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PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to investigate the current and modern therapy approach of BMD (burning mouth disease) also referred as BMS (burning mouth syndrome), in order to have a better comprehension for the best and most successful way of treatment and management for this pathology. A literature research was carried outMATERIALS & METHODS: mainly using online sources, Pubmed database, and paper sources (specialized books). articles published over the last years have been rstly examined. Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, mini reviews and meta-analysis were primarily selected. If a subject matter appeared to have few or no such sources, articles based on case reports were also considered. Finally, 20 sources have been considered eligible for theRESULTS: purpose of the review, 19 scientic articles and 1 specialized book were selected. Clonazepam, capsaicin and Vortioxetine areCONCLUSIONS: currently the most widely used and known drugs even if further studies are needed especially in the case of Vortioxetine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

CO2 adsorption process in a composite geopolymer/zeolite 13X material has been analysed for post combustion carbon capture application, in dynamic conditions for a CO2/N2 gas mixture. Such composite material represents a valid alternative to conventional sorbents owing to the affinity and synergy between zeolite and the geopolymer binder as well as improved mechanical resistance and lower cost. Experimental analysis has been focused both on complete adsorption tests to determine the material maximum adsorption capacity and on breakthrough tests in transient conditions in (cyclic adsorption/desorption). Particular care has been devoted to thermal effects associated to adsorption and their effect on adsorption capacity and kinetics. Experimental data have been employed to support the development of a novel numerical model, based on Sips adsorption approach for sorbent capacity, and capable to describe the adsorption process, accounting for both mass and energy transport in the sorbent bed. The model proved able to describe well the experimental data at different CO2 feed concentration, and thus it has been employed in a predictive way to inspect process operating parameters and sorbent bed design on the resulting adsorption capacity, breakthrough time, and temperature profile. In particular, the model compared the results obtained in a scaled-up configuration (suitable to an industrial application) with those of the lab-scale system.

Biomass gasification is a green and effective process to generate synthesis gas (syngas, CO + H) with high heating value provided that inert species (e.g. N) are removed from the products or inherently avoided in the feedstock. In this respect, the combination of oxygen gasification and pre-pyrolyzed biomass is extremely favourable for issuing a gas stream with high CO and H content that can be further converted to valuable chemicals. The application of chemical looping schemes permits O transfer from air to the reaction chamber via oxygen carriers, namely metal oxides having multiple oxidation states, without contemporary transfer of N. In this manuscript the results of preliminary tests of chemical looping gasification are reported and discussed. The experiments were made at 900 °C with a synthetic oxygen carrier based on copper oxide. The conversion of biomass char to CO was investigated in batch-type tests providing insights into optimization of gasification atmosphere and oxygen carrier regeneration.

Earlier chapters in this book have shown that whilst accessibility is a well-studied concept in the scientific literature its use in practice is still limited. In this chapter, we examine 24 of the latest wave of Accessibility Instruments (AIs) represented in COST Action TU1002 to assess their potential usability as planning support tools for transport and land use practitioners. We here describe their key features (background, conceptual framework, and theoretical underpinnings, operational aspects, relevance for planning practice, strengths and limitations, and visualization) in some detail and we reflect in a more nuanced way, as urban planners, on the data collected thought a survey, on how these instruments can most usefully be deployed to address land use and transport planning issues. We also describe the developer’s perception of usability collected through the same survey used for collecting the key features. We identify, per item, significant similarities and differences and reflect on potential implications for their usability in planning practice. Besides the Accessibility Instruments Survey, this chapter also uses data also from the AIs summary reports, which provide much richer information and explanation than the developer’s survey of how they anticipate their instruments could have a role in urban planning. The chapter is structured into six sections. The first section provides an overview of the background of the 24 AIs involved in this research, followed by a description of the role in urban and transport planning of the AIs. The third section concludes the debate around the key features of the 24 AIs going into detail on conceptual and operational issues, such as the conceptual framework and theoretical underpinnings, the operational characteristics, and the visualization of outputs. The fourth section provides a specific analysis of the developer’s perception of usability of their AIs. This is followed by a more general debate on the relevance of AIs for planning practice. Finally some general conclusions are drawn.

Although in the last decades there has been significant attention and investment into Planning Support Systems, very few have actually made it into practice. This phenomenon is mirrored within the domain of accessibility instruments, a specific subset of the Planning Support Systems (PSS) family. Literature suggests that a fundamental dichotomy between supply and demand of PSS could be the main reason for this. On the one hand, planning practitioners – potential users of instruments – are generally unaware of and inexperienced in the use of them. On the other hand, developers of instruments have little awareness of demand requirements for instruments in the complex planning context in which the instruments have to be applied.