Search

La tradición del comentario del Cántico espiritual está formada por tres familias de manuscritos: CA, CA’ y CB. Todos los códices son apógrafos con la excepción del ms. S (Sanlúcar de Barrameda) que transmite el texto de la rama CA con correcciones y glosas autógrafas. Elia detectó en CB una sospechosa contaminación de ejemplares que prueba el carácter apócrifo de dicha versión: CB sigue un testimonio de CA’ en la parte inicial y luego pasa ex abrupto al ms. S (o tal vez, caso de haber existido, a una copia de dicho idiógrafo). Este estudio demuestra que, dentro de CB (en la explicación de la primera canción), hubo asimismo una contaminación de lecciones, y que desde el principio el redactor de la “versión alargada” tuvo que trabajar con al menos un par de manuscritos. Además, se ahonda en la técnica de revisión que empleó el místico, con vistas a la representación ecdótica del último estadio de elaboración del idiógrafo: distinción entre añadidos y glosas, variantes alternativas, casos complejos de reescritura. The tradition of the commentary on the Cántico espiritual consists of three families of manuscripts: CA, CA’ and CB. All the codices are apographs except for the Ms. S (Sanlúcar de Barrameda) which transmits the text of the CA branch with autograph corrections and glosses. Elia detected in CB a suspicious contamination of copies that proves the apocryphal nature of this version: CB follows a CA’ witness in the initial part and then passes ex abrupto to Ms. S (or perhaps, if it existed, to a copy of that idiograph). This study shows that, within CB (in the explanation of the first lira), there was also a contamination of readings, and that from the beginning the writer of the ‘elongated version’ had to work with at least a couple of manuscripts.Furthermore, the revision technique used by the mystic is explored in depth, aiming to realize an ecdotic representation of the last stage in the elaboration of the idiograph: the distinction bet-ween additions and glosses, alternative variants, complex cases of rewriting.

Through examples taken from five Baroque short novel authors (Camerino, Castillo Solórzano, Piña, Sanz del Castillo and Vital Pizarro y Cuña) I analyse the conditions which, before errors that cannot be emended ope codicum, allow to achieve an emendatio ope ingenii. Obviously, such procedure requires both the identification of the error’s probable genesis and the respect for the language of the time and the genre stylistic habits. Moreover, another requisite must be satisfied: conjectures necessarily have to take into account the usus scribendi of the author himself –if definible– or, following Poliziano’s method, the one of his auctoritates. In the last chapter, dedicated to Lazarillo, I draw attention to the conjecture “deste artife” (Ruffinatto) and offer an alternative explanation for the probable error “deste arte”. Con ejemplos de cinco autores barrocos de novelas cortas (Camerino, Castillo Solórzano, Piña, Sanz del Castillo y Vital Pizarro y Cuña) se examinan las condiciones que, frente a errores no subsanables ope codicum, permiten acudir a la enmienda ope ingenii. Las circunstancias básicas tienen que ver, naturalmente, tanto con la reconstrucción de la probable génesis de la corruptela como con el respeto de la lengua de la época y los hábitos estilísticos del propio género. Pero, además, es necesario acatar un tercer requisito: las conjeturas deben acoplarse al usus scribendi de los respectivos autores –siempre que sea objetivable– o, a zaga del método de Poliziano, con el de sus auctoritates. En la última parte, dedicada al Lazarillo, se vuelve sobre la conjetura “deste artife” (Ruffinatto), proponiendo una explicación alternativa de la probable deturpación “deste arte”.

Se propone un nuevo stemma codicum para la tradición manuscrita A del comentario sanjuanista de la Llama de amor viva. Dicha genealogía presupone unos fenómenos de intensa contaminación, no detectados anteriormente, sobre todo dentro de la familia más numerosa de testimonios. Además, se examinan las omisiones por homoioteleuton para una mejor individuación de los rastros de perturbación, así como para una general confirmación del estema. We propose a new stemma codicum for the manuscript tradition A of the commentary of Llama de amor viva by St. John of the Cross. Such genealogical tree presupposes some intense and not previously detected contamination phenomena, mainly within the largest family of testimonies. Furthermore, we examine the omissions by homoioteleuton both for a better individuation of contamination traces and for a general verification of the stemma.

El artículo pone de manifiesto las diferencias entre un aparato crítico en una edición neolachmanniana y un aparato de variantes para la llamada “Filología de autor”. Luego ofrece ejemplos de edición filológica tanto para el relato La venda como para el drama homónimo. Y finalmente examina el autógrafo acéfalo de Del sentimiento trágico de la vida, explicando cómo este manuscrito puede utilizarse para corregir los errores que deturpan la tradición impresa de dicha obra The article highlights the differences between a critical apparatus in a Neolachmannian edition and an apparatus of variants according to the Filologia d’autore. Then, it shows some examples of philological edition both for the story La venda and for the homonymous drama. Finally, it examines the acephalous autograph of Del sentimiento trágico de la vida and explains how this manuscript can be used in order to amend the errors that corrupt the printed tradition of this work

The clinical efficacy and safety of vigabatrin (VGB) as add-on therapy for pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies is well established. However, for an objective evaluation, the effects of the drug in the monotherapy of newly diagnosed subjects should be determined. With this aim, VGB was compared, in a randomized, response conditional cross-over study, with carbamazepine (CBZ), the most widely prescribed drug in focal epilepsies. Fifty-one patients with complex partial (CP) seizures were randomly assigned to either the VGB or the CBZ group and evaluated after an initial 4 month period. The cross-over to the alternative drug was carried out, for an analogous period, only in cases with persisting seizures or in the presence of intolerable side effects. Patients who did not respond to either drug were subsequently treated with a combination of VGB and CBZ. No significant difference was revealed in the efficacies of VGB and CBZ; a complete control of seizures was obtained in 17 37 patients (45.9%) treated with GVB and in 20 39 patients (51.3%) treated with CBZ. The side effects were somewhat more frequent (41%) and severe with CBZ than with VGB (21.6%). The power to detect a 20% difference between the two drugs was 75%. The combination of the two drugs suppressed the seizures in 5 out of 14 resistant cases. The preliminary results in this small number of patients are encouraging and suggest that VGB may be considered as a first-line drug for epilepsy with CP seizures and as a valid alternative when other monotherapies are ineffective or poorly tolerated.

Studies examining the use of vigabatrin as monotherapy for the treatment of epilepsy are relatively scarce, and of the few that have been reported, only two were of sufficient size to provide definitive data. In both trials, vigabatrin was compared with carbamazepine for efficacy and safety. In one of these studies, carbamasepine was found to be more effective than vigabatrin in reducing seizure frequency, and the two were found to be comparably efficacious in the other study. What differed significantly, however, was vigabatrin's favorable safety profile. Vigabatrin appears to be a reasonable choice for single-drug therapy in the treatment of certain types of seizures. In other patients, it remains useful as an adjunct to other antiepileptic drugs.

L'articolo ricostruisce i rapporti tra l'Epítome de la Elocuencia Española di Francisco Antonio de Artiga (1692) e la Censura de la elocuencia del gesuita José de Ormaza (1648), focalizzando l'attenzione sull'architettura retorica delle descrizioni concettistiche proposte nei due trattati aurisecolari. Il passaggio dalle pinturas di Ormaza a quelle di Artiga equivale al transito dagli autentici modelli barrocchi alle stantie ripetizioni gerundianas que trionfano nel Settecento, parodiate dal celebre romanzo del padre Isla., Annali Online Lettere - Ferrara, III 1 (2008)

En la predicación hispánica del Siglo de Oro había dos técnicas fundamentales y complementarias de visualización: una que hacía hincapié principalmente en la teatralización, y otra que abogaba, en cambio, por los conceptuosos itinerarios del sermón cortesano. La disputa retórica entre José de Ormaza y Valentín de Céspedes deriva de este dualismo

Management of patients affected by chronic daily headache (CDH) with medication overuse constitutes one of the most important unresolved problems. The uncertainty regarding the classification and the prophylaxis are a remarkable part of this problem. Objectives are to: (1) to evaluate the efficacy of withdrawal therapy following prophylaxis with topiramate and amitriptyline in a population affected by CDH and medication overuse with follow-up at 1 (T1), 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months; (2) to identify which group of the Silberstein’s CDH classification (1994) may benefit from this protocol. Inclusion criteria are patients with CDH (headache for more >15 days/month for at least 3 consecutive months) and medication overuse according with IHS second edition (8.2 group); exclusion criteria are patients with secondary headache. All patients included in the study were hospitalized for 1 week. Type of overuse: combination of medications, 38%; analgesics, 29%; triptans, 29%; opioids, 2%; ergotamines, 2%. During hospitalization the following protocol was applied: desametasone 4 mg i.v./day for 1 week, diazepam 6 mg/day for 10 days and prophylaxis with amitriptylin plus topiramate. This prophylaxis was protracted for at least 6 months. The dosages assumed ranged for amitriptylin from 10 to 20 mg/day and for topiramate from 50 to 100 mg/day. In the last 4 years 105 patients with CDH (age 24–89 years; f 96; m 9) were admitted to the hospital. The protocol was applied in 52 patients (age, 29–65 years; f 49; m 3). At T1, 89% of the patients did not fall again into medication overuse; at T2, 64%; and at T3,45% of the patients remained free from overuse. According to the Silberstein’ proposal at T1, 93% of the subjects was affected by transformed migraine; and 7% by tension-type headache. At T3, all the patients free from overuse were affected by transformed migraine. Our data suggest that the patients affected by CDH and medication overuse benefit from withdrawal therapy performed during hospitalization plus prophylaxis with amitriptyline plus topiramate. This combination seems a good pharmacological solution to reduce the risk of relapse.

Our aim was to evaluate the factorial structure of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Five hundred and twenty-four consecutive outpatients at their first diagnostic work-up (age 78.02+/-6.07 years, education 6.62+/-3.48 years, mean MMSE score 20.23+/-4.89) (+/-S.D.) with probable AD (based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) were enrolled in a multicenter, cross-sectional, regional-based study. For the purpose of the present study, the 11 subtests composing the MMSE and the global MMSE score (ranging from 10 to 29, included) were considered. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation method identified two factors that explained about the 85% of total variance. The first factor explained the 65% of variance and mainly included temporal orientation, delayed recall, attention/concentration, and constructional praxia. The second factor explained the 20% of variance and included reading a sentence, writing a sentence, naming, verbal repetition and immediate memory. The first factor was a reliable index of cognitive deterioration along the MMSE score interval between 29 and 10, whereas the second factor was not a suitable marker in this range. The two-factor structure of the MMSE in AD is shown in a large series of patients. The first factor expresses the ability to use new information and is related with working memory. The second factor is related with a more consolidated knowledge, namely verbal abilities, and is essentially useless in mild to moderate AD.

A generalized tonic status epilepticus persisting for 5 months in a young adult previously affected only by tonic-clonic seizures is described. The syndromic classification of the case remains unsettled.

[ES] Se edita el esquema que Unamuno trazó a la hora de refundir el manuscrito del Tratado del amor de Dios en Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1912-1913., [EN] The scheme that Unamuno worked out in order to refashion his Tratado del amor de Dios into Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1912-1913) is here published.

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on sleep/wake background EEG and interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Methods : From a broader sample of 10 patients subjected to baseline and treatment polysomnographies, spectral analysis and IEA count have been performed on 6 subjects' recordings, comparing the results by means of statistical analysis. Results : An overall increase in EEG total power after VNS has been observed, more marked in NREM sleep; collapsing EEG power spectra into 5 frequency bands, we have found a statistically significant increase in delta and theta in NREM sleep, and of alpha in wakefulness and REM sleep. The incidence of IEA is diminished, although not significantly; only the duration of discharges is significantly diminished. Conclusions and significance : Long-term VNS produces an enhancement in sleep EEG power of medically refractory epileptic patients. These results may be related to a better structured composition of EEG, and it is possible that chronic VNS may have a major role in enhancing the brain's ability to generate an electrical activity.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) constitutes an adjunctive, modern management of medically intractable seizures, especially when surgery is inadvisable. Objective: To evaluate the long-term results as regards efficacy, safety and tolerability of VNS in epileptic subjects, with focal and/or generalised seizures, refractory to old and new AEDs, without indication for resective surgery. Patients: 51 epileptic subjects (30 males, 21 females), aged 7–49 years, have been implanted so far. Results: The results refer to the 47 subjects with a follow-up longer than 6 months. 22 (46.8%) of them had a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, with a more than 75% reduction in 6. No significant difference was found in relation to type of seizures. The efficacy maintained steadily over time during the follow-up (mean 26.4 months). Twelve out of the 47 subjects had an improvement in alertness, attention and psychomotor activity. Complications were observed in 5 cases, leading to removal of the stimulator in 2. A moderate vocal hoarseness (40.4%), paresthesia (6.3%), pharingodinia and cough (4.3%) were the registered adverse events. Conclusions: Our results confirm that VNS is effective, safe and well tolerated and constitutes an alternative treatment for pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures.

Tesis doctoral, volumen 73 de la Colección Vítor, La tesis se divide en dos partes. En la primera se estudian las claves delantirracionalismo unamuniano y se subrayan sobre todo sus afinidades tanto con los planteamientos de la Romantik, como con el filosofar humanístico (Ernesto Grassi). Al principio se plantea escuetamente la cuestión teórica de los límites y de las zonas de intercambio disciplinario entre discurso filosófico y expresión literaria. Acto seguido se rastrean los primeros testimonios, en su gran mayoría inéditos, del antirracionalismo unamuniano. La primera parte se cierra con el análisis de tres textos de Unamuno escritos en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX (Sobre la filosofía española, Del sentimiento trágico de la vida y Alrededor del estilo). En la segunda parte de la tesis, sobre todo a través de un riguroso análisis filológico de múltiples inéditos unamunianos, se estudian las diversas fases evolutivas de dicha crisis. Uno de los principales logros de esta investigación es el de hacer hincapié en la equivocación de las anteriores interpretaciones filo-románticas que pretendían reducir la crisis unamuniana a un Erlebnis inefable del autor. Nadie puede excluir que la noche de la crisis existió, que fue real y que fue una vivencia dramática y fundamental para el autor empírico Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo. No obstante, la única crisis hermenéuticamente significativa es la que reflejan los textos, la que se escribió , la que se relató. Los principales textos de la crisis que aquí se estudian son las novelas Nuevo Mundo y Amor y Pedagogía, el drama La Esfinge, el Diario íntimo y el proyecto de las Meditaciones Evangélicas., Two parts shape up this thesis. In the first one, we study the keys of Unamunian antirationalism and we emphasize his affinities with the Romantik s Idealism and with the philosophic model of Humanism (Ernesto Grassi). First we examine briefly the theoretic question of limits and disciplinary interchange areas between philosophic dissertation and literary expression. Successively, we look for the former signs almost all unpublished and unknown documents of Unamunian anti-rationalism. The first part finishes with an analysis of three Unamuno s texts written during the first three decades of the XX century (Sobre la filosofía española, Del sentimiento trágico de la vida y Alrededor del estilo). In the second part of this thesis, we carry out a meticolous philological analysis of lots of Unamunian unpublished writings and we study the different evolution phases of such crisis. One of the most important achievement of this investigation has been to show the mistake of the previous filo-romantic interpretations, that wanted to reduce the Unamunian crisis to an ineffable Erlebnis of the writer. Nobody can exclude that the night of crisis existed, that it was real and that it was a dramatic and fundamental experience for the empirical author Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo. However, the only meaningful crisis is that the texts reflect, the written crisis , the told crisis . The main texts of crisis that we study are the novels Nuevo Mundo and Amor y Pedagogía, the drama La Esfinge, the Diario íntimo and the project of the Meditaciones Evangélicas.

The definition of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is elusive and still controversial owing to some unresolved questions such as: how many drugs should be tried before a patient is considered intractable; to which extent side-effects may be acceptable; how many years are necessary before establishing drug resistance. In some cases, the view of epilepsy as a progressive disorder constitutes another important issue. Despite the use of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), intractable epilepsy represents about 20-30% of all cases, probably due to the multiple pathogenetic mechanisms underlying refractoriness. Several risk factors for pharmacoresistance are well known, even if the list of clinical features and biological factors currently accepted to be associated with difficult-to-treat epilepsy is presumably incomplete and, perhaps, disputable. For some of these factors, the biological basis may be common, mainly represented by mesial temporal sclerosis or by the presence of focal lesions. In other cases, microdysgenesis or dysplastic cortex, with abnormalities in the morphology and distribution of local-circuit (inhibitory) neurons, may be responsible for the severity of seizures. The possible influence of genes in conditioning inadequate intraparenchimal drug concentration, and the role of some cytokines determining an increase in intracellular calcium levels or an excessive growth of distrophic neurites, constitute other possible mechanisms of resistance. Several hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in the generation of DRE have been indicated: (a) ontogenic abnormalities in brain maturation; (b) epilepsy-induced alterations in network, neuronal, and glial properties in seizure-prone regions such as the hippocampus; (c) kindling phenomenon; (d) reorganization of cortical tissue in response to seizure-induced disturbances in oxygen supply. Such hypotheses need to be confirmed with suitable experimental models of intractable epilepsy that are specifically dedicated, which have until now been lacking.

[ES] Sobre la filosofía española (1904) representa la principal aportación unamunana a la polémica de la ciencia y de la filosofía española. En este texto el lector encontrará muchas ideas fundamentales que Unamuno desarrollaría luego sobre todo en Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. Al estudiar estos intertextos se ha intentado aclarar también si el modelo filosófico humanístico —implícito en la literatura hispánica aurisecular (Hidalgo-Serna)— ha influenciado la interpretación unamuniana de la filosofía española., [EN] Sobre la filosofía española (1904) represents the main unamunian contribution to the polemics of Spanish Science and Philosophy. In this text the reader can find many fundamental ideas that Unamuno develops later especially in Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. Examining these intertexts, we also attempt to illustrate if the humanistic philosophic model —implicit in the Spanish Golden Age Literature (Hidalgo-Serna)— has influenced Unamunian interpretation of Spanish Philosophy.

[ES] Se examinan los más significativos cuadernillos inéditos de Unamuno anteriores a su etapa socialista (octubre 1894) con el fin de calibrar qué conciencia tuviera el autor vasco del impasse racionalista en estos primeros años en los que su labor filosófico-literaria ensaya un camino sincrético entre idealismo y positivismo., [EN] The most remarkable Unamuno's unpublished note-books preceding his socialist period (october 1894) are examined in order to evaluate what kind of awareness the Basque author had about the crisis of rationalism during his early years when his philosophical-literary work was looking for a syncretic way between idealism and positivism.

Hace aproximadamente un siglo, Miguel de Unamuno emprendía la tortuosa redacción de Nuevo mundo, una novela corta poco afortunada, que por mucho, acaso demasiado tiempo, ha constituido todo un misterio para los unamunistas, puesto que sólo se tenían de ella algunas fragmentarias noticias a través del epistolario. En contumacia se la juzgó como un probable complemento "vivíparo" de Paz en la guerra, la novela histórica sobre la cual el escritor vasto trabajó durante más de una década, antes de publicarla en el mismo año de su crisis más famosa.

L’article examine les modalites de reecriture que Francisco Jose de Artiga, dans son Epitome de la elocuencia espanola (1692), applique aux nombreuses citations poetiques recueillies aussi bien dans l’Elocuencia espanola en arte de Jimenez Paton que dans le Jardin de la elocuencia de Hebrera y Esmir. L’on demontre ici qu’Artiga utilise la premiere version du traite de Jimenez Paton (1604) et non la version remaniee incluse dans le Mercurius trimegistus (1621).