective study of adult patients presenting with a first diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis between January 2013 and October 2014 to a single New Zealand center. Demographic data were collected, and detailed clinical assessment performed. Results With 375 patients, an incidence rate of thyrotoxicosis of 73.0 per 100 000 per annum was identified. Of these, 353 (94.1%) participated in the study. The median age of the cohort was 47 years, 81% were female, and 58% had Graves disease. The overall incidence of thyrotoxicosis for Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, was higher than non-Māori (123.9 vs 57.3 per 100 000 per annum). Rates of both Graves disease and toxic multinodular goiter were higher in Māori as compared to non-Māori (incidence rate ratios of 1.9 [1.4, 2.6] and 5.3 [3.4, 8.3], respectively), with this increase being maintained after controlling for age, deprivation, and smoking. Conclusions Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have an increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis compared to non-Māori and, in particular, toxic multinodular goiter. A greater understanding of the epidemiology of thyrotoxicosis in other indigenous and marginalized ethnic groups may help to optimize therapeutic pathways, equitable care and outcomes.
- Published
- 2020
40. The Lancet Commissions A future for the world's children? A WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission Executive summary
- Author
-
Clark, Helen, Awa, Marie, Coll-Seck, Banerjee, Anshu, Peterson, Stefan, Dalglish, Sarah L, Shanthi Ameratunga, Balabanova, Dina, Maharaj Kishan Bhan, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Borrazzo, John, Claeson, Mariam, Doherty, Tanya, El-Jardali, Fadi, George, Asha S, Gichaga, Angela, Gram, Lu, Hipgrave, David B, Kwamie, Aku, Qingyue Meng, Mercer, Raúl, Narain, Sunita, Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti, Adesola O Olumide, Osrin, David, Powell-Jackson, Timothy, Kumanan Rasanathan, Rasul, Imran, Papaarangi Reid, Requejo, Jennifer, Rohde, Sarah S, Rollins, Nigel, Romedenne, Magali, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Saleh, Rana, Shawar, Yusra R, Shiffman, Jeremy, Simon, Jonathon, Sly, Peter D, Stenberg, Karin, Tomlinson, Mark, Rajani R Ved, and Costello, Anthony
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effect of a text message intervention to reduce hazardous drinking among injured patients discharged from a trauma ward: a randomized controlled trial
- Author
-
Papaarangi Reid, Robyn Whittaker, Arier C. Lee, Sarah Sharpe, Matthew Walker, Shanthi Ameratunga, Bridget Kool, Vanessa Thornton, and Ian Civil
- Subjects
Lifestyle modification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Psychological intervention ,R858-859.7 ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Harm reduction ,education.field_of_study ,Recidivism ,business.industry ,Repeated measures design ,Computer Science Applications ,Emergency medicine ,Randomized controlled trials ,Brief intervention ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Screening and brief intervention for hazardous alcohol use in trauma care settings is known to reduce alcohol intake and injury recidivism, but is often not implemented due to resource constraints. Brief interventions delivered by mobile phone could overcome this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mobile phone text message intervention (YourCallTM) on hazardous drinkers admitted for an injury. The parallel two-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial enrolled 598 injured patients aged 16–69 years identified as medium-risk drinkers at recruitment. The intervention group (n = 299) received 16 text messages incorporating brief intervention principles in the 4 weeks following discharge from hospital. Controls (n = 299) received usual care and one text message acknowledging participation in the trial. The primary outcome was the difference in hazardous alcohol use (assessed using AUDIT-C) between study groups at 3 months, with the maintenance of effect examined at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Both groups had similar baseline features. Compared to controls, hazardous drinking was significantly lower in the intervention group at 3 months and maintained over the 12-month follow-up period (least squares mean difference in AUDIT-C scores: −0.322; 95% CI: −0.636, −0.008; p = 0.04). The intervention effect was similar among Māori (New Zealand’s indigenous population) and non-Māori (interaction p = 0.59), and among younger (16–29 years) and older (30–69 years) patients (p = 0.77). The effectiveness of this intervention reflects the potential of low cost, scalable mobile health technologies to overcome common barriers in implementing alcohol harm reduction strategies following injury., Mobile health text message intervention to reduce hazardous drinking Mobile phone text messages reduce dangerous patterns of alcohol consumption and could help prevent alcohol-related injuries. A trial carried out in New Zealand led by Sarah Sharpe at the University of Auckland examined the effect of sending 16 automated text messages over a four-week period to 299 adults discharged from hospital following an injury and identified as moderate risk hazardous drinkers. The messages, which encouraged patients to reduce their alcohol consumption and offered information on how to do so in an easy-to-understand and non-judgemental manner, reduced hazardous drinking throughout the 12-month follow-up period compared with a control group that received usual care. These findings suggest that text message interventions are an effective, low cost and easily scalable solution to curb harmful alcohol consumption.
- Published
- 2018
42. Time to cranial computerised tomography for acute traumatic brain injury in paediatric patients: Effect of the shorter stays in emergency departments target in New Zealand
- Author
-
Peter A. Jones, Joanna Stewart, James Le Fevre, Sue Wells, Alana Harper, Bridget Kool, Stuart R Dalziel, Michael Shepherd, Elana Curtis, Papaarangi Reid, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Traumatic brain injury ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Length of hospitalization ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Computed tomography ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,Tomography ,Neurosurgery ,business ,Paediatric patients - Abstract
AIM Timely access to computerised tomography (CT) for acute traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) facilitates rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention. In 2009, New Zealand introduced a mandatory target for emergency department (ED) stay such that 95% of patients should leave ED within 6 h of arrival. This study investigated whether this target influenced the timeliness of cranial CT scanning in children who presented to ED with acute TBI. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a random sample of charts of children
- Published
- 2017
43. Effectiveness of the YourCall™ text message intervention to reduce harmful drinking in patients discharged from trauma wards: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Ian Civil, Gordon S. Smith, Robyn Whittaker, Sarah Sharpe, Matthew Walker, Shanthi Ameratunga, Bridget Kool, Vanessa Thornton, Arier C Lee, and Papaarangi Reid
- Subjects
Research design ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,020205 medical informatics ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Motivational interviewing ,Poison control ,02 engineering and technology ,Trauma centers ,Suicide prevention ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Injury prevention ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mobile health ,Aged ,Motivation ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Wounds and injuries ,Accidents, Traffic ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Brief intervention ,Alcoholism ,Text messaging ,Research Design ,Family medicine ,Female ,Medical emergency ,business ,Alcohol use ,New Zealand - Abstract
Background Behavioural brief interventions (BI) can support people to reduce harmful drinking but multiple barriers impede the delivery and equitable access to these. To address this challenge, we developed YourCall™, a novel short message service (SMS) text message intervention incorporating BI principles. This protocol describes a trial evaluating the effectiveness of YourCall™ (compared to usual care) in reducing hazardous drinking and alcohol related harm among injured adults who received in-patient care. Methods/design Participants recruited to this single-blind randomised controlled trial comprised patients aged 16-69 years in three trauma-admitting hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. Those who screened positive for moderately hazardous drinking were randomly assigned by computer to usual care (control group) or the intervention. The latter comprised 16 informational and motivational text messages delivered using an automated system over the four weeks following discharge. The primary outcome is the difference in mean AUDIT-C score between the intervention and control groups at 3 months, with the maintenance of the effect examined at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes comprised the health and social impacts of heavy drinking ascertained through a web-survey at 12 months, and further injuries identified through probabilistic linkage to national databases on accident insurance, hospital discharges, and mortality. Research staff evaluating outcomes were blinded to allocation. Intention-to-treat analyses will include assessment of interactions based on ethnicity (Māori compared with non-Māori). Discussion If found to be effective, this mobile health strategy has the potential to overcome current barriers to implementing equitably accessible interventions that can reduce harmful drinking. Trial registration Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1134-0028. ACTRN12612001220853 . Submitted 8 November 2012 (date of enrolment of first participant); Version 1 registration confirmed 19 November 2012. Retrospectively registered.
- Published
- 2017
44. Geographical and population disparities in timely access to prehospital and advanced level emergency care in New Zealand: a cross-sectional study
- Author
-
Bridget Kool, Brandon de Graaf, Charles C. Branas, Rebbecca Lilley, Gabrielle Davie, Papaarangi Reid, Bridget Dicker, Ian Civil, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
Rural Population ,Emergency Medical Services ,Cross-sectional study ,Population ,time-to-treatment ,Ambulances ,Ethnic group ,Medical care ,Indigenous ,Health Services Accessibility ,health services access ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Catchment Area, Health ,Environmental health ,Emergency medical services ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,hospital ,education ,geospatial ,education.field_of_study ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,Geography ,business.industry ,Research ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,Air Ambulances ,Census ,GIS ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Observational study ,Public Health ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Software ,New Zealand - Abstract
ObjectiveRapid access to advanced emergency medical and trauma care has been shown to significantly reduce mortality and disability. This study aims to systematically examine geographical access to prehospital care provided by emergency medical services (EMS) and advanced-level hospital care, for the smallest geographical units used in New Zealand and explores national disparities in geographical access to these services.DesignObservational study involving geospatial analysis estimating population access to EMS and advanced-level hospital care.SettingPopulation access to advanced-level hospital care via road and air EMS across New Zealand.ParticipantsNew Zealand population usually resident within geographical census meshblocks.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe proportion of the resident population with calculated EMS access to advanced-level hospital care within 60 min was examined by age, sex, ethnicity, level of deprivation and population density to identify disparities in geographical access.ResultsAn estimated 16% of the New Zealand population does not have timely EMS access to advanced-level hospital care via road or air. The 700 000 New Zealanders without timely access lived mostly in areas of low-moderate population density. Indigenous Māori, New Zealand European and older New Zealanders were less likely to have timely access.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in New Zealand, geographically marginalised groups which tend to be rural and remote communities with disproportionately more indigenous Māori and older adults have poorer EMS access to advanced-level hospitals. Addressing these inequities in rapid access to medical care may lead to improvements in survival that have been documented for people who experience medical or surgical emergencies.
- Published
- 2019
45. The effect of implementing an aseptic practice bundle for anaesthetists to reduce postoperative infections, the Anaesthetists Be Cleaner (ABC) study: protocol for a stepped wedge, cluster randomised, multi-site trial
- Author
-
Kerry English, Chris Frampton, Sally A. Roberts, Richard Hamblin, Derryn A Gargiulo, Matthew R Moore, Alan Merry, Ian P. Bissett, David Cumin, Papaarangi Reid, Simon J Mitchell, Elsa Taylor, and Jacqueline A. Hannam
- Subjects
Research design ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,Cluster randomised ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Anaesthesia ,Study Protocol ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative infection ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Surgical Wound Infection ,Medicine ,Infection control ,Hand Hygiene ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Antibiotic prophylaxis ,Intensive care medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Protocol (science) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Infection Control ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Prevention ,Stepped wedge ,Clinical trial ,Research Design ,Sample Size ,Bundle ,Anesthetists ,Surgery ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Postoperative infection is a serious problem in New Zealand and internationally with considerable human and financial costs. Also, in New Zealand, certain factors that contribute to postoperative infection are more common in Māori and Pacific populations. To date, most efforts to reduce postoperative infection have focussed on surgical aspects of care and on antibiotic prophylaxis, but recent research shows that anaesthesia providers may also have an impact on infection transmission. These providers sometimes exhibit imperfect hand hygiene and frequently transfer the blood or saliva of their patients to their work environment. In addition, intravenous medications may become contaminated whilst being drawn up and administered to patients. Working with relevant practitioners and other experts, we have developed an evidence-informed bundle to improve key aseptic practices by anaesthetists with the aim of reducing postoperative infection. The key elements of the bundle are the filtering of compatible drugs, context-relevant hand hygiene practices and enhanced maintenance of clean work surfaces. Methods We will seek support for implementation of the bundle from senior anaesthesia and hospital leadership and departmental “champions”. Anaesthetic teams and recovery room staff will be educated about the bundle and its potential benefits through presentations, written material and illustrative videos. We will implement the bundle in operating rooms where hip or knee arthroplasty or cardiac surgery procedures are undertaken in a five-site, stepped wedge, cluster randomised, quality improvement design. We will compare outcomes between approximately 5000 cases before and 5000 cases after implementation of our bundle. Outcome data will be collected from existing national and hospital databases. Our primary outcome will be days alive and out of hospital to 90 days, which is expected to reflect all serious postoperative infections. Our secondary outcome will be the rate of surgical site infection. Aseptic practice will be observed in sampled cases in each cluster before and after implementation of the bundle. Discussion If effective, our bundle may offer a practical clinical intervention to reduce postoperative infection and its associated substantial human and financial costs. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618000407291. Registered on 21 March 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3402-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
46. A future for the world's children? A WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission
- Author
-
Karin Stenberg, Angela Gichaga, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mariam Claeson, Kumanan Rasanathan, David Osrin, Qingyue Meng, Asha George, Peter D. Sly, Jennifer Harris Requejo, Aku Kwamie, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sarah L Dalglish, John Borrazzo, Anthony Costello, Jonathon L Simon, Imran Rasul, Stefan Peterson, Awa M. Coll-Seck, Dina Balabanova, Lu Gram, Mark Tomlinson, Papaarangi Reid, Raúl Mercer, Yusra Ribhi Shawar, David B Hipgrave, Tanya Doherty, Magali Romedenne, Sarah Rohde, Fadi El-Jardali, Nigel Rollins, Maharaj K. Bhan, Rana Saleh, Helen Clark, Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti, Jeremy Shiffman, Sunita Narain, Rajani Ved, Anshu Banerjee, Timothy Powell-Jackson, Adesola O. Olumide, and Shanthi Ameratunga
- Subjects
Economic growth ,United Nations ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Child Health Services ,Child Welfare ,Commission ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Global Health ,World Health Organization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Child Development ,Political science ,Global health ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Environmental degradation ,media_common ,Sustainable development ,Government ,Human rights ,Child Health ,General Medicine ,Sustainable Development ,Child development ,Sustainability - Abstract
Executive summaryDespite dramatic improvements in survival, nutrition, and education over recent decades, today’s children face an uncertain future. Climate change, ecological degradation, migrating populations, conflict, pervasive inequalities, and predatory commercial practices threaten the health and future of children in every country. In 2015, the world’s countries agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet nearly 5 years later, few countries have recorded much progress towards achieving them. This Commission presents the case for placing children, aged 0–18 years, at the centre of the SDGs: at the heart of the concept of sustainability and our shared human endeavour. Governments must harness coalitions across sectors to overcome ecological and commercial pressures to ensure children receive their rights and entitlements now and a liveable planet in the years to come.
- Published
- 2019
47. Effect of a text message intervention on alcohol-related harms and behaviours: secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Arier C Lee, Robyn Whittaker, Shanthi Ameratunga, Bridget Kool, Ian Civil, Papaarangi Reid, and Sarah Sharpe
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,mHealth intervention ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cell phones ,lcsh:Medicine ,Alcohol drinking ,Logistic regression ,Text message ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Psychiatry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Behavior ,Text Messaging ,Injuries ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,General Medicine ,Delivery mode ,Help-seeking ,Research Note ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Female ,Hazardous drinking ,Brief intervention ,business ,brief intervention for harm (BI) ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Objective Mobile Health approaches show promise as a delivery mode for alcohol screening and brief intervention. The ‘YourCall’ trial evaluated the effect of a low-intensity mobile phone text message brief intervention compared with usual care on hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harms among injured adults. This paper extends our previously published primary outcome analysis which revealed a significant reduction in hazardous drinking associated with the intervention at 3 months, with the effect maintained across 12 months follow-up. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours (secondary outcomes) at 12-months follow-up. Results A parallel two-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 598 injured inpatients aged 16–69 years identified as having medium-risk hazardous drinking. Logistic regression models applied to 12-month follow-up data showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help-seeking behaviours. Although this text message intervention led to a significant reduction in hazardous alcohol consumption (previously published primary outcome), changes in self-reported alcohol-related harms and troubles and help seeking behaviours at 12-months follow up (secondary outcomes) were small and non-significant. Trial registration ACTRN12612001220853. Retrospectively registered 19 November 2012.
- Published
- 2019
48. Mapping a route to Indigenous engagement in cancer genomic research
- Author
-
Cherie Blenkiron, Maui Hudson, Rawiri Jansen, Kimiora Henare, Michael Findlay, Papaarangi Reid, Kate Parker, Cristin G. Print, Benjamin Lawrence, and Helen Wihongi
- Subjects
Research leadership ,Biomedical Research ,Guiding Principles ,business.industry ,Genomic research ,Corporate governance ,Genomics ,Public relations ,Aotearoa ,Indigenous ,Neuroendocrine tumour ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,Population Groups ,Reciprocity (social psychology) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neoplasms ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Healthcare Disparities ,business - Abstract
Summary Precision oncology guided by genomic research has an increasingly important role in the care of people with cancer. However, substantial inequities remain in cancer outcomes of Indigenous peoples, including Indigenous Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand (New Zealand). These inequities will be perpetuated unless deliberate steps are taken to include Indigenous peoples in all parts of cancer research—as research participants, in research leadership, and in research governance. This approach is especially important when there have been historical breaches of trust that have discouraged their participation in health research. This Personal View describes a precision oncology research roadmap for neuroendocrine tumour research, which seeks to reflect the values of New Zealand's Indigenous Māori people. This roadmap includes facilitating ongoing dialogue, Māori leadership, reciprocity, agreed kawa (guiding principles), tikanga (cultural protocols), and honest monitoring of what is and what is not being achieved. We challenge cancer researchers worldwide to generate locally appropriate roadmaps that honestly assess their practices to benefit Indigenous people internationally.
- Published
- 2019
49. The Effect of Implementing an Aseptic Practice Bundle for Anaesthetists to Reduce Postoperative Infections. Protocol for a Stepped Wedge, Cluster Randomised, Multi-Site Trial. The Anaesthetists Be Cleaner (ABC) Study
- Author
-
Alan F Merry, Derryn Gargiulo, Ian Bissett, David Cumin, Kerry English, Christopher Frampton, Richard Hamblin, Jacqueline Hannam, Matthew Moore, Papaarangi Reid, Sally Roberts, Elsa Taylor, and Simon J Mitchell
- Abstract
Background Postoperative infection is a serious problem in New Zealand, and internationally with considerable human and financial costs. Also, in New Zealand, certain factors that contribute to postoperative infection are more common in Māori and Pacific populations. To date, most efforts to reduce postoperative infection have focused on surgical aspects of care and on antibiotic prophylaxis, but recent research shows that anaesthesia providers may also have an impact on infection transmission. These providers sometimes exhibit imperfect hand hygiene and frequently transfer the blood or saliva of their patients to their work environment. In addition, intravenous medications may become contaminated while being drawn up and administered to patients. Working with relevant practitioners and other experts, we have developed an evidence-informed bundle to improve key aseptic practices by anaesthetists with the aim of reducing postoperative infection. The key elements of the bundle are the filtering of compatible drugs, context-relevant hand hygiene practices, and enhanced maintenance of clean work surfaces. Methods We will seek support for implementation of the bundle from senior anaesthesia and hospital leadership and departmental “champions”. Anaesthetic teams and recovery room staff will be educated about the bundle and its potential benefits through presentations, written material, and exemplar videos. We will implement the bundle in operating rooms where hip or knee arthroplasty or cardiac surgery procedures are undertaken in a five-site, stepped wedge, cluster randomised, quality improvement design. We will compare outcomes between approximately 5,000 cases before and 5,000 cases after implementation of our bundle. Outcome data will be collected from existing national and hospital databases. Our primary outcome will be days alive and out of hospital to 90 days, which is expected to reflect all serious postoperative infections. Our secondary outcome will be the rate of surgical site infection. Aseptic practice will be observed in sampled cases in each cluster before and after implementation of the bundle. Discussion If effective, our bundle may offer a practical clinical intervention to reduce postoperative infection and its associated substantial human and financial costs. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Network Registry: ACTRN12618000407291
- Published
- 2019
50. MOESM1 of Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: a literature review and recommended definition
- Author
-
Curtis, Elana, Jones, Rhys, Tipene-Leach, David, Walker, Curtis, Loring, Belinda, Sarah-Jane Paine, and Papaarangi Reid
- Abstract
Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of evidence sources identified from the literature review.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.