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The current study focused on the characterization of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) isolates and the prediction of antigenic epitopes for peptide-based diagnostics or vaccines. The study utilized a BoHV-1 isolate (BoHV-1/ABT/LUVAS/ HSR/2016) stored in the department which was earlier isolated from vaginal swab of aborted buffalo. The nucleotide sequencing of the gE gene showed a partial length of 689 bp, exhibiting a 98-99.85% identity with BoHV-1.1 and 1.2 strains from Indian and global sequences available in GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the BoHV-1 isolate with BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2 strains. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed characteristic signal sequences, conserved cysteine residues, glycosylation site, and a substitution (L→H) at the 164th position, distinguishing it from other strains.Antigenic epitopes were predicted using various methods, including Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction, Bepipred, ABCpred, and SVMTrip. In total 50 antigenic epitopes were predicted of which the Kolaskar & Tongaonkar method identified 21 antigenic peptides ranging from 6-21 amino acids in length within the 568-mer sequence. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable insights into the phylogenetic relation and peptide profiling of gE gene of BoHV-1. Moreover, this study enriches the knowledge related to gE which contributes to the prevention and control strategies against BoHV-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of clean water and the depletion of non-renewable resources provide challenges to modern society. The widespread use of conventional wastewater treatment necessitates significant financial and energy expenditure. Constructed Wetland Microbial Fuel Cells (CW-MFCs), a more recent alternative technology that incorporates a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) inside a Constructed Wetland (CW), can alleviate these problems. By utilizing a CW's inherent redox gradient, MFC can produce electricity while also improving a CW's capacity for wastewater treatment. Electroactive bacteria in the anaerobic zone oxidize the organic contaminants in the wastewater, releasing electrons and protons in the process. Through an external circuit, these electrons travel to the cathode and produce electricity. Researchers have demonstrated the potential of CW-MFC technology in harnessing bio-electricity from wastewater while achieving pollutant removal at the lab and pilot scales, using both domestic and industrial wastewater. However, several limitations, such as inadequate removal of nitrogen, phosphates, and toxic organic/inorganic pollutants, limits its applicability on a large scale. In addition, the whole system must be well optimized to achieve effective wastewater treatment along with energy, as the ecosystem of the CW-MFC is large, and has diverse biotic and abiotic components which interact with each other in a dynamic manner. Therefore, by modifying important components and optimizing various influencing factors, the performance of this hybrid system in terms of wastewater treatment and power generation can be improved, making CW-MFCs a cost-effective, cleaner, and more sustainable approach for wastewater treatment that can be used in real-world applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern requirements of agriculture require new approaches to provide the region with high-quality feed and develop new methods of their production. Therefore, solving the problem of providing animals with cheap complete grass fodder, the production of which is based on modern technologies, taking into account the existing trends of climate change, is undoubtedly relevant in this region. Medicinal Plants have been implemented for hundreds of years by peoples throughout the World. Using ordinary, plant-acquired medicines that are beneficial and healthier than prescription drugs derived from a combination of products is in high demand by users. The remedial plants are of immense significance because they are consumed as medicines. Skimmia laureola annual aromatic evergreen shrub belongs to the family Rutaceae, The Skimmia laureola suggests various measures of antibacterial activity. The warm and chilled water extract of Skimmia laureola manifests antibacterial activity against the microbes but not to the maximum level. Leaf and stem give necessary oils which are having various constituents. Pharmaceutical research has revealed important activity of various extracts as anti-inflammatory delegates, antimicrobial between others, carrying some of its essential uses. Medicinal plants are vitally used because they are consumed as medicines. The main objective of the current finding was to illustrate the possible activities of the plant with its distribution, morphology, chemical constituents, and medicinal uses. In this review, we will focus on antibacterial and antimalarial properties as well as Skimmia laureola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]