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Background: For improvement of quantitative traits the information on nature of gene action is an important asset for plant breeders. However, the information on gene action for yield and its attributes is scanty in pigeonpea crop. Methods: The present experiment was carried out during kharif 2018-2020 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experimental material consisted of six generations of three crosses viz., PADT-16 × PUSA 992, PADT-16 × UPAS 120 and PADT-16 × PAU 881. The observations were recorded on nine morphological characters. The gene action was estimated by three parameters model of Jinks and Jones if scaling tests were non significant and six parameters model of Hayman if scaling tests were significant. Result: For majority of traits in all three crosses, epistatic gene action was present as scaling tests were found to be significant. However, for traits number of primary branches, number of secondary branches and number of seeds per pod in cross PADT-16 × UPAS 120 a simple additive/dominance model was found to be adequate. In general, magnitude of dominance was found to be higher as compared to corresponding additive gene action. The high magnitude of dominance indicated that heterosis breeding is rewarding in these characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pigeonpea is second most important pulse crop of India after chickpea and it is necessary to identify its high yielding and stable genotypes to feed the increasing population of country. Methods: The present study was laid down in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif season of 2016-2019 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar using twenty genotypes of pigeonpea with an aim to identify the high yielding and stable genotypes. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on mean seed yield and Average of Sum of Ranks (ASR) of all measures (Parametric and nonparametric) was used in present study. Result: The pooled ANOVA revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes, environments and G x E interaction effects. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis indicated the genotypes PA 622 (yield=1774.85 kg/ha, ASR=2.00), PA 620 (yield= 1579.92 kg/ha, ASR=2.18), UPAS 120 (yield=1268.57 kg/ha, ASR=2.87), PA 626 (yield=1571.40 kg/ha, ASR=5.56), PUSA 992 (yield= 1331.17 kg/ha, ASR=5.68) and PA 628 (yield= 1271.50 kg/ha, ASR=7.06) as most stable and high yielding and hence these genotypes can be recommended for pigeonpea improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The productivity of chickpea needs to be increased significantly to exploit the maximum benefit from the increasing world market demand for this crop. Hence, the objective of this study was to find suitable heterotic cross combinations for yield and yield related traits in chickpea. Methods: The present study on chickpea was conducted at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during rabi season of 2018-2019. It comprised a half-diallel set of seven diverse parents viz. PG5 and PG170 and five ICRISAT chickpea collections viz. ICC13124, ICC14778, ICC14815, ICC16348 and ICC16349 and their 21 F1 crosses were used for heterosis studies through 7×7 diallel analysis with respect to seed yield and other yield contributing traits. Result: Variance components of combining ability revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were important for yield and yield related traits. The parent ICC13124 was best general combiner for yield and related traits. It was also one of the parents in best specific combinations for seed yield. The crosses viz. PG170×ICC16349 (7.15), ICC13124×ICC14815 (3.22) and ICC13124×ICC14778 (3.00) were the best specific cross combinations for seed yield. The highest heterosis for seed yield was observed in cross PG170×ICC16349 (73.14%) followed by ICC13124×ICC14815 (43.17%) and ICC13124×ICC14778 (41.09%). The results showed direct association between the specific combining abilities of the crosses and heterotic response indicating the involvement of additive × additive type of interactions causing heterosis. Hence, the GCA, SCA and per se performance of the crosses should be given equal importance while selecting for heterotic combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Botrytis grey mould (BGM) is a fungal disease of chickpea and can infect plants at any stage of development. In order to develop the resistant varieties, it is a necessary to understand the pattern of inheritance of its resistance and hence experiments were conducted during rabi 2014-17 at field area of GBPUAT, Pantnagar. Methods: The six different generations of three crosses i.e., DKG 876 x GNG1581, DKG 876 x H 208 and DKG 876 x DCP 92-3 were used as experimental material. All six generations were sown in compact family block design and data obtained from field disease screening were subjected to chi-square analysis. Result: The results revealed that resistance to BGM was dominant over susceptibility. The inheritance of resistance against BGM showed monogenic dominant resistance in ratio of 3 (resistant):1 (susceptible). The results of present study showed the presence of a major gene in governing resistance to BGM in chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Botrytis grey mould (BGM) is a devastating foliar disease of chickpea. In order to develop resistant high yielding varieties, the genetic mechanism governing the inheritance of resistance against BGM must be decoded. The molecular markers associated with BGM resistance are also need to be validated for marker assisted pyramiding of BGM resistance in chickpea. Methods: The present study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-18 at GBPUAT, Pantnagar. The experimental material consisted of six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of a cross between a BGM resistant variety GL 10006 and susceptible variety H 208. The disease data was scored on nine-point (1-9) scale and were subjected to chi-square analysis. The inheritance was also studied by using 28 STMS markers at the Pulse Breeding Laboratory of GBPUAT, Pantnagar during 2017-18. The Single Marker Analysis was performed for validation of markers associated with BGM. Result: The results indicated that resistance for BGM in chickpea is dominant over susceptibility. A major QTL i.e. TA118 along with some minor QTLs are involved in governing resistance to BGM. The marker TA118, TS72 and TA144 can be used effectively in marker assisted selection for getting desirable recombinants in chickpea breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of two primers TA144 and TR29 for their linkage with botrytis grey mould resistance gene was studied in twenty genotypes of chickpea including resistant (GL10006) and susceptible (DCP92-3) checks. The genotypes were also scored for disease reaction under natural exposure at hot spot location. Molecular analysis with primers TA144 and TR29 showed polymorphic bands in GL10006 and DCP92-3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the primers are linked with resistance gene. The genotypes that showed amplicons with both the primers at same or nearby positions of resistant check were HK-2, HK-4, BG-1003, KAK-2 and GNG-1969 and indicated as resistant or moderately resistant ones. The above genotypes were also found resistant under natural field condition. Thus both the primers TA144 and TR29 showed good correlation with phenotypic evaluation in most of the genotypes studied. In future, more number of primers nearby the resistance gene(s) can be tried for their contribution towards overall disease reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diallel analysis was used to understand the nature of gene effects to determine the nature, magnitude and direction of heterosis and to identify promising single cross based on mean performance, heterosis, GCA and SCA effect and to dissect the kind of gene action governing the economic traits in lentil. Eight lentil parents and their 28 F1S (excluding reciprocals) along with 2 checks were evaluated. Among parents, investigation of highest gca effects illustrated that PL 406 and L 4188 were good general combiners for most of yield. Cross PL 7 x PL 406 showed better parent as well as standard heterosis over check for maximum number of traits viz., harvest index, pods per cluster, seeds per pod and secondary branches per plant and yield. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in governing the inheritance of traits. This study suggests, even parents with poor GCA possess the potential to produce heterotic crosses. The manifestation of high amount of heterosis for seed yield and component traits by a large number of crosses suggest for the need to maintain heterozygosity in the population for maximum expression of the traits in desired direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The leguminous chickpea is a good source of protein, but its yield potential is frequently constrained by biotic stresses, primarily Helicoverpa armigera, a major havoc for cultivation of the crop. To develop host plant resistance for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, five kabuli parents with desired traits for pod borer tolerance were crossed in diallel mating design to produce 10 crosses which were analysed for traits related to pod borer and nutrition. Based on correlation studies, trichome density was found positively correlated with phenol content, but both the traits were negatively associated with number of damaged seeds. Therefore, the tolerant genotypes were identified on the basis of phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and field rating. Among parents ICC 12197 was found superior in terms of yield and borer tolerance features with an intermediate pest resistance susceptible rating in addition to higher Fe content. However, significant sca effects for higher phenol content and seed yield in ICC 11764 × ICC 14190 were recorded with reduced number of damaged seeds in addition to higher Fe and Zn content. It was observed that the specific combination involved good and poor combiners for each trait. The same cross also showed significant standard heterosis in desirable direction for phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and seed yield. Additionally, the ratio of σ2 GCA to σ2 SCA revealed nonadditive gene action in controlling the expression of phenol content, trichome density, number of damaged seeds and Fe and Zn content. Thus, breeder may focus efforts on desirable cross utilizing selection in further segregating generations for higher phenol content, trichome density and Fe and Zn content in addition to yield‐related traits while lesser number of damaged seeds per plant to concentrate for development of pod borer resilient high yielding kabuli genotypes to combat micronutrient deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]