224 results on '"Paolo Lionetti"'
Search Results
2. Genome-Wide Methylation Profiling in 229 Patients With Crohn’s Disease Requiring Intestinal Resection: Epigenetic Analysis of the Trial of Prevention of Post-operative Crohn’s Disease (TOPPIC)Summary
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Nicholas T. Ventham, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Rahul Kalla, Alex T. Adams, Alexandra Noble, Holly Ennis, Craig Mowat, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Jack Satsangi, Ian Arnott, Aiden Cahill, Malcolm Smith, Tariq Ahmad, Sreedhar Subramanian, Simon Travis, John Morris, John Hamlin, Anjan Dhar, Chuka Nwokolo, Cathryn Edwards, Tom Creed, Stuart Bloom, Mohamed Yousif, Linzi Thomas, Simon Campbell, Stephen J. Lewis, Shaji Sebastian, Sandip Sen, Simon Lal, Chris Hawkey, Charles Murray, Fraser Cummings, Jason Goh, James O. Lindsay, Naila Arebi, Lindsay Potts, Aileen J. McKinley, John M. Thomson, John A. Todd, Mhairi Collie, Ashley Mowat, Daniel R. Gaya, Jack Winter, Graham D. Naismith, Catriona Keerie, Steff Lewis, Robin J. Prescott, Gordan Lauc, Harry Campbell, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Vito Annese, Vlatka Zoldoš, Iain K. Permberton, Manfred Wuhrer, Daniel Kolarich, Daryl L. Fernandes, Evropi Theorodorou, Victoria Merrick Daniel I. Spencer, Richard A. Gardner, Ray Doran, Archana Shubhakar, Ray Boyapati, Igor Rudan, Paolo Lionetti, Irena Trbojević Akmačić, Jasminka Krištić, Frano Vuč ković, Jerko Štambuk, Mislav Novokmet, Maja Pučić-Baković, Olga Gornik, Angelo Andriulli, Laura Cantoro, Giancarlo Sturniolo, Gionata Fiorino, Natalia Manetti, Anna Latiano, Anna Kohn, Renata D’Inca`, Silvio Danese, Ian D. Arnott, Colin L. Noble, Charlie W. Lees, Alan G. Shand, Gwo-Tzer Ho, Lee Murphy, Jude Gibson, Louise Evenden, Nicola Wrobel, Tamara Gilchrist, Angie Fawkes, Guinevere S.M. Kammeijer, Florent Clerc, Noortje de Haan, Aleksandar Vojta, Ivana Samaržija, Dora Markulin, Marija Klasić, Paula Dobrinić, Yurii Aulchenko, Tim van den Heuve, Daisy Jonkers, and Marieke Pierik
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Crohn's disease ,Surgery ,DNA methylation ,Epigenetics ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Aging ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background & Aims: DNA methylation alterations may provide important insights into gene-environment interaction in cancer, aging, and complex diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aim first to determine whether the circulating DNA methylome in patients requiring surgery may predict Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence following intestinal resection; and second to compare the circulating methylome seen in patients with established CD with that we had reported in a series of inception cohorts. Methods: TOPPIC was a placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of 6-mercaptopurine at 29 UK centers in patients with CD undergoing ileocolic resection between 2008 and 2012. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples from 229 of the 240 patients taken before intestinal surgery and analyzed using 450KHumanMethylation and Infinium Omni Express Exome arrays (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Coprimary objectives were to determine whether methylation alterations may predict clinical disease recurrence; and to assess whether the epigenetic alterations previously reported in newly diagnosed IBD were present in the patients with CD recruited into the TOPPIC study. Differential methylation and variance analysis was performed comparing patients with and without clinical evidence of recurrence. Secondary analyses included investigation of methylation associations with smoking, genotype (MeQTLs), and chronologic age. Validation of our previously published case-control observation of the methylome was performed using historical control data (CD, n = 123; Control, n = 198). Results: CD recurrence in patients following surgery is associated with 5 differentially methylated positions (Holm P < .05), including probes mapping to WHSC1 (P = 4.1 × 10-9, Holm P = .002) and EFNA3 (P = 4.9 × 10-8, Holm P = .02). Five differentially variable positions are demonstrated in the group of patients with evidence of disease recurrence including a probe mapping to MAD1L1 (P = 6.4 × 10-5). DNA methylation clock analyses demonstrated significant age acceleration in CD compared with control subjects (GrimAge + 2 years; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–2.7 years), with some evidence for accelerated aging in patients with CD with disease recurrence following surgery (GrimAge +1.04 years; 95% confidence interval, -0.04 to 2.22). Significant methylation differences between CD cases and control subjects were seen by comparing this cohort in conjunction with previously published control data, including validation of our previously described differentially methylated positions (RPS6KA2 P = 1.2 × 10-19, SBNO2 = 1.2 × 10-11) and regions (TXK [false discovery rate, P = 3.6 × 10-14], WRAP73 [false discovery rate, P = 1.9 × 10-9], VMP1 [false discovery rate, P = 1.7 × 10-7], and ITGB2 [false discovery rate, P = 1.4 × 10-7]). Conclusions: We demonstrate differential methylation and differentially variable methylation in patients developing clinical recurrence within 3 years of surgery. Moreover, we report replication of the CD-associated methylome, previously characterized only in adult and pediatric inception cohorts, in patients with medically refractory disease needing surgery.
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- 2023
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3. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Italy before and after the COVID-19: Lessons learned and management changes by SIGENP
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Valeria Dipasquale, Marco Deganello Saccomani, Angelo Di Giorgio, Salvatore Oliva, Silvia Salvatore, Caterina Strisciuglio, Renato Tambucci, Paolo Lionetti, and Claudio Romano
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Anti-TNF-α ,COVID-19 ,Digestive endoscopy ,Hepatitis ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Liver disease ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Around the world, the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised serious public health problems and major medical challenges. The Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) published several papers on the impact of COVID-19 on the current management, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal, hepatic, immune-mediated, and functional disorders. The present article summarizes the most relevant SIGENP reports and consensus during and after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak, including the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indications and timing of digestive endoscopy, and insights into the novel hepatitis.
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- 2023
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4. Differences in the inflammatory proteome of East African and Western European adults and associations with environmental and dietary factors
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Godfrey S Temba, Nadira Vadaq, Vesla Kullaya, Tal Pecht, Paolo Lionetti, Duccio Cavalieri, Joachim L Schultze, Reginald Kavishe, Leo AB Joosten, Andre J van der Ven, Blandina T Mmbaga, Mihai G Netea, and Quirijn de Mast
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inflammation ,proteome ,immune system ,Africa ,diet ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in urbanizing populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Assessment of inflammatory and metabolic characteristics of a urbanizing African population and the comparison with populations outside Africa could provide insight in the pathophysiology of the rapidly increasing epidemic of NCDs, including the role of environmental and dietary changes. Using a proteomic plasma profiling approach comprising 92 inflammation-related molecules, we examined differences in the inflammatory proteome in healthy Tanzanian and healthy Dutch adults. We show that healthy Tanzanians display a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to Dutch subjects, with enhanced activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and higher concentrations of different metabolic regulators such as 4E-BP1 and fibroblast growth factor 21. Among the Tanzanian volunteers, food-derived metabolites were identified as an important driver of variation in inflammation-related molecules, emphasizing the potential importance of lifestyle changes. These findings endorse the importance of the current dietary transition and the inclusion of underrepresented populations in systems immunology studies.
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- 2023
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5. Gene expression profiling in white blood cells reveals new insights into the molecular mechanisms of thalidomide in children with inflammatory bowel disease
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Letizia Pugnetti, Debora Curci, Carlotta Bidoli, Marco Gerdol, Fulvio Celsi, Sara Renzo, Monica Paci, Sara Lega, Martina Nonnis, Alessandra Maestro, Liza Vecchi Brumatti, Paolo Lionetti, Alberto Pallavicini, Danilo Licastro, Paolo Edomi, Giuliana Decorti, Gabriele Stocco, Marianna Lucafò, and Matteo Bramuzzo
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Thalidomide ,Pediatric ,Crohn’s disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Thalidomide has emerged as an effective immunomodulator in the treatment of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refractory to standard therapies. Cereblon (CRBN), a component of E3 protein ligase complex that mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins, has been identified as the primary target of thalidomide. CRBN plays a crucial role in thalidomide teratogenicity, however it is unclear whether it is also involved in the therapeutic effects in IBD patients. This study aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms underpinning thalidomide action in pediatric IBD. In this study, ten IBD pediatric patients responsive to thalidomide were prospectively enrolled. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and functional enrichment analysis were carried out on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained before and after twelve weeks of treatment with thalidomide. RNA-seq analysis revealed 378 differentially expressed genes before and after treatment with thalidomide. The most deregulated pathways were cytosolic calcium ion concentration, cAMP-mediated signaling, eicosanoid signaling and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Neuronal signaling mechanisms such as CREB signaling in neurons and axonal guidance signaling also emerged. Connectivity Map analysis revealed that thalidomide gene expression changes were similar to those exposed to MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme, suggesting that thalidomide exerts its immunomodulatory effects by acting on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In vitro experiments on cell lines confirmed the effect of thalidomide on candidate altered pathways observed in patients. These results represent a unique resource for enhanced understanding of thalidomide mechanism in pediatric patients with IBD, providing novel potential targets associated with drug response.
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- 2023
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6. A journey towards pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy and its training: a narrative review
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Luca Scarallo, Giusy Russo, Sara Renzo, Paolo Lionetti, and Salvatore Oliva
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pediatric endoscopy ,training in pediatric endoscopy ,competency-based training ,training the trainers ,assessment of competence ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Background and aimsGastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in pediatric setting has unique features and, therefore, requires an approach that is tailored to pediatric practice. There is still heterogeneity between training programs worldwide in terms of duration, number of procedures and assessment during and at the end of the training process.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review aiming to describe and summarize the existing literature on the various training methods for pediatric GI endoscopy to highlight the significance of specific pediatric endoscopy training.ResultsSimulation-based tools have been implemented in several training programs, providing a safer learning environment for trainees, especially in their earlier stages of training. Assessment of competence is gradually shifting from the sole evaluation of procedural numbers towards the development of more reliable and valid tools that can accurately measure technical competence. Despite such seismic shift, there is still a need for a standardized and comprehensive pediatric-oriented endoscopy curriculum that incorporates acquisition of procedural skills education and is built on the current competency-based model of training. All the above must sink their roots in trainees and to ensure that the endoscopists of tomorrow are capable of delivering high quality of care for children undergoing endoscopy.ConclusionIt is crucial to parallelly focus on the way trainers teach trainees. In this context, the implementation of “train the trainers” courses has improved important quality meters in GI endoscopy. Future research should put the focus on the potential subsequent favorable benefits of these changes on child health.
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- 2023
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7. Complementary feeding in preterm infants: a position paper by Italian neonatal, paediatric and paediatric gastroenterology joint societies
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Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Raffaella Panza, Francesco Cresi, Guglielmo Salvatori, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti, Maria Lorella Giannì, Nadia Liotto, Laura Ilardi, Nicola Laforgia, Luca Maggio, Paolo Lionetti, Carlo Agostoni, Luigi Orfeo, Antonio Di Mauro, Annamaria Staiano, Fabio Mosca, and On behalf of Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP), Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN) and Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP)
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Nutrition ,Complementary feeding ,Weaning [Mesh] ,Breastfeeding [Mesh] ,Breast milk [Mesh] ,Fortification ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Nutrition in the first 1000 days of life is essential to ensure appropriate growth rates, prevent adverse short- and long-term outcomes, and allow physiologic neurocognitive development. Appropriate management of early nutritional needs is particularly crucial for preterm infants. Although the impact of early nutrition on health outcomes in preterm infants is well established, evidence-based recommendations on complementary feeding for preterm neonates and especially extremely low birth weight and extremely low gestational age neonates are still lacking. In the present position paper we performed a narrative review to summarize current evidence regarding complementary feeding in preterm neonates and draw recommendation shared by joint societies (SIP, SIN and SIGENP) for paediatricians, healthcare providers and families with the final aim to reduce the variability of attitude and timing among professionals.
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- 2022
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8. Diencephalic syndrome in childhood, a challenging cause of failure to thrive: miniseries and literature review
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Sandra Trapani, Barbara Bortone, Martina Bianconi, Chiara Rubino, Iacopo Sardi, Paolo Lionetti, and Giuseppe Indolfi
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Diencephalic syndrome ,Failure to thrive ,Nystagmus ,Children ,Brain tumors ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract The aim of our study was to better define the clinical pattern of diencephalic syndrome, a rare but potentially lethal cause of failure to thrive in infancy. Poor weight gain or weight loss, the characteristic presenting feature, often firstly attributed to gastrointestinal or endocrinological or genetic diseases, is secondary to a malfunctioning hypothalamus, caused by a diencephalic tumor. Due to its unexpected clinical onset, diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis are common. We described a case series of 3 children with diencephalic syndrome admitted at our Hospital, over a 5-year period. Furthermore, a narrative review on all pediatric cases published in the last seventy years was performed. Clinical pattern, timing to diagnosis, neuroimaging, management, and outcome were analyzed. Our three cases are singularly described in all clinical and diagnostic findings. Overall, 100 children were selected; all these cases as well as our children presented with failure to thrive: 96% had body mass index or weight-length/height ratio lower than 5th percentile. Vomiting and hyperactivity are reported in 35 and 26% of cases, respectively. The neurological features, mainly nystagmus reported in 43%, may occur late in the disease course. In conclusion, the diagnostic delay is the hallmark of diencephalic syndrome, confirming the lack of knowledge by clinicians. The poor weight gain/loss despite adequate length growth and food intake, especially in children with hyperactivity and good psychomotor development, should alert pediatricians towards this condition, before neurological signs/symptoms occurrence.
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- 2022
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9. Diagnostic therapeutic care pathway for pediatric food allergies and intolerances in Italy: a joint position paper by the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and the Italian Society for Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP)
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Roberto Berni Canani, Carlo Caffarelli, Mauro Calvani, Alberto Martelli, Laura Carucci, Tommaso Cozzolino, Patrizia Alvisi, Carlo Agostoni, Paolo Lionetti, and Gian Luigi Marseglia
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Adverse food reactions ,Food allergy ,Carbohydrates intolerance ,Lactose intolerance ,Anaphylaxis ,Component resolved diagnosis ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Epidemiologic data suggest an increased prevalence of pediatric food allergies and intolerances (FAIs) during the last decades. This changing scenario has led to an increase in the overall healthcare costs, due to a growing demand for diagnostic and treatment services. There is the need to establish Evidence-based practices for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention that could be adopted in the context of public health policies for FAIs are needed. This joint position paper has been prepared by a group of experts in pediatric gastroenterology, allergy and nutrition from the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and the Italian Society for Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP). The paper is focused on the Diagnostic Therapeutic Care Pathway (DTCP) for pediatric FAIs in Italy.
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- 2022
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10. Eligibility criteria for pediatric patients who may benefit from anti SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody therapy administration: an Italian inter-society consensus statement
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Marcello Lanari, Elisabetta Venturini, Luca Pierantoni, Giacomo Stera, Guido Castelli Gattinara, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito, Silvia Favilli, Emilio Franzoni, Eleonora Fusco, Paolo Lionetti, Claudio Maffeis, Gianluigi Marseglia, Laura Massella, Fabio Midulla, Alberto Zanobini, Marco Zecca, Alberto Villani, Annamaria Staiano, Luisa Galli, and Other Collaborators
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Monoclonal antibody ,COVID19 ,Adolescents ,Risk factors ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract The fast diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have called for an equally rapid evolution of the therapeutic options. The Human recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) in subjects aged ≥12 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and specific risk factors. Currently the indications are specific for the use of two different mAbs combination: Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab (produced by Eli Lilly) and Casirivimab+Imdevimab (produced by Regeneron). These drugs have shown favorable effects in adult patients in the initial phase of infection, whereas to date few data are available on their use in children. AIFA criteria derived from the existing literature which reports an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in children with comorbidities. However, the studies analyzing the determinants for progression to severe disease are mainly monocentric, with limited numbers and reporting mostly generic risk categories. Thus, the Italian Society of Pediatrics invited its affiliated Scientific Societies to produce a Consensus document based on the revision of the criteria proposed by AIFA in light of the most recent literature and experts’ agreement. This Consensus tries to detail which patients actually have the risk to develop severe disease, analyzing the most common comorbidities in children, in order to detail the indications for mAbs administration and to guide the clinicians in identifying eligible patients.
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- 2022
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11. Point of view of the Italians pediatric scientific societies about the pediatric care during the COVID-19 lockdown: what has changed and future prospects for restarting
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Riccardo Lubrano, Alberto Villani, Stefano Berrettini, Paolo Caione, Alberto Chiara, Antonella Costantino, Roberto Formigari, Emilio Franzoni, Guido Castelli Gattinara, Arturo Giustardi, Giancarlo La Marca, Paolo Lionetti, Mario Lima, Claudio Maffei, Monica Malamisura, Giantonio Manzoni, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Antonio Memeo, Fabio Mosca, Giovanna Perricone, Licia Peruzzi, Giorgio Piacentini, Gabriella Pozzobon, Enrica Riva, Simonetta Tesoro, Giuseppe Zampino, Federica Zanetto, Marco Zecca, and Silvia Bloise
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COVID-19 ,Pediatric assistance ,Children ,Telemedicine ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently rare in children and they seem to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. However, SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has indirectly caused problems in pediatric medical assistance. In view of this we wanted to draw a picture of what happened during health emergency and analyze future prospects for restarting. Methods We involved the Italian pediatric scientific societies institutionally collected in the Italian Federation of Associations and Scientific Societies of the Pediatric Area (FIARPED); We sent a questionnaire to all scientific societies about the pediatric care activity during the COVID-19 emergency and future perspectives for the phase of post-containment. Results The analysis of the questionnaires showed significant decrease of:admission, outpatient visits and specialist consultancy activities during the COVID-19 emergency, primarily linked to the fear of infection. Instead it was increased the serious degree of diseases admitted. Most of scientific societies maintained the relationship with chronic patients through some form of telemedicine, reporting a strong positive opinion about this modality. Finally showed the need to give life a new approach for hospitalizations and outpatient visits through a greater use of telemedicine, educational programs on families and a more decisive role of family pediatricians. Conclusions Our study highlighted many aspects that can be improved in pediatric care. We think that It will be necessary a new shared strategy to improve the management and continuity of care for pediatric patients, primarily developing a network of collaboration between families, family pediatrician and hospitals and by enhancing the use of new methods of telecommunications.
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- 2020
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12. Usefulness of magnetic resonance enterography in detecting signs of sacroiliitis in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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Teresa Giani, Azzurra Bernardini, Massimo Basile, Marco Di Maurizo, Anna Perrone, Sara Renzo, Viola Filistrucchi, Rolando Cimaz, and Paolo Lionetti
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Sacroiliitis ,Pediatric ,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ,Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) ,Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Arthritis is often an underestimated extraintestinal manifestation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including sacroiliitis, whose early signs are well detectable at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an accurate imaging modality for pediatric IBD assessment. We studied the possibility to detect signs of sacroiliac inflammation in a group of children with IBD who underwent MRE for gastrointestinal disease evaluation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed MRE scans performed in pediatric patients with IBD. We looked for signs of sacroiliitis taking the ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society) criteria as a model. Presence of bone marrow edema (using T2W sequences with fat suppression), diffusion restriction in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) or Diffusion Weighted Imaging with Background Suppression (DWIBS), and dynamic contrast enhancement were evaluated. Each SI joint was divided into 4 quadrants: upper iliac, lower iliac, upper sacral, and lower sacral. Two blinded observers with experience in pediatric and skeletal imaging independently evaluated the images. Cases upon which there was a disagreement were evaluated by the two reviewing radiologists and a third radiologist with similar experience together. Results We enrolled 34 patients (24 males and 10 females, with mean age at scanning 14.3 years, median 15.3 years; 2 affected by ulcerative colitis, 32 by Crohn’s disease) for a total of 59 examinations performed at the time of their first diagnosis or at symptom exacerbations. No patient complained of musculoskeletal symptoms, neither had pathological findings at articular examination. At the time of MRE 25 patients were under treatment for their IBD. Five patients had radiological signs of SI inflammation at MRE, albeit of mild degree. All patients with SI joint edema also had a restricted diffusion in DWIBS or DWI and almost everyone had contrast media uptake. Conclusions Sacroiliitis is one of the extraintestinal manifestation associated with IBD; it is often asymptomatic and clinically underdetected, with an unrelated progression with respect to the underlying IBD. MRE offers the possibility to study SI joints in young patients with IBD who undergo MRE for the investigation of their intestinal condition. Furthermore, we observed that gadolinium enhancement does not improve diagnostic specificity in sacroiliiitis detection.
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- 2020
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13. Changing Dietary Habits: The Impact of Urbanization and Rising Socio-Economic Status in Families from Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Silene Casari, Monica Di Paola, Elena Banci, Salou Diallo, Luca Scarallo, Sara Renzo, Agnese Gori, Sonia Renzi, Monica Paci, Quirijn de Mast, Tal Pecht, Karim Derra, Berenger Kaboré, Halidou Tinto, Duccio Cavalieri, and Paolo Lionetti
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urbanization ,rural diet ,Western diet ,sub-Saharan Africa ,Burkina Faso ,fiber intake ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
(1) Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing the fastest urbanization worldwide. People in rural areas still have a traditional and rural lifestyle, whereas the Westernization of diet and lifestyle is already evident in urban areas. This study describes dietary habits of families in Burkina Faso living at different levels of urbanization. (2) Methods: Data on lifestyle, socio-economic conditions, health status and anthropometry were collected from 30 families living in rural villages, a small town and the capital city. A food frequency questionnaire and a 24 h recall diary were used to estimate dietary habits and macronutrients intake. (3) Results: The urban cohort showed a more diversified diet, with a higher intake of animal protein and, especially in children, a higher consumption of simple sugars. Fiber intake was significantly higher in the rural and semi-urbanized cohorts. As expected, overweight and obesity gradually increased with the level of urbanization. In semi-urbanized and urban families, we observed coexistence of under- and over-nutrition, whereas in rural families, a portion of children were wasted and stunted, and adults were underweight. (4) Conclusions: These three cohorts represent a model of the effect on diet of rural-to-urban migration. Rural diet and traditional habits are replaced by a Western-oriented diet when families move to urbanized areas. This dietary transition and increased socio-economic status in newly developing urban areas have a major impact on disease epidemiology, resembling the past evolution in Western countries.
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- 2022
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14. An early diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1: a case report and a review of literature
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Giulia Trippella, Paolo Lionetti, Sara Naldini, Francesca Peluso, Matteo Della Monica, and Stefano Stagi
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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome ,TRPS ,Growth retardation ,Sparse hair ,Bulbous nasal tip ,Short fingers ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by defects involving the TRPS1 gene. It exhibits distinctive craniofacial, ectodermal and skeletal abnormalities, such as sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip and short deformed fingers, with extremely variable expressivity. Case presentation We report the case of a 17 months old girl, who presented growth retardation and dysmorphic features. Postnatal growth was always below − 2 Standard Deviation for both weight and length and physical examination revealed relative macrocephaly, sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip, thin upper lip, protruding ears, prominent forehead, small jaw, and short hands and feet. Patient’s mother shared the same facial features, and presented sparse hair and small hands. The maternal grandfather and two uncles presented short stature, bulbous nasal tip, thin hair, and premature alopecia. Molecular analysis of TRPS1 gene showed a heterozygous c.2086C > T;(p.Arg696Ter) mutation both in the patient and her mother, confirming the diagnosis of TRPS, type I. Conclusions Clinical phenotype of TRPS can be subtle and the syndrome often remains undiagnosed. A comprehensive clinical examination and an exhaustive family history are crucial to reach the correct diagnosis, which is essential to perform adequate follow-up and timely therapeutic procedures.
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- 2018
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15. Case Report: Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Treated With Omalizumab in an Adolescent With Crohn’s Disease
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Simona Barni, Mattia Giovannini, Giulia Liccioli, Lucrezia Sarti, Anna Gissi, Paolo Lionetti, and Francesca Mori
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anti-IgE monoclonal antibody ,chronic spontaneous urticaria ,inflammatory bowel diseases ,Crohn’s disease ,omalizumab ,adolescent ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast cell-driven disease that is often associated with autoimmune or autoinflammatory conditions. Omalizumab is recommended in the treatment of refractory CSU in patients over 12 years of age who do not respond to four standard doses of antihistamines. Omalizumab blocks the mast cells’ degranulation, thus interrupting the resulting inflammatory cascade driven by T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. The efficacy of omalizumab in controlling CSU and possible associated diseases has been studied in few patients so far. In particular, some case reports describe adults with CSU and concomitant inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the treatment of CD with anti-tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) seems to be effective in controlling CSU, no cases of the utility of omalizumab in patients with both conditions have been described so far. At the moment, there is no evidence that the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CD are linked to the same pathways that are inhibited by omalizumab for the treatment of CSU. We present the first pediatric case of refractory CSU and CD in which omalizumab led to CSU remission, even if the follow-up period was limited. In conclusion, our experience shows how CSU could be associated with CD and successfully treated with the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody in a patient on immunosuppressive therapy. However, more data is needed from a larger population.
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- 2021
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16. A Narrative Review on Pediatric Scurvy: The Last Twenty Years
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Sandra Trapani, Chiara Rubino, Giuseppe Indolfi, and Paolo Lionetti
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scurvy ,children ,musculoskeletal pain ,limp ,hemorrhage ,ascorbic acid ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Scurvy is a well-known clinical condition caused by vitamin C deficiency. Although considered a rare disease in high-income countries, it has been recently increasingly reported in children, especially in those with abnormal dietary habits, mental or physical disabilities. We performed an extensive review of the literature analyzing studies published in the last 20 years focusing on clinical features, differential diagnosis and diagnostic delay. Fifteen articles were selected, collectively reporting a total of 166 children. Because of the wide clinical spectrum (musculoskeletal complaints and/or mucocutaneous lesions or systemic symptoms), scurvy can mimic several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and neoplasia. In addition, frequent findings such as normal nutritional status, anemia or elevated inflammatory markers may guide clinicians towards the abovementioned misdiagnoses. Scurvy should be considered in patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, not only in those with risk factors but also in healthy children. A focused dietary history and a careful physical examination, assessing other signs of vitamin C deficiency, are mandatory in these patients. When suspected, the dosage of serum vitamin C is the diagnostic gold standard; furthermore, imaging studies, performed by an expert radiologist, can reveal the typical features of scurvy. Only early diagnosis can avoid unnecessary investigations and potentially fatal complications of the disease.
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- 2022
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17. Comparative immunophenotyping of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. strains from Crohn’s disease patients and their interactions with the gut microbiome
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Monica Di Paola, Lisa Rizzetto, Irene Stefanini, Francesco Vitali, Cristina Massi-Benedetti, Noemi Tocci, Luigina Romani, Matteo Ramazzotti, Paolo Lionetti, Carlotta De Filippo, and Duccio Cavalieri
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Mycobiome ,Microbiome ,S. cerevisiae ,Candida spp. ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Investigation of the fungal communities in animal models of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) showed a controversial role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. In health and disease. These conflicting observations could be ascribed to immunogenic differences among co-specific strains. To assess the relevance of intra-strains differences on yeast immunogenicity and impact on the microbiota, we screened S. cerevisiae and Candida spp. Strains isolated from fecal samples of IBD patients. We compared the cytokine profiles, obtained upon stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and Dendritic Cells with different yeast strains, and evaluated the relationship between strain’s cell wall sugar amount and immune response. Moreover, the gut microbiota composition was explored in relation to fungal isolation from fecal samples by metabarcoding analysis. The comparison of cytokine profiles showed strain dependent rather than species-dependent differences in immune responses. Differences in immunogenicity correlated with the cell wall composition of S. cerevisiae intestinal strains. Stimulation of human healthy PBMCs with different strains showed a pro-inflammatory IL-6 response counterbalanced by IL-10 production. Interestingly, Crohn’s (CD) patients responded differently to “self” and “non-self” strains, eliciting pure Th1 or Th17 cytokine patterns. The differences observed in vitro were recapitulated in vivo, where different strains contributed in dramatically different ways to local epithelial activity and to the inflammation of wild type and Interleukin-deficient mice. Furthermore, we observed that the gut microbiota profiles significantly differentiated according to the presence of Saccharomyces or Candida spp. or the absence of fungal isolates in fecal samples. Our results show the importance to deepen metagenomics and immunophenotyping analyses to the strain level, to elucidate the role of fungal and bacterial communities in health and disease.
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- 2020
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18. Complementary Feeding in Italy: From Tradition to Innovation
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Patrizia Alvisi, Marco Congiu, Monica Ficara, Patrizia De Gregorio, Roberto Ghio, Enzo Spisni, Pietro Di Saverio, Flavio Labriola, Doriana Lacorte, and Paolo Lionetti
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complementary feeding ,weaning practice ,baby-led weaning ,personalized nutrition ,Italian regions ,food tastings ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Complementary feeding (CF) is a pivotal phase of the individual’s growth, during which children develops their future dietary habits. To date, only few studies investigated and compared weaning modalities between different geographical areas. The aim of this article is to describe the current Italian practice for CF in healthy term infants among different areas (North, Center, South) of Italy. Two different multiple-choice questionnaires were produced and sent to 665 Italian primary care pediatricians (PCP) and 2023 families with children under 1 year of age. As emerged from our investigation, in Italy CF is usually started between the 5th and 6th month of life. The preferred approach (chosen by 77% of families) involves the use of home-cooked liquid or semi-liquid ailments, or industrial baby foods. A new CF modality is emerging, consisting of traditional complementary foods with adult food tastings (10% of families). Approximately 91% of pediatricians give written dietary suggestions, and 83% of families follow their advice. We found significantly divergent weaning habits among different areas of Italy. PCP have a key role in guiding parents during the introduction of new foods in their infant’s diet and should take this as an opportunity to educate the whole family to healthy dietary habits.
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- 2021
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19. Dietary Management in Pediatric Patients with Crohn’s Disease
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Luca Scarallo and Paolo Lionetti
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Crohn’s disease ,children ,nutrition ,dietary management ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
It has been widely endorsed that a multifactorial etiology, including interaction between genetic and environmental factors, can contribute to Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis. More specifically, diet has proven to be able to shape gut microbiota composition and thus is suspected to play a significant role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Moreover, poor nutritional status and growth retardation, arising from several factors such as reduced dietary intake or nutrient leakage from the gastrointestinal tract, represent the hallmarks of pediatric CD. For these reasons, multiple research lines have recently focused on the utilization of dietary therapies for the management of CD, aiming to target concurrently mucosal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis and optimization of nutritional status. The forerunner of such interventions is represented by exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), a robustly supported nutritional therapy; however, it is burdened by monotony and low tolerance in the long term. Novel dietary interventions, such as Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet or Crohn’s Disease treatment with eating, have shown their efficacy in the induction of remission in pediatric patients with CD. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide a synopsis of the available nutritional strategies in the management of pediatric CD and to discuss their application in the dietary management of these patients.
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- 2021
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20. Multisystem autoimmune disease caused by increased STAT3 phosphorylation and dysregulated gene expression
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Francesca Todaro, Nicola Tamassia, Marinella Pinelli, Daniele Moratto, Laura Dotta, Alessia Grassi, Filippo Consonni, Mauro Giacomelli, Paolo Lionetti, Elisa Gardiman, Marco A. Cassatella, Eleonora Gambineri, Roberto Berni Canani, and Raffaele Badolato
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2019
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21. Late Relapse of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in an Adolescent Presenting as Severe Gastroduodenitis
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Chiara Rubino, Monica Paci, Massimo Resti, Paolo Lionetti, and Sandra Trapani
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura ,duodeno-jejunitis ,relapse ,atypical presentation ,endoscopy ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a systemic vasculitis, commonly affecting children. Gastrointestinal manifestations are observed in 50–75% of patients; it is well known they may occur before skin lesions in about 20% of cases during the first vasculitic episode. Relapses occur in about one third of patients, typically within 4 months from the initial presentation and with milder symptoms. We report the case of a 17-year old girl with an atypical relapse of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, presenting with acute abdominal symptoms 5 years after the first episode. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal multiple hyperemic and hemorrhagic lesions. To our knowledge this is the first case of hemorrhagic-erosive duodenitis representing a relapse of Henoch-Schönlein purpura occurring several years after the initial episode. Duodenojejunal inflammation should be considered as primary manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, not only during the first episode, but also in relapses. Endoscopy can be helpful for differential diagnosis, especially in patients with atypical manifestations. Further studies are needed to evaluate risk factors for Henoch-Schönlein purpura recurrence and the possible role of fecal calprotectin as an early marker for gastrointestinal involvement.
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- 2018
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22. To Wean or Not to Wean: The Role of Autologous Reconstructive Surgery in the Natural History of Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome on Behalf of Italian Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP)
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Teresa Capriati, Antonella Mosca, Tommaso Alterio, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo, Paolo Gandullia, Antonella Lezo, Paolo Lionetti, Lorenzo D’Antiga, Fabio Fusaro, and Antonella Diamanti
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parenteral nutrition ,autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery ,short bowel syndrome ,intestinal failure ,liver disease ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) can require prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN). Over the years, SBS management has been implemented by autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery (AGIR). The primary objective of the present review was to assess the effect of AGIR on weaning off PN. We also evaluated how AGIR impacts survival, the need for transplantation (Tx) and the development of liver disease (LD). We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies published from January 1999 to the present and 947 patients were identified. PN alone was weakly associated with higher probability of weaning from PN (OR = 1.1, p = 0.03) and of surviving (OR = 1.05, p = 0.01). Adjusting for age, the probability of weaning off PN but of not surviving remained significantly associated with PN alone (OR = 1.08, p = 0.03). Finally, adjusting for age and primary diagnosis (gastroschisis), any association was lost. The prevalence of TX and LD did not differ by groups. In conclusion, in view of the low benefit in terms of intestinal adaptation and of the not negligible rate of complications (20%), a careful selection of candidates for AGIR should be required. Bowel dilation associated with failure of advancing EN and poor growth, should be criteria to refer for AGIR.
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- 2020
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23. Genomic and Phenotypic Variation in Morphogenetic Networks of Two Candida albicans Isolates Subtends Their Different Pathogenic Potential
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Duccio Cavalieri, Monica Di Paola, Lisa Rizzetto, Noemi Tocci, Carlotta De Filippo, Paolo Lionetti, Andrea Ardizzoni, Bruna Colombari, Simona Paulone, Ivo G. Gut, Luisa Berná, Marta Gut, Julie Blanc, Misha Kapushesky, Eva Pericolini, Elisabetta Blasi, and Samuele Peppoloni
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Candida albicans ,host adaptation ,biofilm ,pathogenic traits ,genomic ,fungal isolates ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
The transition from commensalism to pathogenicity of Candida albicans reflects both the host inability to mount specific immune responses and the microorganism’s dimorphic switch efficiency. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing and microarray analysis to investigate the genomic determinants of the phenotypic changes observed in two C. albicans clinical isolates (YL1 and YQ2). In vitro experiments employing epithelial, microglial, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were thus used to evaluate C. albicans isolates interaction with first line host defenses, measuring adhesion, susceptibility to phagocytosis, and induction of secretory responses. Moreover, a murine model of peritoneal infection was used to compare the in vivo pathogenic potential of the two isolates. Genome sequence and gene expression analysis of C. albicans YL1 and YQ2 showed significant changes in cellular pathways involved in environmental stress response, adhesion, filamentous growth, invasiveness, and dimorphic transition. This was in accordance with the observed marked phenotypic differences in biofilm production, dimorphic switch efficiency, cell adhesion, invasion, and survival to phagocyte-mediated host defenses. The mutations in key regulators of the hyphal growth pathway in the more virulent strain corresponded to an overall greater number of budding yeast cells released. Compared to YQ2, YL1 consistently showed enhanced pathogenic potential, since in vitro, it was less susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells and more efficient in invading epithelial cells, while in vivo YL1 was more effective than YQ2 in recruiting inflammatory cells, eliciting IL-1β response and eluding phagocytic cells. Overall, these results indicate an unexpected isolate-specific variation in pathways important for host invasion and colonization, showing how the genetic background of C. albicans may greatly affect its behavior both in vitro and in vivo. Based on this approach, we propose that the co-occurrence of changes in sequence and expression in genes and pathways driving dimorphic transition and pathogenicity reflects a selective balance between traits favoring dissemination of the pathogen and traits involved in host defense evasion. This study highlights the importance of investigating strain-level, rather than species level, differences, when determining fungal–host interactions and defining commensal or pathogen behavior.
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- 2018
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24. Diet, Environments, and Gut Microbiota. A Preliminary Investigation in Children Living in Rural and Urban Burkina Faso and Italy
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Carlotta De Filippo, Monica Di Paola, Matteo Ramazzotti, Davide Albanese, Giuseppe Pieraccini, Elena Banci, Franco Miglietta, Duccio Cavalieri, and Paolo Lionetti
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microbiota ,diet ,environment ,urbanization ,Africa ,children ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Diet is one of the main factors that affects the composition of gut microbiota. When people move from a rural environment to urban areas, and experience improved socio-economic conditions, they are often exposed to a “globalized” Western type diet. Here, we present preliminary observations on the metagenomic scale of microbial changes in small groups of African children belonging to the same ethnicity and living in different environments, compared to children living on the urban area of Florence (Italy). We analyzed dietary habits and, by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, gut microbiota profiles from fecal samples of children living in a rural village of Burkina Faso (n = 11), of two groups of children living in different urban settings (Nanoro town, n = 8; Ouagadougou, the capital city, n = 5) and of a group of Italian children (n = 13). We observed that when foods of animal origin, those rich in fat and simple sugars are introduced into a traditional African diet, composed of cereals, legumes and vegetables, the gut microbiota profiles changes. Microbiota of rural children retain a geographically unique bacterial reservoir (Prevotella, Treponema, and Succinivibrio), assigned to ferment fiber and polysaccharides from vegetables. Independently of geography and ethnicity, in children living in urban areas these bacterial genera were progressively outcompeted by bacteria more suited to the metabolism of animal protein, fat and sugar rich foods, similarly to Italian children, as resulted by PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States), a predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene. Consequently, we observed a progressive reduction of SCFAs measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in urban populations, especially in Italian children, respect to rural ones. Our results even if in a limited number of individuals point out that dietary habit modifications in the course of urbanization play a role in shaping gut microbiota, and that ancient microorganisms, such as fiber-degrading bacteria, are at risk of being eliminated by the fast paced globalization of foods and by the advent of westernized lifestyle.
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- 2017
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25. Alteration of fecal microbiota profiles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Associations with HLA-B27 allele and disease status.
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Monica Di Paola, Duccio Cavalieri, Davide Albanese, Claudio Donati, Maddalena Sordo, Massimo Pindo, Ilaria Pagnini, Teresa Giani, Gabriele Simonini, Alessia Paladini, Paolo Lionetti, Carlotta De Filippo, and Rolando Cimaz
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Metagenomics ,Gut Microbiota ,juvenile idiopathic arthritis ,enthesitis-related arthritis ,HLAB27 allele ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiota is involved in several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and gut microbial pro-arthritogenic profiles have been hypothesized. Intestinal inflammation may be involved in spondyloarthropathies and in a subset of patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. We compared the fecal microbiota composition of JIA patients with healthy subjects (HS), evaluating differences in microbial profiles between sub-categories of JIA, such as enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA), in which inflammation of entheses occurs, and polyarticular JIA, non-enthesitis related arthritis (JIA-nERA). Through taxon-level analysis, we discovered alteration of fecal microbiota components that could be involved in subclinical gut inflammation, and promotion of joint inflammation. We observed abundance in Ruminococcaceae in both JIA categories, reduction in Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae in JIA-ERA, and increase in Veillonellaceae in JIA-nERA, respectively compared with HS. Among the more relevant genera, we found an increase in Clostridium cluster XIVb, involved in colitis and arthritis, in JIA-ERA patients compared with HS, and a trend of decrease in Faecalibacterium, known for anti-inflammatory properties, in JIA-nERA compared with JIA-ERA and HS. Differential abundant taxa identified JIA patients for the HLA-B27 allele, including Bilophila, Clostridium cluster XIVb, Oscillibacter and Parvimonas. Prediction analysis of metabolic functions showed that JIA-ERA metagenome was differentially enriched in bacterial functions related to cell motility and chemotaxis, suggesting selection of potential virulence traits. We also discovered differential microbial profiles and intra-group variability among active disease and remission, suggesting instability of microbial ecosystem in autoimmune diseases with respect to healthy status. Similarly to other chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, different microbial profiles, as observed among different JIA subgroups compared to HS, and potential functional acquisition related to migration could promote inflammation and contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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- 2016
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26. Age and gender affect the composition of fungal population of the human gastrointestinal tract
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Francesco Strati, Monica Di Paola, Irene Stefanini, Davide Albanese, Lisa Rizzetto, Paolo Lionetti, Antonio Calabrò, Olivier Jousson, Claudio Donati, Duccio Cavalieri, and Carlotta De Filippo
- Subjects
antifungal resistance ,commensal fungi ,human gut mycobiota ,fungal metagenomics ,fungi-host interactions ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The fungal component of the human gut microbiota has been neglected for long time due to the low relative abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria, and only recently few reports have explored its composition and dynamics in health or disease. The application of metagenomics methods to the full understanding of fungal communities is currently limited by the under representation of fungal DNA with respect to the bacterial one, as well as by the limited ability to discriminate passengers from colonizers. Here we investigated the gut mycobiota of a cohort of healthy subjects in order to reduce the gap of knowledge concerning fungal intestinal communities in the healthy status further screening for phenotypical traits that could reflect fungi adaptation to the host. We studied the fecal fungal populations of 111 healthy subjects by means of cultivation on fungal selective media and by amplicon-based ITS1 metagenomics analysis on a subset of 57 individuals. We then characterized the isolated fungi for their tolerance to gastrointestinal tract-like challenges and their susceptibility to antifungals. A total of 34 different fungal species were isolated showing several phenotypic characteristics associated with intestinal environment such as tolerance to body temperature (37°C), to acidic and oxidative stress and to bile salts exposure. We found a high frequency of azoles resistance in fungal isolates, with potential and significant clinical impact. Analyses of fungal communities revealed that the human gut mycobiota differs in function of individuals’ life stage in a gender-related fashion. The combination of metagenomics and fungal cultivation allowed an in-depth understanding of the fungal intestinal community structure associated to the healthy status and the commensalism-related traits of isolated fungi. We further discussed comparatively the results of sequencing and cultivation to critically evaluate the application of metagenomics-based approaches to fungal gut populations.
- Published
- 2016
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27. Matrix expansion and syncytial aggregation of syndecan-1+ cells underpin villous atrophy in coeliac disease.
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Camilla Salvestrini, Mark Lucas, Paolo Lionetti, Franco Torrente, Sean James, Alan D Phillips, and Simon H Murch
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We studied the expression of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in coeliac disease (CD) mucosa, as they are critical determinants of tissue volume, which increases in active disease. We also examined mucosal expression of IL-6, which stimulates excess GAG synthesis in disorders such as Grave's ophthalmopathy.We stained archival jejunal biopsies from 5 children with CD at diagnosis, on gluten-free diet and challenge for sulphated GAGs. We then examined duodenal biopsies from 9 children with CD compared to 9 histological normal controls, staining for sulphated GAGs, heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), short-chain HSPG (Δ-HSPG) and the proteoglycan syndecan-1 (CD138), which is expressed on epithelium and plasma cells. We confirmed findings with a second monoclonal in another 12 coeliac children. We determined mucosal IL-6 expression by immunohistochemistry and PCR in 9 further cases and controls, and used quantitative real time PCR for other Th17 pathway cytokines in an additional 10 cases and controls.In CD, HSPG expression was lost in the epithelial compartment but contrastingly maintained within an expanded lamina propria. Within the upper lamina propria, clusters of syndecan-1(+) plasma cells formed extensive syncytial sheets, comprising adherent plasma cells, lysed cells with punctate cytoplasmic staining and shed syndecan ectodomains. A dense infiltrate of IL-6(+) mononuclear cells was detected in active coeliac disease, also localised to the upper lamina propria, with significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-17A but not IL-23 p19.Matrix expansion, through syndecan-1(+) cell recruitment and lamina propria GAG increase, underpins villous atrophy in coeliac disease. The syndecan-1(+) cell syncytia and excess GAG production recapitulate elements of the invertebrate encapsulation reaction, itself dependent on insect transglutaminase and glutaminated early response proteins. As in other matrix expansion disorders, IL-6 is upregulated and represents a logical target for immunotherapy in patients with coeliac disease refractory to gluten-free diet.
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- 2014
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28. Efficacy and Tolerance of Thalidomide in Patients With Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Matteo Bramuzzo, Fabiola Giudici, Serena Arrigo, Paolo Lionetti, Giovanna Zuin, Claudio Romano, Francesco Graziano, Simona Faraci, Patrizia Alvisi, Sara Signa, Luca Scarallo, Stefano Martelossi, and Grazia Di Leo
- Subjects
Gastroenterology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Background Few drugs have been studied for patients with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of thalidomide in children with VEOIBD compared with children with pediatric-onset IBD (pIBD). Methods A retrospective cohort study with a control group was conducted. Propensity score 1:1 matching was used to identify control subjects. The treatment persistence; the causes of drug withdrawal; the rate of clinical remission and mucosal healing at 1, 2, and 3 years; and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated in children with VEOIBD treated with thalidomide and compared with children with pIBD. Results Thirty-nine courses of treatment with thalidomide in VEOIBD and pIBD patients were compared. The treatment persistence at 1, 2, and 3 years was 68.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.8%-80.6%), 57.0% (95% CI, 39.6%-71.1%), and 50.9% (95% CI, 33.7%-65.8%) for VEOIBD patients and 81.7% (95% CI, 65.3%-90.9%), 60.0% (95% CI, 41.7%-74.3%) and 33.0% (95% CI, 17.4%-49.5%) for pIBD patients, respectively (P = .12). A significantly higher proportion of VEOIBD patients discontinued therapy due to lack of efficacy (48.2% vs 17.2%; P = .03), while AEs were the main reason for discontinuation in pIBD patients. Clinical remission and mucosal healing rates did not significantly differ between VEOIBD and pIBD patients. A significatively lower number of VEOIBD patients experienced AEs compared with pIBD patients (14 [35.9%] vs 30 [76.9%]; P = .0005). Conclusions Thalidomide is an effective and tolerated treatment in children with VEOIBD. Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy is more frequent, but AEs are less common than in children with pIBD.
- Published
- 2023
29. Differences in the inflammatory proteome of East African and Western European adults and associations with environmental and dietary factors
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Godfrey S. Temba, Nadira Vadaq, Vesla Kullaya, Tal Pecht, Paolo Lionetti, Duccio Cavalieri, Joachim L. Schultze, Reginald Kavishe, Leo A.B. Joosten, Andre J. van der Ven, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Mihai G. Netea, and Quirijn de Mast
- Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in urbanizing populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Assessment of inflammatory and metabolic characterstics of an urbanizing African population and the comparison with populations outside Africa could provide insight in the pathophysiology of the rapidly increasing epidemic of NCDs, including the role of environmental and dietary changes. Using a proteomic plasma profiling approach comprising 92 inflammation-related molecules, we examined differences in the inflammatory proteome in healthy Tanzanian and healthy Dutch adults. We show that healthy Tanzanians display a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to Dutch subjects, with enhanced activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and higher concentrations of different metabolic regulators such as 4E-BP1 and fibroblast growth factor 21. Among the Tanzanian volunteers, food-derived metabolites were identified as an important driver of variation in inflammation-related molecules, emphasizing the potential importance of lifestyle changes. These findings endorse the importance of the current dietary transition in the NCDs epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa and the inclusion of underrepresented populations in systems immunology studies.
- Published
- 2022
30. The Use of Fecal Calprotectin Testing in Paediatric Disorders: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Gastroenterology Committee
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Paolo Lionetti, Ilse Broekaert, Carmen Ribes Koninckx, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Erasmo Miele, Nikhil Thapar, Frédéric Gottrand, Ester Donat, Rok Orel, Corina Pienar, Michela G. Schäppi, Michael Wilschanski, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Marc A. Benninga, Paediatric Gastroenterology, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Koninckx, Carmen Ribe, Donat, Ester, Benninga, Marc A, Broekaert, Ilse J, Gottrand, Frederic, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Lionetti, Paolo, Miele, Erasmo, Orel, Rok, Papadopoulou, Alexandra, Pienar, Corina, Schäppi, Michela G, Wilschanski, Michael, Thapar, Nikhil, Children's Hospital, and HUS Children and Adolescents
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Constipation ,Gastrointestinal Diseases ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Coeliac disease ,Infantile colic ,Helicobacter Infections ,Feces ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,inflammatory bowel disease ,3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,intestine ,ulcerative colitis ,Helicobacter pylori ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Gastroenterology ,Crohn disease ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,fecal calprotectin ,3. Good health ,inflammation ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Necrotizing enterocolitis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Calprotectin ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ,position paper - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to review the evidence regarding the clinical use and value of fecal calprotectin (FC) measurements in different gastrointestinal disorders in children. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases until October 31, 2019. Subtopics were identified and each assigned to individual authors. Results: A total of 28 recommendations were voted on using the nominal voting technique. Recommendations are given related to sampling, measurement methods, and results interpretation. The 14 authors anonymously voted on each recommendation using a 9-point scale (1 strongly disagree to 9 fully agree). Consensus was considered achieved if at least 75% of the authors voted 6, 7, 8, or 9. Conclusions: Consensus was reached for all recommendations. Limitations for the use of FC in clinical practice include variability in extraction methodology, performance of test kits as well as the need to establish local reference ranges because of the influence of individual factors, such as age, diet, microbiota, and drugs. The main utility of FC measurement at present is in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as to differentiate it from functional gastrointestinal disorders (FAPDs). FC, however, has neither utility in the diagnosis of infantile colic nor to differentiate between functional and organic constipation. A rise in FC concentration, may alert to the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and help identifying gastrointestinal involvement in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. FC measurement is of little value in Cow's Milk Protein Allergy, coeliac disease (CD), and cystic fibrosis. FC does neither help to distinguish bacterial from viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE), nor to diagnose Helicobacter Pylori infection, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), acute appendicitis (AA), or intestinal polyps.
- Published
- 2021
31. Effectiveness and Safety of Nonmedical Switch From Adalimumab Originator to SB5 Biosimilar in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Twelve-Month Follow-Up From the TABLET Registry
- Author
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Riccardo Morganti, Ivano Biviano, Siro Bagnoli, Francesca Calella, Sara Naldini, E.N. Lynch, Lorenzo Bertani, Linda Ceccarelli, Paolo Lionetti, Simona Maltinti, Alberto Pieraccini, G. Tapete, Moira Minciotti, Francesca De Nigris, Martina Giannotta, Francesco Costa, Maria Gloria Mumolo, Monica Milla, and Silvia Rentini
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,SB5 ,adalimumab ,biosimilar ,inflammatory bowel diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Adalimumab ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,In patient ,Registries ,Adverse effect ,Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Biosimilar ,Infliximab ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Injection site pain ,Cohort ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Tablets ,medicine.drug ,Month follow up - Abstract
Background Few data are currently available about SB5 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of SB5 in a cohort of patients with IBD in stable remission switched from the adalimumab (ADA) originator and in a cohort of patients with IBD naïve to ADA. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with IBD who started ADA treatment with SB5 (naïve cohort) and those who underwent a nonmedical switch from the ADA originator to SB5 (switching cohort). Clinical remission and safety were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. In addition, in a small cohort of patients who were switched, we assessed the ADA serum trough levels and antidrug antibodies at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Results In the naïve cohort, the overall remission rate at 12 months was 60.42%, whereas in the switching cohort it was 89.02%. Fifty-three (36.3%) patients experienced an adverse event, and injection site pain was the most common; it was significantly more frequent in the switching cohort (P = 0.001). No differences were found in terms of ADA serum trough levels at baseline, 3, and 6 months after switching. No patient developed antidrug antibodies after the switch. Conclusions We found that SB5 seemed effective and safe in IBD, both in the naïve cohort and in the switching cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm these data in terms of mucosal healing.
- Published
- 2021
32. Occurrence and Clinical Impact of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Large Cohort of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Marina Aloi, Giulia D’Arcangelo, Danilo Rossetti, Simone Bucherini, Enrico Felici, Claudio Romano, Massimo Martinelli, Valeria Dipasquale, Paolo Lionetti, Salvatore Oliva, Aloi, Marina, D'Arcangelo, Giulia, Rossetti, Danilo, Bucherini, Simone, Felici, Enrico, Romano, Claudio, Martinelli, Massimo, Dipasquale, Valeria, Lionetti, Paolo, and Oliva, Salvatore
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Crohn’s disease ,children ,inflammatory bowel disease ,prevalence ,incidence ,Gastroenterology ,Immunology and Allergy ,eosinophilic esophagiti ,ulcerative colitis - Abstract
Background Scarce data have investigated the association between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We, therefore, aimed to describe the epidemiology and the possible peculiar phenotype and natural history of such an association. Methods Case-control study is based on the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology (SIGENP) national registry. All children with a combined diagnosis of IBD and EoE were included. The overall prevalence and incidence in 2 periods, 2009 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021, were calculated. Cases were matched with IBD only and EoE only patients in a 1:3:3 ratio. Phenotype and outcomes (courses of steroids, risk of complications, surgery, treatment escalation, and hospitalization) were compared between groups. Results Eleven patients (age 11.2 ± 2.8 years, Males 91%) with EoE-IBD out of 3090 patients with IBD were identified, resulting in an overall prevalence of 0.35% and an incidence of 0.18% for 2009 to 2015 and 0.45% for 2016 to 2021. Treatment escalation rates for IBD were significantly higher in patients with IBD compared with EoE-IBD at 12- and 24-month follow-up (0% vs 30%, P = .04; and 9% vs 45.5%, P = .03, respectively). Furthermore, patients with IBD were at a significantly higher risk of hospitalization than both EoE-IBD and EoE patients (log rank P Conclusions The incidence and prevalence of EoE in children with IBD are low, although the incidence seems to be rising in recent years. Having EoE appears to be associated with a milder IBD disease course, whereas having IBD does not seem to affect the natural history of EoE. More data are needed to better define the phenotype of such association.
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- 2022
33. Induction of Remission With Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children With Crohn's Disease: Determinants of Higher Adherence and Response
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Marialaura Cuomo, Alessandra Carobbio, Marina Aloi, Patrizia Alvisi, Claudia Banzato, Luca Bosa, Matteo Bramuzzo, Angelo Campanozzi, Giulia Catassi, Lorenzo D’Antiga, Monica Di Paola, Enrico Felici, Maria Teresa Fioretti, Simona Gatti, Francesco Graziano, Sara Lega, Paolo Lionetti, Antonio Marseglia, Massimo Martinelli, Francesca Musto, Naire Sansotta, Luca Scarallo, Giovanna Zuin, Lorenzo Norsa, Cuomo, Marialaura, Carobbio, Alessandra, Aloi, Marina, Alvisi, Patrizia, Banzato, Claudia, Bosa, Luca, Bramuzzo, Matteo, Campanozzi, Angelo, Catassi, Giulia, D'Antiga, Lorenzo, Di Paola, Monica, Felici, Enrico, Fioretti, Maria Teresa, Gatti, Simona, Graziano, Francesco, Lega, Sara, Lionetti, Paolo, Marseglia, Antonio, Martinelli, Massimo, Musto, Francesca, Sansotta, Naire, Scarallo, Luca, Zuin, Giovanna, and Norsa, Lorenzo
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exclusive enteral nutrition ,Gastroenterology ,Crohn’s disease exclusion diet ,Immunology and Allergy ,colonic involvement - Abstract
Background Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the first choice to induce remission and promote mucosal healing in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). However, full adherence to EEN treatment may be problematic for children with CD. Methods The goal of the current multicenter retrospective study was to define predictive factors of nonadherence to treatment and nonremission at the end of induction treatment. Those data together were analyzed with the ultimate goal of trying to define an individualized induction treatment for children with CD. Results Three hundred seventy-six children with CD from 14 IBD pediatric referral centers were enrolled in the study. The rate of EEN adherence was 89%. Colonic involvement and fecal calprotectin >600 μg/g at diagnosis were found to be associated with a reduced EEN adherence. Exclusive enteral nutrition administered for 8 weeks was effective for inducing clinical remission in 67% of the total cohort. Factors determining lower remission rates were age >15 years and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index >50. Conclusion Although EEN is extremely effective in promoting disease remission, several patients’ related factors may adversely impact EEN adherence and response. Personalized treatments should be proposed that weigh benefits and risks based on the patient’s disease location, phenotype, and disease activity and aim to promote a rapid control of inflammation to reduce long-term bowel damage.
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- 2022
34. Epidemiological trends of pediatric IBD in Italy: A 10-year analysis of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition registry
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Patrizia Alvisi, Flavio Labriola, Luca Scarallo, Paolo Gandullia, Daniela Knafelz, Matteo Bramuzzo, Giovanna Zuin, Maria Rosa Pastore, Maria Teresa Illiceto, Erasmo Miele, Francesco Graziano, Claudio Romano, Daniela Bartoletti, Salvatore Oliva, Serena Arrigo, Fiammetta Bracci, Sara Renzo, Anna Agrusti, Marina Aloi, Paolo Lionetti, Salvatore Accomando, Claudia Banzato, Graziano Barera, Marco Brunero, Pier Luigi Calvo, Angelo Campanozzi, Mara Cananzi, Mara Corpino, Rita Cozzali, Gianluigi De Angelis, Costantino De Giacomo, Dario Dilillo, Enrico Felici, Simona Gatti, Valentina Motta, Lorenzo Norsa, Paolo Maria Pavanello, Andrea Pession, Silvia Provera, Alberto Ravelli, Antonio Maria Ricci, Silvia Salvatore, Caterina Strisciuglio, Alvisi P., Labriola F., Scarallo L., Gandullia P., Knafelz D., Bramuzzo M., Zuin G., Pastore M.R., Illiceto M.T., Miele E., Graziano F., Romano C., Bartoletti D., Oliva S., Arrigo S., Bracci F., Renzo S., Agrusti A., Aloi M., Lionetti P., Accomando S., Banzato C., Barera G., Brunero M., Calvo P.L., Campanozzi A., Cananzi M., Corpino M., Cozzali R., De Angelis G., De Giacomo C., Dilillo D., Felici E., Gatti S., Motta V., Norsa L., Pavanello P.M., Pession A., Provera S., Ravelli A., Ricci A.M., Salvatore S., Strisciuglio C., Alvisi, P., Labriola, F., Scarallo, L., Gandullia, P., Knafelz, D., Bramuzzo, M., Zuin, G., Pastore, M. R., Illiceto, M. T., Miele, E., Graziano, F., Romano, C., Bartoletti, D., Oliva, S., Arrigo, S., Bracci, F., Renzo, S., Agrusti, A., Aloi, M., Lionetti, P., Accomando, S., Banzato, C., Barera, G., Brunero, M., Calvo, P. L., Campanozzi, A., Cananzi, M., Corpino, M., Cozzali, R., De Angelis, G., De Giacomo, C., Dilillo, D., Felici, E., Gatti, S., Motta, V., Norsa, L., Pavanello, P. M., Pession, A., Provera, S., Ravelli, A., Ricci, A. M., Salvatore, S., and Strisciuglio, C.
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Registrie ,Delayed Diagnosis ,Hepatology ,Delayed Diagnosi ,Gastroenterology ,Pediatric IBD ,Epidemiological trend ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale E Specialistica ,Crohn Disease ,Italy ,Epidemiological trends ,Humans ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Registries ,Child ,Human - Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed at evaluating Italian epidemiological trends of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) over the period 2009–2018. Materials and methods: Data from 1969 patients enrolled in the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Registry, by 49 pediatric IBD centers throughout the country, were analyzed, comparing three different time intervals (2009–2012, 2013–2015, 2016–2018). Results: The number of new IBD diagnoses ranged from 175 to 219 per year, evenly distributed over the examined period of time. From 2009 to 2018, the minimal incidence ranged from 1.59 to 2.04 /105 inhabitants aged < 18 years, with an overall slight predominance of ulcerative colitis (UC) over Crohn's disease (CD) (ratio: 1.1). Mean diagnostic delay was 6.8 months for CD and 4.1 months for UC, with a significant reduction for CD when comparing the three-time intervals (p =0.008). The most frequent disease locations according to the Paris classification were ileocolonic for CD (41.3%) and pancolitis for UC (54.6%). Conclusions: The minimal incidence rate in Italy seems to have stabilized over the last two decades, even if it has increased when compared to previous reports. UC is still slightly more prevalent than CD in our country. Diagnostic delay significantly decreased for CD, reflecting an improved diagnostic capacity.
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- 2022
35. Differences in thrombin and plasmin generation potential between East African and Western European adults: The role of genetic and non-genetic factors
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Godfrey S. Temba, Nadira Vadaq, Jun Wan, Vesla Kullaya, Dana Huskens, Tal Pecht, Martin Jaeger, Collins K. Boahen, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Wieteke Broeders, Leo A.B. Joosten, Sultana M.H. Faradz, Gibson Kibiki, Saskia Middeldorp, Duccio Cavalieri, Paolo Lionetti, Philip G. de Groot, Joachim L. Schultze, Mihai G. Netea, Vinod Kumar, Bas de Laat, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Andre J. van der Ven, Mark Roest, Quirijn de Mast, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Biochemie, RS: Carim - B01 Blood proteins & engineering, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
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Adult ,metabolism [Thrombin] ,genetic association studies ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,LOCI ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,COAGULATION ,Black People ,Tanzania ,White People ,genetics [Inflammation] ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Fibrinolysin ,ddc:610 ,genetics [Blood Coagulation] ,Blood Coagulation ,METAANALYSIS ,Netherlands ,plasmin ,RISK ,Inflammation ,VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM ,Thrombin ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,ASSOCIATION ,Hematology ,metabolism [Fibrinolysin] ,SEASONAL-VARIATIONS ,thrombin ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,inflammation ,OBESITY ,ethnicity ,metabolome ,Blood Coagulation Tests - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 251902.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Geographic variability in coagulation across populations and their determinants are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To compare thrombin (TG) and plasmin (PG) generation parameters between healthy Tanzanian and Dutch individuals, and to study associations with inflammation and different genetic, host and environmental factors. METHODS: TG and PG parameters were measured in 313 Tanzanians of African descent living in Tanzania and 392 Dutch of European descent living in the Netherlands and related to results of a dietary questionnaire, circulating inflammatory markers, genotyping, and plasma metabolomics. RESULTS: Tanzanians exhibited an enhanced TG and PG capacity, compared to Dutch participants. A higher proportion of Tanzanians had a TG value in the upper quartile with a PG value in the lower/middle quartile, suggesting a relative pro-coagulant state. Tanzanians also displayed an increased normalized thrombomodulin sensitivity ratio, suggesting reduced sensitivity to protein C. In Tanzanians, PG parameters (lag time and TTP) were associated with seasonality and food-derived plasma metabolites. The Tanzanians had higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which correlated strongly with TG and PG parameters. There was limited overlap in genetic variation associated with TG and PG parameters between the two cohorts. Pathway analysis of genetic variants in the Tanzanian cohort revealed multiple immune pathways that were enriched with TG and PG traits, confirming the importance of co-regulation between coagulation and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Tanzanians have an enhanced TG and PG potential compared to Dutch individuals, which may relate to differences in inflammation, genetics and diet. These observations highlight the importance of better understanding of the geographic variability in coagulation across populations.
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- 2022
36. Menetrier disease and Cytomegalovirus infection in paediatric age: report of three cases and a review of the literature
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Giuseppe Indolfi, Federica Barbati, Edoardo Marrani, Paolo Lionetti, and Sandra Trapani
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hypoalbuminemia ,Family history ,Child ,Gastritis, Hypertrophic ,Retrospective Studies ,Gastric Infection ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Gastric Mucosa ,Cytomegalovirus Infections ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Vomiting ,Bezoar ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Paediatric Menetrier disease (PMD) is a protein-losing gastropathy, presenting with generalized oedema and abdominal symptoms. PMD commonly has an acute course and may be associated with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the epidemiological and clinical data, diagnostic procedures, treatment and outcome of CMV-associated PMD. The medical charts of the patients with PMD and CMV infection diagnosed at our hospital have been reviewed. Then, a systematic literature's review of all the cases of PMD and a selection of those associated with CMV infection have been performed. Three previously healthy boys were admitted for vomiting and oedema. Endoscopy showed hypertrophic gastric folds and CMV infection was diagnosed. Albumin was administered in all cases, with clinical resolution within few weeks. In literature, PMD has been described in 150 children and the association between CMV and PMD was found in 89 cases. Clinical and laboratory data, radiological and histological exams, therapy and outcome were reviewed.Conclusions: Basing on the present experience and on the current knowledge, PMD has a benign course without long-term sequelae. Although PMD is rare in children, we recommend paediatricians to consider CMV-related PMD when facing children with vomiting and diffuse oedema. What is Known: • Paediatricians should consider Menetrier disease (MD) when facing oedematous child complaining of abdominal symptoms with hypoalbuminemia, without proteinuria and liver dysfunction. • Typical ultrasound features (hypertrophic gastric folds) suggest such condition which requires endoscopy and biopsy for definitive diagnosis. What is New: • A familial susceptibility to CMV gastric infection has been recently suggested; thus when suspecting MD, the family history of gastric diseases should be investigated. • Menetrier disease has been found associated with other unusual conditions either benign (such as gastric bezoar) or malign as neoplasms (acute lymphatic leukaemia and adenocarcinoma) even in children.
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- 2020
37. Complementary Feeding in Italy: From Tradition to Innovation
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Enzo Spisni, Patrizia De Gregorio, Monica Ficara, Pietro Di Saverio, Roberto Ghio, Marco Congiu, Doriana Lacorte, Flavio Labriola, Paolo Lionetti, P. Alvisi, Alvisi, Patrizia, Congiu, Marco, Ficara, Monica, De Gregorio, Patrizia, Ghio, Roberto, Spisni, Enzo, Di Saverio, Pietro, Labriola, Flavio, Lacorte, Doriana, and Lionetti, Paolo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Primary care ,Pediatrics ,Article ,complementary feeding ,RJ1-570 ,food tastings ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Italian regions ,Weaning ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,baby-led weaning ,personalized nutrition ,Modalities ,business.industry ,Italian region ,weaning practice ,Personalized nutrition ,Family medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,food tasting ,business ,Baby-led weaning - Abstract
Complementary feeding (CF) is a pivotal phase of the individual’s growth, during which children develops their future dietary habits. To date, only few studies investigated and compared weaning modalities between different geographical areas. The aim of this article is to describe the current Italian practice for CF in healthy term infants among different areas (North, Center, South) of Italy. Two different multiple-choice questionnaires were produced and sent to 665 Italian primary care pediatricians (PCP) and 2023 families with children under 1 year of age. As emerged from our investigation, in Italy CF is usually started between the 5th and 6th month of life. The preferred approach (chosen by 77% of families) involves the use of home-cooked liquid or semi-liquid ailments, or industrial baby foods. A new CF modality is emerging, consisting of traditional complementary foods with adult food tastings (10% of families). Approximately 91% of pediatricians give written dietary suggestions, and 83% of families follow their advice. We found significantly divergent weaning habits among different areas of Italy. PCP have a key role in guiding parents during the introduction of new foods in their infant’s diet and should take this as an opportunity to educate the whole family to healthy dietary habits.
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- 2021
38. The best is the enemy of the good: Time for a biopsy‐sparing approach for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis and treatment in children in the COVID‐19 era?
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Paolo Lionetti, Elena Lionetti, Alice Monzani, and Ivana Rabbone
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medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Helicobacter pylori ,biology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Biopsy ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Gastroenterology ,MEDLINE ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Helicobacter Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Letters to the Editor ,business ,Letter to the Editor - Published
- 2021
39. Crohn's disease exclusion diet in children with Crohn's disease: a case series
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Valentina Pierattini, Elena Banci, Paolo Lionetti, and Luca Scarallo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Enteral Nutrition ,Maintenance therapy ,Crohn Disease ,Immunity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Exclusion diet ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Dietary therapy ,Microbiome ,Child ,Crohn's disease ,Wound Healing ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Parenteral nutrition ,business - Abstract
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) represents an established, evidence-based dietary therapy used in Crohn's disease (CD); although successful, EEN is extremely restrictive with limited acceptability and prolonged use. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) is a new, sustainable and patient-friendly dietary therapy used for the management of pediatric CD. CDED is designed to reduce exposure to dietary components hypothesized to negatively affect the microbiome, intestinal barrier and immunity. By focusing on five clinical cases, this article illustrates the benefits of using CDED as mono- or co-therapy with partial enteral nutrition in children with mild to moderate CD. CDED combined with partial enteral nutrition is a safe and effective therapeutic option for both induction and maintenance therapy in children with mild to moderate CD. It ensures sustained remission and can induce mucosal healing in children with mild to moderate Crohn's disease.
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- 2021
40. Dietary Management in Pediatric Patients with Crohn’s Disease
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Paolo Lionetti and Luca Scarallo
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Crohn’s disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutritional Status ,Disease ,Review ,Gut flora ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Enteral Nutrition ,children ,Crohn Disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,TX341-641 ,Medical nutrition therapy ,Child ,Crohn's disease ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Dietary management ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Parenteral nutrition ,nutrition ,Nutrition Assessment ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Dietary Supplements ,Etiology ,Dysbiosis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,dietary management ,business ,Nutritive Value ,Food Science - Abstract
It has been widely endorsed that a multifactorial etiology, including interaction between genetic and environmental factors, can contribute to Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis. More specifically, diet has proven to be able to shape gut microbiota composition and thus is suspected to play a significant role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Moreover, poor nutritional status and growth retardation, arising from several factors such as reduced dietary intake or nutrient leakage from the gastrointestinal tract, represent the hallmarks of pediatric CD. For these reasons, multiple research lines have recently focused on the utilization of dietary therapies for the management of CD, aiming to target concurrently mucosal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis and optimization of nutritional status. The forerunner of such interventions is represented by exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), a robustly supported nutritional therapy; however, it is burdened by monotony and low tolerance in the long term. Novel dietary interventions, such as Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet or Crohn’s Disease treatment with eating, have shown their efficacy in the induction of remission in pediatric patients with CD. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide a synopsis of the available nutritional strategies in the management of pediatric CD and to discuss their application in the dietary management of these patients.
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- 2021
41. Efficacy of adalimumab as second-line therapy in a pediatric cohort of Crohn’s disease patients who failed infliximab therapy: the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition experience
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Giovanna Zuin, Erasmo Miele, Marina Aloi, Paolo Lionetti, Claudio Romano, Monia Gennari, Salvatore Accomando, Alberto Ravelli, Stefano Martelossi, Patrizia Alvisi, Costantino De Giacomo, Lucio Balzani, Graziella Guariso, Serena Arrigo, Salvatore Cucchiara, Daniela Knafelz, Alvisi, Patrizia, Arrigo, Serena, Cucchiara, Salvatore, Lionetti, Paolo, Miele, Erasmo, Romano, Claudio, Ravelli, Alberto, Knafelz, Daniela, Martelossi, Stefano, Guariso, Graziella, Accomando, Salvatore, Zuin, Giovanna, De Giacomo, Costantino, Balzani, Lucio, Gennari, Monia, Aloi, Marina, Alvisi P., Arrigo S., Cucchiara S., Lionetti P., Miele E., Romano C., Ravelli A., Knafelz D., Martelossi S., Guariso G., Accomando S., Zuin G., De Giacomo C., Balzani L., Gennari M., and Aloi M.
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,adalimumab efficacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,adalimumab safety ,infliximab failure ,pediatric crohn’s disease ,Rheumatology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Adalimumab ,Immunology and Allergy ,Targets and Therapy [Biologics] ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Adverse effect ,education ,Pediatric gastroenterology ,Original Research ,Crohn's disease ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Adalimumab efficacy ,Adalimumab safety ,Infliximab failure ,Pediatric Crohn’s disease ,Oncology ,Gastroenterology ,Hepatology ,medicine.disease ,Infliximab ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,pediatric Crohn’s disease ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Patrizia Alvisi,1 Serena Arrigo,2 Salvatore Cucchiara,3 Paolo Lionetti,4 Erasmo Miele,5 Claudio Romano,6 Alberto Ravelli,7 Daniela Knafelz,8 Stefano Martelossi,9 Graziella Guariso,10 Salvatore Accomando,11 Giovanna Zuin,12 Costantino De Giacomo,13 Lucio Balzani,14 Monia Gennari,15 Marina Aloi3 On behalf of the SIGENP IBD Working Group 1Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatric Department, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; 2Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, G Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy; 3Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 4Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy; 5Pediatric Department, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 6Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; 7Gastroenterology and GI Endoscopy Unit, University Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Brescia, Italy; 8Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy; 9Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy; 10University of Padua, Padua, Italy; 11Pediatric Department, University of Palermo, G di Cristina Children’s Hospital, Palermo, Italy; 12Pediatric Unit, Buzzi Hospital, Milan, Italy; 13Pediatric Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy; 14Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy; 15Emergency Pediatric Department, S Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy Background: Adalimumab (Ada) treatment is an available option for pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) and the published experience as rescue therapy is limited.Objectives: We investigated Ada efficacy in a retrospective, pediatric CD cohort who had failed previous infliximab treatment, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.Methods: In this multicenter study, data on demographics, clinical activity, growth, laboratory values (CRP) and adverse events were collected from CD patients during follow-up. Clinical remission (CR) and response were defined with Pediatric CD Activity Index (PCDAI) score ≤10 and a decrease in PCDAI score of ≥12.5 from baseline, respectively.Results: A total of 44 patients were consecutively recruited (mean age 14.8 years): 34 of 44 (77%) had active disease (mean PCDAI score 24.5) at the time of Ada administration, with a mean disease duration of 3.4 (range 0.3–11.2) years. At 6, 12, and 18 months, out of the total of the enrolled population, CR rates were 55%, 78%, and 52%, respectively, with a significant decrease in PCDAI scores (P2 years was negatively correlated with final PCDAI score (P
- Published
- 2019
42. Use of Biosimilars in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Updated Position Statement of the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN
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Harland S. Winter, Jorge Amil Dias, Claudio Romano, Malgorzata Sladek, Arnold G. Vulto, Victorien M. Wolters, Paolo Lionetti, Amit Assa, Gábor Veres, Almuthe C. Hauer, Caterina Strisciuglio, Lissy de Ridder, Richard K. Russell, Daniela Knafelz, Jiri Bronsky, Nadeem A. Afzal, Pediatrics, Pharmacy, de Ridder, Lissy, Assa, Amit, Bronsky, Jiri, Romano, Claudio, Russell, Richard K., Afzal, Nadeem A., Hauer, Almuthe C., Knafelz, Daniela, Lionetti, Paolo, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Veres, Gábor, Winter, Harland, Wolters, Victorien M., Sladek, Malgorzata, Vulto, Arnold G., and Dias, Jorge A.
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Pediatrics ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,DOUBLE-BLIND ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals ,Child ,LONG-TERM EFFICACY ,Biologic therapies ,Gastroenterology ,Crohn disease ,Biosimilar ,Perinatology ,Ulcerative colitis ,CROHNS-DISEASE ,and Child Health ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.drug ,Position statement ,CLINICAL-OUTCOMES ,medicine.medical_specialty ,PARALLEL-GROUP ,CT-P13 INDUCTION THERAPY ,03 medical and health sciences ,inflammatory bowel disease ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,biologics ,biosimilars ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Intensive care medicine ,ulcerative colitis ,INDICATION EXTRAPOLATION ,Science & Technology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,business.industry ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,medicine.disease ,INFLIXIMAB CT-P13 ,digestive system diseases ,Infliximab ,RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS ,pediatric ,SHOW IDENTICAL REACTIVITY ,Position paper ,business - Abstract
Biologic therapies have changed the outcome of both adult and pediatric patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In September 2013, the first biosimilar of infliximab was introduced into the pharmaceutical market. In 2015, a first position paper on the use of biosimilars in pediatric IBD was published by the ESPGHAN IBD Porto group. Since then, more data have accumulated for both adults and children demonstrating biosimilars are an effective and safe alternative to the originator. In this updated position statement, we summarize current evidence and provide joint consensus statements regarding the recommended practice of biosimilar use in children with IBD. ispartof: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION vol:68 issue:1 pages:144-153 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2019
43. Population genomics reveals evolution and variation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaein the human and insects gut
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Paolo Lionetti, Luisa Berná, Irene Stefanini, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci, Monica Di Paola, Duccio Cavalieri, Noemi Tocci, Tobias Weil, Leonardo Dapporto, Matteo Ramazzotti, Carlotta De Filippo, Damariz Rivero, and Lisa Rizzetto
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Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Human gastrointestinal tract ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Yeast ,Population genomics ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Microsatellite ,Copy-number variation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The quest to discover the variety of ecological niches inhabited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae has led to research in areas as diverse as wineries, oak trees and insect guts. The discovery of fungal communities in the human gastrointestinal tract suggested the host's gut as a potential reservoir for yeast adaptation. Here, we report the existence of yeast populations associated with the human gut (HG) that differ from those isolated from other human body sites. Phylogenetic analysis on 12 microsatellite loci and 1715 combined CDSs from whole-genome sequencing revealed three subclusters of HG strains with further evidence of clonal colonization within the host's gut. The presence of such subclusters was supported by other genomic features, such as copy number variation, absence/introgressions of CDSs and relative polymorphism frequency. Functional analysis of CDSs specific of the different subclusters suggested possible alterations in cell wall composition and sporulation features. The phenotypic analysis combined with immunological profiling of these strains further showed that sporulation was related with strain-specific genomic characteristics in the immune recognition pattern. We conclude that both genetic and environmental factors involved in cell wall remodelling and sporulation are the main drivers of adaptation in S. cerevisiae populations in the human gut.
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- 2018
44. An early diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1: a case report and a review of literature
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Sara Naldini, Matteo Della Monica, Francesca Peluso, Giulia Trippella, Paolo Lionetti, and Stefano Stagi
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0301 basic medicine ,Heterozygote ,Prominent forehead ,Langer-Giedion Syndrome ,Physical examination ,Case Report ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Nose ,Short stature ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bulbous nasal tip ,Growth retardation ,Short fingers ,Sparse hair ,Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome ,TRPS ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Early Diagnosis ,Female ,Hair Diseases ,Humans ,Infant ,Mutation ,Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Family history ,Craniofacial ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Anatomy ,Repressor Proteins ,Short finger ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by defects involving the TRPS1 gene. It exhibits distinctive craniofacial, ectodermal and skeletal abnormalities, such as sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip and short deformed fingers, with extremely variable expressivity. Case presentation We report the case of a 17 months old girl, who presented growth retardation and dysmorphic features. Postnatal growth was always below − 2 Standard Deviation for both weight and length and physical examination revealed relative macrocephaly, sparse hair, bulbous nasal tip, thin upper lip, protruding ears, prominent forehead, small jaw, and short hands and feet. Patient’s mother shared the same facial features, and presented sparse hair and small hands. The maternal grandfather and two uncles presented short stature, bulbous nasal tip, thin hair, and premature alopecia. Molecular analysis of TRPS1 gene showed a heterozygous c.2086C > T;(p.Arg696Ter) mutation both in the patient and her mother, confirming the diagnosis of TRPS, type I. Conclusions Clinical phenotype of TRPS can be subtle and the syndrome often remains undiagnosed. A comprehensive clinical examination and an exhaustive family history are crucial to reach the correct diagnosis, which is essential to perform adequate follow-up and timely therapeutic procedures.
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- 2018
45. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: An Italian multicentre study on behalf of the SIGENP IBD Group
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Fortunata Civitelli, Matteo Bramuzzo, Claudia Banzato, Stefano Martelossi, Anna Dilillo, Maurizio Fuoti, Rosaria Celano, Caterina Strisciuglio, Claudio Romano, A. Marseglia, Sara Renzo, Massimo Martinelli, Simona Gatti, Lorenzo Norsa, Paolo Lionetti, Serena Arrigo, Erminia Romeo, P. Alvisi, Federica Mario, Enrico Felici, Daniela Knafelz, Roberto Panceri, Giulia D'Arcangelo, Valeria Dipasquale, Chiara Moretti, Arrigo, S., Alvisi, P., Banzato, C., Bramuzzo, M., Celano, R., Civitelli, F., D'Arcangelo, G., Dilillo, A., Dipasquale, V., Felici, E., Fuoti, M., Gatti, S., Knafelz, D., Lionetti, P., Mario, F., Marseglia, A., Martelossi, S., Moretti, C., Norsa, L., Panceri, R., Renzo, S., Romano, C., Romeo, E., Strisciuglio, C., and Martinelli, M.
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Male ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ,lockdown ,Immunosuppressive Agent ,0302 clinical medicine ,Crohn Disease ,Recurrence ,Pandemic ,Gastrointestinal Agent ,Disease management (health) ,Child ,immunosuppression ,Alimentary Tract ,Gastroenterology ,Disease Management ,Telemedicine ,Hospitalization ,Italy ,Paediatric ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Biological Product ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Electronic data ,Female ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Adolescent ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gastrointestinal Agents ,medicine ,Humans ,Biological Products ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Inflammatory Bowel Disease ,COVID-19 ,Paediatrics ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,digestive system diseases ,Emergency medicine ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,business - Abstract
Background: IBD management has been significantly affected during the COVID-19 lockdown with potential clinical issues. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian paediatric IBD cohort. Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective, cohort investigation including 21 different Italian IBD referral centres. An electronic data collection was performed among the participating centres including: clinical characteristics of IBD patients, number of COVID-19 cases and clinical outcomes, disease management during the lockdown and the previous 9 weeks. Results: 2291 children affected by IBD were enrolled. We experienced a significant reduction of the hospital admissions [604/2291 (26.3%) vs 1281/2291 (55.9%); p < 0.001]. More specifically, we observed a reduction of hospitalizations for new diagnosis (from n = 44 to n = 27) and endoscopic re-evaluations (from n = 46 to n = 8). Hospitalization for relapses and surgical procedures remained substantially unchanged. Biologic infusions did not significantly vary [393/2291 (17.1%) vs 368/2291 (16%); p = 0.3]. Telemedicine services for children with IBD were activated in 52.3% of the centres. In 42/2291(1.8%) children immunosuppressive therapies were adapted due to the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Due to the several limitations of the lockdown, cares for children with IBD have been kept to minimal standards, giving priorities to the urgencies and to biologics’ infusions and implementing telemedicine services.
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- 2021
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46. Phenotype and Natural History of Children With Coexistent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease
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Maurizio Fuoti, Sabrina Cardile, Paolo Lionetti, Claudio Romano, Claudia Grieco, Fabiola Giudici, Michele Citrano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Patrizia Alvisi, Martina Bianconi, Maria Pastore, Giovanna Zuin, Marina Aloi, M.T. Illiceto, Lorenzo Norsa, Matteo Bramuzzo, Elena Pozzi, Enrico Felici, Claudia Banzato, Mauro Congia, Erasmo Miele, Serena Arrigo, Anna Agrusti, Bramuzzo, Matteo, Lionetti, Paolo, Miele, Erasmo, Romano, Claudio, Arrigo, Serena, Cardile, Sabrina, Di Nardo, Giovanni, Illiceto, Maria Teresa, Pastore, Maria, Felici, Enrico, Fuoti, Maurizio, Banzato, Claudia, Citrano, Michele, Congia, Mauro, Norsa, Lorenzo, Pozzi, Elena, Zuin, Giovanna, Agrusti, Anna, Bianconi, Martina, Grieco, Claudia, Giudici, Fabiola, Aloi, Marina, and Alvisi, Patrizia
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Azathioprine ,Disease ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Gastroenterology ,Autoimmune Diseases ,Crohn Disease ,children ,inflammatory bowel disease ,Internal medicine ,celiac disease ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Child ,Colectomy ,Puberty, Delayed ,celiac disease, children, inflammatory bowel disease ,business.industry ,fungi ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Ulcerative colitis ,Phenotype ,digestive system diseases ,Natural history ,Case-Control Studies ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Adult patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease (CeD) have peculiar phenotypic features. This study aimed at describing the characteristics and natural history of children with both IBD and CeD. Methods This was a case-control study based on a national registry. Cases included children diagnosed with both IBD and CeD. Two matched IBD controls without CeD, and 2 matched CeD controls were selected for each case. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype and natural history, comprising growth and pubertal development, were compared between groups. Results Forty-nine (1.75%) patients with IBD and CeD were identified out of 2800 patients with IBD. Compared with patients with IBD alone, patients with IBD and CeD presented more frequently with autoimmune diseases (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 0.97–8.37; P = 0.04). Ileocolonic localization (46.1% vs 73.1%), treatment with azathioprine (46.2% vs 71.2%), and anti-TNF biologics (46.2% vs 69.2%) were less common in patients with Crohn’s disease and CeD than in patients with Crohn’s disease alone. Patients with ulcerative colitis and CeD had an increased risk of colectomy despite similar medical treatments compared with patients with ulcerative colitis alone (13.0% vs 0%). Pubertal delay was more common in patients with IBD and CeD compared with patients with IBD alone (14.9% vs 3.2%; odds artio, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.13–33.0; P = 0.02) and CeD alone (14.9% vs 1.1%; P = 0.002). Conclusions Children with IBD and CeD may have peculiar features with a higher risk for autoimmune diseases, colectomy, and pubertal delay compared with IBD alone.
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- 2021
47. Mucosal and Histologic Healing in children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease treated with anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Jacopo Barp, Sara Naldini, Giulia Bolasco, Salvatore De Masi, Sara Renzo, P. Alvisi, Paolo Lionetti, Luca Scarallo, Marcello Lanari, Monica Paci, Alice Cangiari, Michele Di Toma, Scarallo, Luca, Alvisi, Patrizia, Bolasco, Giulia, Di Toma, Michele, Lanari, Marcello, Cangiari, Alice, Paci, Monica, Naldini, Sara, Renzo, Sara, Barp, Jacopo, De Masi, Salvatore, and Lionetti, Paolo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Necrosis ,Alpha (ethology) ,Inflammation ,Gastroenterology ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,pediatric IBD, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, anti TNF-alpha ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Adalimumab ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucosal healing (MH) and histological healing (HH) have been recently proposed as a novel treatment target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate real-life achievement of such outcomes in a cohort of pediatric patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF-alpha (ATA) agents. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients affected by IBD who received ATA and were followed up at two referral centers. Incidence and cumulative rates for MH and HH for each group were calculated. RESULTS Of 170 (105 Crohn's disease [CD] and 65 ulcerative colitis [UC]) patients, 78 with CD and 56 with UC underwent endoscopic re-assessment during the study period. MH was achieved by 32 CD (41%) and 30 UC (53.6%) patients; 26 CD (33.3%) and 22 UC (39.3%) patients achieved HH. MH incidence rate was 19.1/1000 and 47/1000 person-months, whereas HH incidence rate was 15.5/1000 and 34.7/1000 person-months for CD and UC, respectively. Remission at the end of induction was associated with higher MH and HH rates (HR: 2.43, P = 0.049 and HR: 2.94, P = 0.046, respectively) in CD. In UC, adalimumab was associated with lower MH and HH rates (HR: 0.16, P = 0.004 and HR: 0.07, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS We reported a real-life experience arising from a large cohort of pediatric IBD who received ATA scheduled treatment. Less than half of patients with CD and only a little >50% of UC patients achieved MH. Microscopical inflammation was observed in 18.8% CD and 26.7% UC patients who achieved MH. Overall, MH and HH rates appear lower compared to previously published data.
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- 2021
48. Management of paediatric IBD after the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A position paper on behalf of the SIGENP IBD working group
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Federica Mario, Federica Nuti, Chiara Moretti, Claudia Banzato, Lorenzo Norsa, Stefano Martelossi, Claudio Romano, Caterina Strisciuglio, Sara Renzo, Antonio Corsello, Maurizio Fuoti, Massimo Martinelli, Anna Dilillo, Zeno Giusti, Paolo Lionetti, Simona Gatti, Valeria Dipasquale, Fortunata Civitelli, Erminia Romeo, A. Marseglia, Enrico Felici, Matteo Bramuzzo, Roberto Panceri, Stefania Rampado, Serena Arrigo, Patrizia Alvisi, Daniela Knafelz, Giulia D'Arcangelo, Arrigo, Serena, Alvisi, Patrizia, Banzato, Claudia, Bramuzzo, Matteo, Civitelli, Fortunata, Corsello, Antonio, D'Arcangelo, Giulia, Dilillo, Anna, Dipasquale, Valeria, Felici, Enrico, Fuoti, Maurizio, Gatti, Simona, Giusti, Zeno, Knafelz, Daniela, Lionetti, Paolo, Mario, Federica, Marseglia, Antonio, Martelossi, Stefano, Moretti, Chiara, Norsa, Lorenzo, Nuti, Federica, Panceri, Roberto, Rampado, Stefania, Renzo, Sara, Romano, Claudio, Romeo, Erminia, Strisciuglio, Caterina, Martinelli, Massimo, Arrigo, S., Alvisi, P., Banzato, C., Bramuzzo, M., Civitelli, F., Corsello, A., D'Arcangelo, G., Dilillo, A., Dipasquale, V., Felici, E., Fuoti, M., Gatti, S., Giusti, Z., Knafelz, D., Lionetti, P., Mario, F., Marseglia, A., Martelossi, S., Moretti, C., Norsa, L., Nuti, F., Panceri, R., Rampado, S., Renzo, S., Romano, C., Romeo, E., Strisciuglio, C., and Martinelli, M.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19, Inflammatory bowel disease, Paediatrics ,SARS-CoV2 ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Guidelines ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Pediatrics ,Disease course ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Child ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Gastroenterology ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,Paediatrics ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Organizational Innovation ,Italy ,Paediatric ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Communicable Disease Control ,Position paper ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Risk Adjustment ,business ,Human - Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spreading in Italy during the first months of 2020, abruptly changed the way of practicing medicine in this country. As a consequence of the lockdown, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of paediatric chronic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been affected. During the peak of COVID-19 pandemic, elective visits, endoscopies and infusions have been postponed, with potential clinical and psychological impact on disease course and a high likelihood of increasing waiting lists. While slowly moving back towards normality, clinicians need to recognize the best ways to care for patients with IBD, carefully avoiding risk factors for new potential epidemic outbreaks. In this uncertain scenario until the development and spread of COVID-19 vaccine, it is necessary to continue to operate with caution. Hereby we provide useful indications for a safer and gradual restarting of routine clinical activities after COVID-19 peak in Italy.
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- 2020
49. A Narrative Review on Pediatric Scurvy: The Last Twenty Years
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Trapani, S., Rubino, C., Giuseppe Indolfi, and Paolo Lionetti
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Delayed Diagnosis ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Ascorbic Acid ,limp ,Diagnosis, Differential ,children ,Ascorbic Acid Deficiency ,Humans ,TX341-641 ,Scurvy ,hemorrhage ,Child ,musculoskeletal pain ,Food Science - Abstract
Scurvy is a well-known clinical condition caused by vitamin C deficiency. Although considered a rare disease in high-income countries, it has been recently increasingly reported in children, especially in those with abnormal dietary habits, mental or physical disabilities. We performed an extensive review of the literature analyzing studies published in the last 20 years focusing on clinical features, differential diagnosis and diagnostic delay. Fifteen articles were selected, collectively reporting a total of 166 children. Because of the wide clinical spectrum (musculoskeletal complaints and/or mucocutaneous lesions or systemic symptoms), scurvy can mimic several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and neoplasia. In addition, frequent findings such as normal nutritional status, anemia or elevated inflammatory markers may guide clinicians towards the abovementioned misdiagnoses. Scurvy should be considered in patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, not only in those with risk factors but also in healthy children. A focused dietary history and a careful physical examination, assessing other signs of vitamin C deficiency, are mandatory in these patients. When suspected, the dosage of serum vitamin C is the diagnostic gold standard; furthermore, imaging studies, performed by an expert radiologist, can reveal the typical features of scurvy. Only early diagnosis can avoid unnecessary investigations and potentially fatal complications of the disease.
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- 2022
50. OP16 Characterization of the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Paediatric Patients with Isolated Colonic Crohn’s Disease: A Multi-center Study from the Porto Group of ESPGHAN
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B. Weiss, J Meredith, A Yerushalmi, L Ramasamy Padmanaban, Nicholas M. Croft, L Scarrallo, Valeria Dipasquale, Patrizia Alvisi, D Urlep, Claudio Romano, M Knudsen, Daniela Elena Serban, M Gasparetto, Paolo Lionetti, Raanan Shamir, M Matar, Erasmo Miele, D Yogev, Eytan Wine, Lorenzo Norsa, Annamaria Staiano, J Bronski, T Berger, Iva Hojsak, Oren Ledder, V Manuel Navas-López, Marina Aloi, H Miin Lee, Kaija-Leena Kolho, and Dror S. Shouval
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0303 health sciences ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Crohn's disease ,Colonic Crohn's disease ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Ulcerative colitis ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Hematochezia ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Multi center study ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Irritable bowel syndrome ,030304 developmental biology ,Paediatric patients - Abstract
Background Isolated colonic (L2) Crohn’s disease (CD) in adults is thought to have unique clinical and genetic features compared with ileal (L1) CD and ulcerative colitis (UC). Similar studies in paediatrics are scarce. Our goal was to characterize the clinical features of paediatric patients with isolated colonic CD and compare them to patients with ileo-cecal CD and those with UC. Methods This was a multi-center retrospective study including 21 sites affiliated with the Porto IBD group and IBD interest group of ESPGHAN. Data of paediatric patients diagnosed between 2014–2017 with L1 or L2 CD, or with UC, was collected, including information on demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters at diagnosis, end of induction, 1 year and 3 years after diagnosis (or at last follow-up). Results Data was collected on 300 children (102 L1, 94 L2, 104 UC) with similar demographic features. At diagnosis, bloody stools were identified in 45% of L2 patients, compared with 15% and 95% of L1 and UC patients, respectively (P Conclusion Paediatric patients with isolated colonic CD exhibit several clinical features which differentiate them from ileo-cecal CD and UC. Prospective studies are required to understand the pathogenesis of this unique entity and define short- and long-term outcomes.
- Published
- 2021
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