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Abstract Background Important evidence has been constantly produced and needs to be converted into practice. Professional consumption of such evidence may be a barrier to its implementation. Then, effective implementation of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice leans on the understanding of how professionals value attributes when choosing between options for dental care, permitting to guide this implementation process by maximizing strengthens and minimizing barriers related to that. Methods This is part of a broader project investigating the potential of incorporating scientific evidence into clinical practice and public policy recommendations and guidelines, identifying strengths and barriers in such an implementation process. The present research protocol comprises a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) from the Brazilian oral health professionals’ perspective, aiming to assess how different factors are associated with professional decision-making in dental care, including the role of scientific evidence. Different choice sets will be developed, either focusing on understanding the role of scientific evidence in the professional decision-making process or on understanding specific attributes associated with different interventions recently tested in randomized clinical trials and available as newly produced scientific evidence to be used in clinical practice. Discussion Translating research into practice usually requires time and effort. Shortening this process may be useful for faster incorporation into clinical practice and beneficial to the population. Understanding the context and professionals’ decision-making preferences is crucial to designing more effective implementation and/or educational initiatives. Ultimately, we expect to design an efficient implementation strategy that overcomes threats and potential opportunities identified during the DCEs, creating a customized structure for dental professionals. Trial registration https://osf.io/bhncv .

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados à insegurança na realização das atividades laborais durante a pandemia de COVID-19 entre profissionais de saúde bucal do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ceará. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados secundários disponibilizados pela Coordenadoria de Atenção à Saúde do Ceará, coletados em maio de 2020. Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: participaram 801 profissionais, dos quais 72,8% eram cirurgiões-dentistas, 73,9% relataram não ter recebido todos os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) recomendados e 58,2% relataram não se sentirem seguros para realizar atividades laborais. Na análise ajustada, foram associados à insegurança laboral: maior tempo de formação (RC=1,90; IC95%: 1,12; 3,20), vínculo empregatício efetivo (RC=1,85; IC95%: 1,15; 2,99) e não recebimento de todos os EPI recomendados (RC=1,84; IC95%: 1,16; 2,91); enquanto a chance de insegurança foi menor entre os profissionais que atuavam no nível secundário de atenção à saúde (RC=0,52; IC95%: 0,28; 0,96). Conclusão: os profissionais relataram situação de insegurança laboral durante a primeira onda da pandemia. O estudo revelou a necessidade de melhorias nas condições de trabalho com distribuição de EPI de forma equitativa em todo o estado, garantindo um exercício laboral mais seguro.

The transgenic foods had appeared as result of the scientific and technological advances of genetic engineering applied to agriculture, configuring themselves in a current quarrel and sufficient controversy, about how much the benefits and curses brought to the consumers and the proper environment. In this intention, this study has as objective to verify the level of knowledge of customers of a supermarket of the noble area of the city of Fortaleza, on the thematic of the transgenic. Questionnaires structuralized with questions on transgenic foods with consumers of a situated supermarket in noble area of the city of Fortaleza in the period of March of 2003 had been applied. Sixty consumers had participated of the study who at the moment were making purchases in the supermarket. It was presented the end of the interview, to each consumer, a list of products, removed of the guide of the transgenic food consumer and not transgenic, available on the Greenpeace. In each list, people would have to recognize or not products of its habitual consumption. It was verified that 50% of the interviewed people had higher level of school knowledge, with 63,3% answering that they knew what transgenic foods are; 53,3% always look at the label during the purchase, being that the majority (76,7%) never saw, in the label, mention if the product is or not transgenic. It was evidenced, when interrogating on the possible risks to the health, that 33.3% find that they cause illnesses, however 51.7% would not be imported in consuming them. The opinion of the people regarding the release of these products is major (73,3%) in agreeing that the Federal Government must wait more research. From the list of products presented to the interviewed, 60% had told that they consume enter 5 to 9 products. It was evidenced that still a lack knowledge exists on the presence of transgenic in industrialized products, as well as how much to the risks consuming it. It has necessity of development of action of awareness of the group how much to the question of the right to the alimentary security

This anthropological study critically evaluates Brazilian caregivers' symbolic production and significance of their malnourished offspring's primary teeth, as well as their own, and describes popular dental practices. From January to June 2004, ethnographic interviews of 27 poor, low-literacy mothers were conducted at a public Malnutrition Treatment Center in Fortaleza, Ceará State. Participant observation of clinical pathways and home environments supplemented the data. Content analysis was performed. Results confirm that primary teeth are imbued with cultural significance in Northeast Brazil. Mothers examine mouths, perceive signs of decay, associate primary with permanent tooth healthiness, identify ethnodental illnesses, seek assistance, and perform rituals with exfoliated teeth. The mother's motivation to care for primary teeth is sparked by her memories of past toothache and attempts to avoid stigma and discrimination. Social determinants, not mothers' beliefs or behaviors, are the most critical obstacles to effective dental care. Legitimizing lay knowledge and empowering caregivers and children can improve oral health in Northeast Brazil.Este estudo antropológico analisa a produção simbólica de cuidadoras brasileiras sobre a sua dentição e a de seus filhos desnutridos, descrevendo práticas populares de cuidados em saúde bucal. De janeiro a junho de 2004, foram conduzidas entrevistas etnográficas com 27 cuidadoras, numa instituição pública, no tratamento de desnutrição em Fortaleza, Ceará. A observação participante da dinâmica de atendimento e do ambiente domiciliar suplementaram os dados. Foi utilizada a análise temática. Os resultados confirmam que os dentes decíduos são imbuídos de significados culturais no nordeste brasileiro. As mães examinam as bocas dos filhos, percebem sinais de cárie, associam dentes decíduos saudáveis com permanentes hígidos, identificam enfermidades etnodentárias, procuram assistência e praticam rituais com dente decíduo esfoliado. A motivação das mães para o cuidado com dente decíduo é envolvida por experiências de dor de dente e tentativas de evitar estigma e discriminação. Dificuldades de acesso, serviços precários, pobreza e desigualdade social colocam em risco a saúde bucal das crianças e não crenças e comportamentos maternos. A legitimação do conhecimento de cuidadoras e seu empoderamento podem melhorar a saúde bucal no nordeste brasileiro.

A gestação abrange dimensões sócio-culturais, históricas e afetivas, que processam no corpo das mulheres diversos sentidos e significados. Cada sociedade constrói concepções, práticas ou modelos explicativos populares, que se diferenciam do modelo biomédico e visam a proteger a mãe-feto, promovendo uma gravidez saudável. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na antropologia interpretativa, desvela as experiências vivenciadas por 27 mulheres pobres e suas repercussões na desnutrição dos filhos atendidos num Centro de Desnutrição Infantil em Fortaleza, Nordeste brasileiro. De janeiro a junho de 2004, foram realizadas entrevistas etnográficas e narrativas sobre fraqueza de nascença e observação-participante de cuidados no ambulatório, enfermaria e domicílios. Conforme se argumenta, as mães acreditam que seus sofrimentos físicos, emocionais e a precária condição nutricional é "impressa" no feto, resultando na desnutrição do filho. Enquanto a etnoetiologia da "fraqueza" aponta fatores externos do corpo que involuntariamente atingem a gestante, a visão médica relatada tende a culpabilizar a mãe. É preciso compreender a narrativa das mães, sensibilizar-se com o seu sofrimento e aproximar as concepções populares e biomédicas.Pregnancy encompasses socio-cultural, historical, and affective dimensions that process various meanings in women's bodies. Each society constructs popular concepts, practices, and explanatory models that differ from the biomedical model and aim to protect the mother and fetus and foster a healthy pregnancy. This qualitative study, based on interpretative anthropology, unveils the experiences of 27 poor women and their repercussions on the malnutrition of their infants, treated at a Childhood Malnutrition Treatment Center in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. From January to June 2004, ethnographic and narrative interviews were conducted on so-called "birth weakness", in addition to participant observation of outpatient, nursing, and home childcare. The mothers believed that their own physical and emotional suffering and precarious nutritional status were "imprinted" on the fetus, resulting in the child's malnutrition. While the ethno-etiology of "weakness" points to factors outside the body that involuntarily affect the pregnant mother, the medical view tended to incriminate the mother herself. It is necessary to understand the mothers' narratives, sympathize with their suffering, and spawn a closer approach between the popular and biomedical concepts.

Despite increased vector control efforts, dengue fever remains endemic in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil, where sporadic epidemic outbreaks have occurred since 1986. Multiple factors affect vector ecology such as social policy, migration, urbanization, city water supply, garbage disposal and housing conditions, as well as community level understanding of the disease and related practices. This descriptive study used a multi-disciplinary approach that bridged anthropology and entomology. A multiple case study design was adopted to include research in six study areas, defined as blocks. The water supply is irregular in households from both under-privileged and privileged areas, however, clear differences exist. In the more privileged blocks, several homes are not connected to the public water system, but have a well and pump system and therefore irregularity of supply does not affect them. In households from under-privileged blocks, where the water supply is irregular, the frequent use of water containers such as water tanks, cisterns, barrels and pots, creates environmental conditions with a greater number of breeding areas. In under-privileged homes, there are more possible breeding areas and environmental conditions that may improve the chances of Aedes aegypti survival.Apesar do crescimento de esforços no controle, desde 1986, a dengue, em Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil, continua endêmica com esporádicos surtos epidêmicos. Diversos fatores influenciam a ecologia do vetor, como as políticas sociais, a migração, a urbanização, o abastecimento urbano de água, a coleta de resíduos sólidos, as condições das casas, assim como as interpretações e práticas da comunidade. Este estudo descritivo utiliza uma abordagem multidisciplinar conjugando a antropologia e a entomologia. Foi adotado um desenho de estudo de caso múltiplo em seis quarteirões da cidade. O abastecimento de água é irregular seja nas casas pobres, seja naquelas privilegiadas. Apesar disso, existem diferenças entre os quarteirões em áreas pobres e aqueles mais privilegiados. Nos quarteirões mais privilegiados, existem casas que não têm ligação com o sistema de abastecimento público mas têm sistemas com poço e bomba, por isso a irregularidade não os afeta. Nos domicílios mais pobres, onde o abastecimento de água é irregular, a utilização de reservatórios como caixas d'água, cisternas, tambores, potes, cria as condições ambientais para um maior número de criadouros potenciais que poderiam incrementar a sobrevivência do Aedes aegypti.