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The association between hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease is often seen in geriatric cats making the therapeutic protocol of hyperthyroidism more difficult. A reversible therapy with methimazole like drugs is recommended when assessing the gravity of renal failure or other affection influenced by thyroid hormones. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus are common conditions knowns as coexisting affections in older cats that may be caused or cause hyperthyroidism. This case follows the evolution of a hyperthyroid cat whose therapeutic protocol undergoes repeated changes due to the presence of co-existing affections.

In this report are presented in an easy to understand way, the main elements of such anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory affection. They are presented aspects: respiratory effort, protective factors and cell secretory main producers of technical and microbiological pecum lung and major disease entities as: hypoxia, simple colds, the obstructive processes, bacterial and fungal infections. The second chapter is dedicated to therapeutic principles applicable înafecţiunile respiratory tract. Are presented: the level of penetration of the particles into the respiratory tract depending on the size, the main categories used in the treatment of respiratory diseases (expectorants substances, antisecretory, antitussives, brohodilatatoarele, alkaloids, anti-infectives, antiasmaticele, antihemoragicele, β-adrenergic receptor agonists, allergics, etc.).

Livia Yuliawati,1 Putri Ayu Puspieta Wardhani,1 Joo Hou Ng2 1School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Psychology, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Livia Yuliawati, School of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Citraland CBD Boulevard, Surabaya, East Java, 60219, Indonesia, Email livia@ciputra.ac.idPurpose: The present study aimed to investigate how prior research of TTRPG revealed the benefits of TTRPG as a psychological intervention and how further studies can overcome the challenges and limitations of TTRPG in those previous studies.Methods: The study used Scoping Review to explore the potential benefits of TTRPG. Three research questions were identified (1) the extent to which empirical research has been conducted regarding TTRPG as intervention, (2) the potential of TTRPG mentioned, and (3) the suggestions for future research. The study investigated the last 10 years (ie, 2013 to 2023) of research publications with all research methods included. The search focused on key terms of “Tabletop Role-playing Game”, “TTRPG”, “Dungeons and Dragons”, and terms related to intervention. The databases used were in English and Indonesian and resulted in 109 papers but later eliminated due to various reasons until it became 51 papers to be reviewed.Results: Of the 51 papers included for final analysis, majority are of exploratory approach (n = 35; eg, literature review and qualitative design studies), indicating that research in TTRPG is still at the emerging stage. Quantitative design studies (n = 12) and mixed-method design studies (n = 4) on TTRPG are the minority. Majority papers (n = 30) are published in the United States, only three papers published in the Asian context, indicating that TTRPG research in the Asian context is scarce.Conclusion: From existing literature, TTRPG provides benefits to promote cognitive and psychosocial skills, to prevent negative effects and stress, as well as to intervene in psychological problems such as social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and autism spectrum disorders. Further studies can explore the use of TTRPG in Asia-representing collectivistic culture, to employ different systems of TTRPG and to examine the effects of TTRPG using experimental design to overcome the limitations of prior studies.Keywords: tabletop role-playing games, psychological intervention, scoping review

Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication form between bacteria via small signal molecules that enables global gene regulation as a function of cell density. We applied a microfluidic mother machine to study the kinetics of the QS response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria to additions and withdrawals of signal molecules. We traced the fast buildup and the subsequent considerably slower decay of a population-level and single-cell-level QS response. We applied a mathematical model to explain the results quantitatively. We found significant heterogeneity in QS on the single-cell level, which may result from variations in quorum-controlled gene expression and protein degradation. Heterogeneity correlates with cell lineage history, too. We used single-cell data to define and quantitatively characterize the population-level quorum state. We found that the population-level QS response is well-defined. The buildup of the quorum is fast upon signal molecule addition. At the same time, its decay is much slower following signal withdrawal, and the quorum may be maintained for several hours in the absence of the signal. Furthermore, the quorum sensing response of the population was largely repeatable in subsequent pulses of signal molecules.

Endocrine disrupters are natural or synthetic chemical substances that have the possibility to alter the endocrine functions leading to serious metabolic changes especially in newborns. The accumulation and persistence over long periods of time became a priority in terms of health and environment. The mechanism of action is represented by blocking, mimicking or modifying the effects of thyroid hormones. In this review, the main purpose was to determine what effects have the endocrine disruptors on the thyroid gland, especially on the thyroid hormone biosynthesis and setting the stage involved by it. We focused on the action of perchlorates, phthalates, BPC, PDPEs, soy, isoflavones, nitrates, thiocyanates, bisphenol A and triclorsan and came to the conclusion that their intervention can result in either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Abstract The study of consistent between-individual behavioural variation in single (animal personality) and across two or more behavioural traits (behavioural syndrome) is a central topic of behavioural ecology. Besides behavioural type (individual mean behaviour), behavioural predictability (environment-independent within-individual behavioural variation) is now also seen as an important component of individual behavioural strategy. Research focus is still on the ‘Big Five’ traits (activity, exploration, risk-taking, sociability and aggression), but another prime candidate to integrate to the personality framework is behavioural thermoregulation in small-bodied poikilotherms. Here, we found animal personality in thermoregulatory strategy (selected body temperature, voluntary thermal maximum, setpoint range) and ‘classic’ behavioural traits (activity, sheltering, risk-taking) in common lizards (Zootoca vivipara). Individual state did not explain the between-individual variation. There was a positive behavioural type—behavioural predictability correlation in selected body temperature. Besides an activity—risk-taking syndrome, we also found a risk-taking—selected body temperature syndrome. Our results suggest that animal personality and behavioural syndrome are present in common lizards, both including thermoregulatory and ‘classic’ behavioural traits, and selecting high body temperature with high predictability is part of the risk-prone behavioural strategy. We propose that thermoregulatory behaviour should be considered with equal weight to the ‘classic’ traits in animal personality studies of poikilotherms employing active behavioural thermoregulation.

Abstract Background Risks of recurrence and major bleeding with extended anticoagulation in Asian patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are similar to those in non-Asian patients but risks according to baseline risk factor profiles is not well documented. Methods Subgroup analysis of two randomized trials, which compared once-daily rivaroxaban (20 mg or 10 mg) with placebo or aspirin (100 mg) for extended treatment in Asian patients with VTE who had completed 6–12 months of anticoagulation. Index events were classified as unprovoked, provoked by major persistent risk factors, minor persistent risk factors, minor transient risk factors, or major transient risk factors. One-year cumulative risks of recurrent VTE were calculated for these risk factor profiles. Results 367 patients received rivaroxaban, 159 aspirin, and 48 placebo. For patients with unprovoked VTE, one-year cumulative incidences of recurrence in the 202 patients given rivaroxaban, the 89 given aspirin and the 28 given placebo were 1.6%, 5.8%, and 14.8%, respectively. For patients with VTE provoked by minor persistent risk factors, these incidences were 0% in the 74 patients given rivaroxaban, 9.3% in the 36 given aspirin, and 0% in the 12 given placebo. No recurrent VTE occurred in patients with VTE provoked by major persistent or transient risk factors or minor transient risk factors. Rivaroxaban was not associated with a significant increase in major bleeding. Conclusions Rivaroxaban seems to be an effective and safe option for extended treatment in Asian patients, especially those presenting with unprovoked VTE. Subgroups of patients with provoked risk factors were too small to draw meaningful conclusions. Trial registration NCT00439725 and NCT02064439.

Lettuce is one of our most important leaf vegetables that can be cultivated safely in organic farming, which is not only pesticide-free, but also aims to maintain and stimulate the presence of naturally occurring beneficial organisms, such as algae, mosses, bacteria, or arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. These organisms are all beneficial for soil life and nutrient decomposition. The positive effects of beneficial microorganisms could be enhanced by mulching which is a widely used practice in organic farming. Mulching may also increase soil nutrient substance after decomposition and inhibit weed growth. In our experiment, we sought to determine the effect of different mulching techniques (alfalfa, rye, black foil) on AM root colonisation, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, and on peroxidase (POD) activity in Lactuca sativa plants and observe whether there are correlations between these parameters. Results show natural mulching has a positive effect on mycorrhiza fungi root colonisation and therefore lowers the stress in lettuce plant. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between root colonisation and Chl content. As POD enzymes are directly linked to enzymatic browning, the high colonisation rate of AM may consequently lower post-harvest browning in lettuce.

The application of lean principles in construction project management is paramount for achieving optimal efficiency and minimizing waste. This study provides a comprehensive exploration of the innovative Big Room concept, serving as a collaborative hub where project stakeholders converge to streamline design and construction processes. Through a detailed examination of a real-life case study, we meticulously analyze the effectiveness, advantages, and obstacles encountered during the implementation of the Big Room methodology throughout the project lifecycle. By offering profound insights and practical recommendations, this research aims to enlighten and empower lean construction practitioners striving for excellence in project management.

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. The appearance of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has significantly altered the recommendations for perioperative anticoagulation. In our study, we analyzed the current trends in anticoagulant choice among patients referred for catheter ablation. Methods: Data from consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF at our center in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were analyzed. In addition to patient demographics, thromboembolic and bleeding risk factors and information on anticoagulation therapy were collected and compared. Results: In 2010 55, in 2015 146, and in 2020 166 patients were admitted for catheter ablation of AF (mean age 62±11 years; male 54.7%). The mean age of patients undergoing ablation increased significantly in 2015 compared to 2010, but thereafter did not change. Both the CHA2DS2-VA score calculated without sex category (1.6±1.3 ® 2.3±1.3 ® 2.6±1.5) and the HAS-BLED score (0.53±0.7 ® 0.77±0.8 ® 1.06±1.0) increased continuously with the time. At admission in 2010, 78.2% of patients were taking vitamin K antagonist (VKA), 5.5% were on LMWH and 16,4% were not anticoagulated. In 2015, the VKA rate decreased to 66.4%, 24.7% had DOACs, 3.4% were still on LMWH and 5,5% were still not treated. By 2020, DOACs became the leading anticoagulants with 65.1%, VKAs decreased to 28.9%, LMWH was prescribed in 1.2%, and in 4.8% patients were referred without anticoagulation. Conclusion: Although the DOACs have become the first-line therapy in the last 10 years in patients undergoing catheter ablation at our clinic, nearly one third of patients still received VKA treatment in 2020. A continuous trend for increasing thromboembolic and bleeding risk indicates the expansion of the indication for PVI.

Abstract Nanotechnology, especially in the field of photocatalysis, has witnessed rapid advancements, with titanium dioxide being one of the most widely used photocatalysts. As the use of products containing photoactive nanomaterials increases, concerns have arisen regarding their potential release into the environment over time. This release can impact soil, groundwater, and surrounding ecosystems, resulting in nanoparticles being dispersed in water and eventually depleted from the system. This study aimed to investigate how different soil solutions affect the structural, textural properties, and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide-based, commercial reference Evonik Aeroxide P25. The Regosol soil solution, characterized by acidic pH, low ionic content, and high organic matter content, induced nanoparticle aggregation and bandgap changes. In addition, the acidic pH hindered the adsorption process, potentially affecting the photocatalytic processes. In contrast, the Chernozem soil solution, with slightly alkaline pH, high ionic content, and low organic matter content, did not significantly alter the morphology or structure of the material. However, various organic compounds were absorbed on the surface, reducing the availability of active sites. The study highlights the importance of understanding the influence of soil solutions on nanomaterials, as it impacts their properties and environmental risks. Results show that the material is still activated, i.e., it can exert its photoactive effect on the environment. This sheds light on the challenges posed by nanoparticles in soil, particularly in terms of their toxicity and consequences for the surrounding ecosystems. The study underlines the need for further research in this area to assess potential risks and optimise the use of nanomaterials in environmental remediation.

Abstract Bone resorption is highly dependent on the dynamic rearrangement of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton to allow formation of actin rings and a functional ruffled border. Hem1 is a hematopoietic-specific subunit of the WAVE-complex which regulates actin polymerization and is crucial for lamellipodia formation in hematopoietic cell types. However, its role in osteoclast differentiation and function is still unknown. Here, we show that although the absence of Hem1 promotes osteoclastogenesis, the ability of Hem1-/- osteoclasts to degrade bone was severely impaired. Global as well as osteoclast-specific deletion of Hem1 in vivo revealed increased femoral trabecular bone mass despite elevated numbers of osteoclasts in vivo. We found that the resorption defect derived from the morphological distortion of the actin-rich sealing zone and ruffled border deformation in Hem1-deficient osteoclasts leading to impaired vesicle transport and increased intracellular acidification. Collectively, our data identify Hem1 as a yet unknown key player in bone remodeling by regulating ruffled border formation and consequently the resorptive capacity of osteoclasts.

Surface modification, including the anchoring of functional groups is a popular method to increase the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts. These species can trap excited electrons, thus prolonging the life of the charge carriers. N-containing functional groups are suitable for this purpose due to their high electron density. Here, we report a facile synthesis method for preparing interfacial N-based functional groups-modified and nitrogen-doped SrTiO3 photocatalysts. Among the modified samples (with 0.42–11.14 at.% nominal nitrogen content), the one with 7.71 at.% nitrogen showed 6.4 times higher photooxidation efficiency for phenol and 2.2 times better photoreduction efficiency for CO2 conversion than the unmodified SrTiO3 reference. Characterization results showed that using a low amount of nitrogen source resulted in low but measurable nitrogen doping, which did not significantly affect the photocatalytic activity. The formation of surface amine groups was significant even at lower initial nitrogen concentrations, while higher amounts of nitrogen source gradually resulted in the incorporation of nitrogen in higher amounts. Surface amine groups decreased the recombination of charge carriers, resulting in increased photocatalytic activity.

Calcium titanate (CTO) photocatalysts were synthesized using a sol–gel method by adopting a cost-efficient, rapid calcination technique. The CTOs were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, porosimetry measurements, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic activity was assessed through the photocatalytic degradation of phenol, oxalic acid, and chlorophenol under UV light exposure, using a commercial CTO as a reference. The stability of the samples was evaluated using compounds with –OH, –COOH, and –Cl functional groups. Characterization results showed that CTO composites containing anatase, rutile, and brookite titania were obtained. Increasing the calcination temperature led to various crystalline compositions, higher crystallinity, larger primary crystallite sizes, and smaller specific surface areas. The photocatalytic activity of all CTO/TiO2 composites was superior compared to the commercial CTO we used as a reference. The high photocatalytic activity of the best-performing composites was attributed to their higher specific surface areas and the synergistic effect between the crystal phases. A cost comparison was also made between our unique calcination technique and conventional calcination, and it was found that our method is approximately 35% more cost-effective, while retaining the photocatalytic activity.

Early language development is characterized by large individual variation. Several factors were proposed to contribute to individual pathways of language acquisition in infancy and childhood. One of the biologically based explaining factors is temperament, however, the exact contributions and the timing of the effects merits further research. Pre-term status, infant sex, and environmental factors such as maternal education and maternal language are also involved. Our study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between infant temperament and early language development, also considering infant gender, gestational age, and birthweight. Early temperament was assessed at 6, 9, 18, 24, and 30 months with the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R) and the Very Short Form of Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Early nonverbal communication skills, receptive and expressive vocabulary were evaluated with the Hungarian version of The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (HCDI). Our study adds further evidence to the contribution of infant temperament to early language development. Temperament, infant gender, and gestational age were associated with language development in infancy. Infants and toddlers with higher Surgency might enter communicative situations more readily and show more engagement with adult social partners, which is favorable for communication development. Gestational age was previously identified as a predictor for language in preterm infants. Our results extend this association to the later and narrower gestational age time window of term deliveries. Infants born after longer gestation develop better expressive vocabulary in toddlerhood. Gestational age may mark prenatal developmental processes that may exert influence on the development of verbal communication at later ages.

Abstract Understanding the pivotal role of surface co‐catalysts is paramount in the strategic design of forthcoming photoelectrodes. However, the nuanced impacts of co‐catalysts remain elusive, particularly in promoting the water oxidation reaction on hematite, especially in connection to surface states denoted as S1 (higher energy) and S2 (lower energy). For this purpose, we tailored two isomorphous hematite nanoarrays with a thin layer of amorphous copper oxide (CuOx), composed of a blend of Cu(I) and Cu(II) species, via a soft electrodeposition technique. Remarkably, we discovered that in pristine hematite (α‐Fe2O3), the S2 state played a pivotal role in activating the CuOx ad‐layer for water oxidation. At lower external biases (approximately 0.9–1.1 VRHE), CuOx served as charge reservoir in equilibrium with the S2 state. Notably, beyond 1.1 VRHE, where the high‐energy holes of the S1 state became available, CuOx was activated indirectly through the equilibrium with the S2 state, and a pronounced enhancement in photocurrent was observed. Conversely, in the case of Ti‐doped hematite (Ti : α‐Fe2O3) devoid of the S2 state, the presence of CuOx resulted in a decline in charge transfer efficiency. Instead of facilitating water oxidation, CuOx adversely affected the S1 surface sites and reduced the charge carrier density in Ti : α‐Fe2O3.

This study focused on the relationships between teachers' subjective well-being, perceived teacher support and students' subjective mental and physical health. We surveyed students at the beginning, halfway, and at the end of the second semester, collecting 1230 observations clustered within 410 students. Additionally, 66 of their teachers rated their subjective well-being (teaching self-efficacy and life satisfaction) at the beginning of the semester. We used multilevel modeling to link teachers' subjective well-being to students' health and perceived teacher support, controlling for the effects of time. Teaching self-efficacy positively predicted students' mental health. Moreover, perceived teacher support had a positive association with both subjective physical and mental health reported by students across the semester. We found inconclusive results in testing the associations between teachers' subjective well-being and perceived teacher support. We also found non-significant associations between teaching self-efficacy and students' physical health, as well as life satisfaction and students' mental health.

Abstract Purpose To inform updated recommendations by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care on screening in a primary care setting for hypertension in adults aged 18 years and older. This protocol outlines the scope and methods for a series of systematic reviews and one overview of reviews. Methods To evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for hypertension, the Task Force will rely on the relevant key questions from the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force systematic review. In addition, a series of reviews will be conducted to identify, appraise, and synthesize the evidence on (1) the association of blood pressure measurement methods and future cardiovascular (CVD)-related outcomes, (2) thresholds for discussions of treatment initiation, and (3) patient acceptability of hypertension screening methods. For the review of blood pressure measurement methods and future CVD-related outcomes, we will perform a de novo review and search MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and APA PsycInfo for randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, nested case–control studies, and within-arm analyses of intervention studies. For the thresholds for discussions of treatment initiation review, we will perform an overview of reviews and update results from a relevant 2019 UK NICE review. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews. For the acceptability review, we will perform a de novo systematic review and search MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycInfo for randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and observational studies with comparison groups. Websites of relevant organizations, gray literature sources, and the reference lists of included studies and reviews will be hand-searched. Title and abstract screening will be completed by two independent reviewers. Full-text screening, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) will be completed independently by two reviewers. Results from included studies will be synthesized narratively and pooled via meta-analysis when appropriate. The GRADE approach will be used to assess the certainty of evidence for outcomes. Discussion The results of the evidence reviews will be used to inform Canadian recommendations on screening for hypertension in adults aged 18 years and older. Systematic review registration This protocol is registered on PROSPERO and is available on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/8w4tz).

The emergence of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) modalities has increased the potential of simulation in paramedicine education. The integration of AR/MR into education programmes should be underpinned by sound learning design; however, little is known about their effective use. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the application and integration of AR/MR within paramedicine education. The review searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL and ERIC up to February 2020 to identify peer-reviewed articles describing the application or integration of any AR/virtual reality (VR) in the context of paramedicine education. The search yielded 11 records for qualitative synthesis from 170 unique records. The quality assessment showed diversity, from good to very poor quality papers. Categories of AR/MR were identified: computer-based avatar worlds, headset-based VR and screen-projection immersive spaces. An application was diverse, with triage and management of mass casualty featuring prominently. One paper described cost-effectiveness, and none discussed issues associated with volume or frequency of exposure required to achieve sustained outcomes. This review identified a small and heterogeneous evidence base describing AR/MR in paramedicine education. Limited, weak evidence demonstrates outcomes of equal to or better than traditional simulation when using AR/VR in paramedicine education.

A lean folyamatfejlesztések kulcsfontosságúak a termelési hatékonyság javítása érdekében. Kutatásunkban a DMAIC módszertan alkalmazásával vizsgálom az MEP üzem fejlesztését a lean six sigma jegyében. Kiemelve az előregyártott vasbeton gyártás kihívásait, a tanulmányom részletezi, hogyan segít a lean menedzsment a folyamatok hatékony tervezésében és méréseiben. A lean six sigma módszertan bevezetése folyamatok standardizálásával és hatékony fejlesztésével járul hozzá az üzem hatékonyságához.

This research is based on the hypothesis that optimization techniques can significantly improve the performance of complex visualizations in web browsers. The aim of the former was to determine to which extent the optimization can be achieved. Optimizations were coded to improve visualization, reduce the need for visual rendering, and decrease script execution time as well as the needed resources. To test the hypothesis, various optimization methods and algorithms were implemented on the initial visualization script and were tested. The main goal of this implementation was to assess how optimization methods, including quadtrees, spatial hashing, binning, LOD adjustments, and the use of the map data structure, affect the performance of web visualization. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis and the original animation was significantly improved. The implementation of optimizations had a positive effect on the performance of visualizations. The conducted tests gave concrete evidence confirming the validity of the initial hypothesis. This led to certain conclusions regarding which methods provide the best results when optimizing complex visualizations. Key recommendations for code optimization, which can be used in the development of complex visualizations in web browsers, were derived.

Five legume species (fodder galega, green pea, faba bean, red clover, and white clover) and one grass (timothy) grown under field conditions were investigated as potential future foods. Technological characteristics, such as emulsifying and foaming properties and nitrogen solubility indices, were determined from the green juices pressed from the whole plants. Secondly, the juices were evaluated for their antioxidative, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Faba bean green juice showed the highest emulsion stability and capacity, 66.0 ± 3.3 % and 18.0 ± 2.7 g/mg respectively, and second highest emulsion activity (58.4 ± 0.92 %). Considering the foaming properties, the highest activity was shown by white clover (433 ± 0.0 %) and green pea juices (411 ± 19.2 %). At the same time, the foam stability was remarkable for green pea juice (1078 ± 181.9 min) when compared to the other juices studied. The juices showed nitrogen solubility indices of about 50 % at pH 8, which were rather similar to those shown for the seeds of the same species in the literature. The antioxidant activities correlated with the total phenolic content. The highest antioxidant activity was shown by faba bean green juice both in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. In addition, a weak positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and the antibacterial properties using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains, although mainly in the case of the latter strain, high inhibition readings were observed for all other plants than white clover. All juices showed some anti-inflammatory activity on human monocyte activation: the faba bean and red clover were the most efficient materials (IC50 concentrations 49 ± 41 and 206 ± 68 mg/L, respectively).- These results suggest that the green juices tested may provide novel health-promoting food and feed ingredients in the future.