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Glavni cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi stepen zavisnosti od interneta i društvenih mreža kod mladih odraslih ljudi na teritoriji gra-da Beograda tokom epidemije kovid-19 i povezanost ovih vidova za-visnosti s anksioznošću i depresijom. Istraživanje je urađeno na uzor-ku od 500 mladih odraslih ljudi starosti od 18 do 30 godina na teritoriji grada Beograda. Za procenu nivoa depresije, anksioznosti i mentalnog distresa, korišćena je Skala depresije, anksioznosti i stre-sa DASS-21. Nivo zavisnosti od interneta procenjivao se Testom zavi-snosti od interneta IAT. Zavisnost od društvenih mreža bila je evalui-rana pitanjima koncipiranim na osnovu dijagnostičkih kriterijuma Svetske zdravstvene organizacije i Međunarodne klasifikacije bolesti MKB-11. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je tokom vanrednog stanja 2020. godine došlo do statistički visoko signifikantnog porasta upo-trebe pojedinih društvenih mreža kao i da su se u ovom periodu stati-stički značajno povećali indikatori koji ukazuju na zavisnost od dru-štvenih mreža. Takođe, tokom istraživanja opservirane su pozitivne korelacije između skora zavisnosti od interneta i skorova za mentalni distres, anksioznost i depresiju. Ovi rezultati pored ostalog ukazuju da postoji potreba za većim angažovanjem države i društva u cilju očuvanja i unapređenja mentalnog zdravlja mladih, kao i da je potreb-no raditi na podizanju svesti o štetnim posledicama prekomerne upotrebe interneta i društvenih mreža u ovoj populaciji u kontekstu javno-zdravstvenih kriza kao što je aktuelna pandemija kovid-19., The main goal of our research was to determine the degree of Internet and social net-work addiction among young adults in the city of Belgrade during the COVID-19 ep-idemic and the association between these types of addiction and anxiety and depres-sion. The research was done on a sample of 500 young adults aged 18 to 30 in the city of Belgrade. To assess the levels of depression, anxiety and mental distress, the „De-pression, Anxiety and Stress Scales“ DASS-21 was used. The level of Internet addic-tion was assessed by the IAT „Internet Addiction Test“. Dependence on social net-works was evaluated with questions made on the basis of diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization and the International Classification of Diseases ICD-11. The results of the research indicate that during the state of emergency in 2020, there was a statistically highly significant increase in the use of certain social networks, and that parameters indicating dependence on social networks increased statistically sig-nificantly in this period. Also, during the research, positive correlations were observed between the score of internet addiction and the scores for mental distress, anxiety and depression. These results indicate, among other things, that there is a need for greater involvement of the state and society to preserve and improve the mental health of young people, and that it is necessary to raise awareness of the harmful effects of excessive use of the Internet and social networks in this population in the context of health crises such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis is a contemporary and innovative computational method for the assessment of textural patterns, applicable in almost any area of microscopy. The aim of our research was to perform the GLCM analysis of cell nuclei in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells after the induction of sublethal cell damage with ethyl alcohol, and to evaluate the performance of various machine learning (ML) models regarding their ability to separate damaged from intact cells. For each cell nucleus, five GLCM parameters were calculated: angular second moment, inverse difference moment, GLCM contrast, GLCM correlation, and textural variance. Based on the obtained GLCM data, we applied three ML approaches: neural network, random trees, and binomial logistic regression. Statistically significant differences in GLCM features were observed between treated and untreated cells. The multilayer perceptron neural network had the highest classification accuracy. The model also showed a relatively high level of sensitivity and specificity, as well as an excellent discriminatory power in the separation of treated from untreated cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to create a relatively sensitive GLCM-based ML model for the detection of alcohol-induced damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell nuclei.

Gojaznost je definisana povećanjem masne mase tela koja dovodi do narušavanja zdravlja. Gojazne osobe imaju veliki rizik za razvoj sleep apnea sindroma, hiperlipidemije, hipertenzije, koronarne vaskularne bolesti, insulinske rezistenzije i dijabetesa. Poslednjih 15 godina ekvivalentan porast prevalence gojaznosti i terminalne bubrežne slabosti uslovio je i povećan interes za ispitivanje uloge gojaznosti u nastanku gojaznošću uslovljene bolesti bubrega. Gojaznost ne samo da ubrzava progresiju već postojećeg bubrežnog oštećenja, već je i sama po sebi nezavistan faktor rizika za nastanak bubrežnog oštećenja. Najpoznatija bubrežna bolest nastala zbog gojaznosti je gojaznošću uslovljena glomerulopatija (GUG), entitet koji se karakteriše proteinurijom, glomerulomegalijom, progresivnom glomerulosklerozom i smanjenjem funkcije bubrega. Ovaj patohistološki entitet je sekundarna forma bolesti glomerula kod gojaznih bolesnika sa morfološkim karakteristikama fokalno segmentne glomeruloskleroze (FSGS) i uvećanjem glomerula ili samo uvećanjem glomerula. Srećom, sve gojazne osobe neće razviti GUG. Cilj: Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je utvrditi parametre morfometrijske i fraktalne analize glomerula, klinički tok i ishod nakon dve godine praćenja gojaznih i negojaznih ispitanika. Metode: Studija je obavljena na Klinici za nefrologiju, Kliničkog centra Srbije u periodu od 2015. do 2017.godine. Patohistološka analiza tkiva bubrega obavljena je na Institutu za patologiju, Medicinskog fakulteta. U studiju je uključeno 125 ispitanika (77 muškaraca, prosečne starosti 46.92±15.10 godina) kod kojih postavljena dijagnoza: fokalno segmentne glomeruloskleroze, IgA nefropatije, membranoznog glomerulonefritisa, membranoproliferativnog glomerulonefritisa, bolest minimalnih promena, dijabetesne nefropatije i nefroangioskleroze. Na osnovu indeksa telesne mase ispitanici su podeljeni u dve grupe: gojazni (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2- 63 ispitanika, prosečne starosti 50.1±15.1 godina) i negojazni (BMI< 27 kg/m2, Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obese persons are at a greater risc to develop sleep apnea syndrome, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary vascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes. During the last 15 years there has been an equivalent dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity and end stage renal disease, increasing the interest on the role of obesity- related kidney disease. Obesity not only increases the risk preexisting renal disease progression, but is itself also the independent risk factor of renal injury. The best known renal disease secondary to obesity is obesity related glomerulopathy (ORG), a distinct entity featuring proteinuria, glomerulomegalia, progressive glomerulosclerosis and renal functional decline. This pathohistological entity is described as a secondary form of glomerular disease in obese patients with morphological characteristics of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and enlargement of the glomeruli, or only by enlargement of the glomeruli. Fortunately, not all obese persons develop ORG. Aim: The aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the glomerular morphometry, fractal analysis parameters, clinical features and two years outcome in obese and non-obese patients. Methods: The study was performed at the Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical center of Serbia in the period between 2015 and 2017 year. The pathohistological analysis of kidney tissue was done at the Institute for Pathology, School of Medicine. The study included 125 patients (77 males, mean age 46.92±15.10 years) who were diagnosed with one of the following diseases: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), IgA nephropathy, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, diabetic nephropathy and nephroangiosclerosis. Based on BMI patients were divided into two groups: obese (BMI≥ 27 kg/m2- 63 patients, mean age 50.1±15.1 years) and non-obese (BMI< 27 kg/m2- 62

Imajući u vidu dokazanu povezanost između promena u strukturnoj kompleksnosti tkiva i pojedinih fizioloških i patoloških procesa, pretpostavili smo da u toku depresije dolazi do smanjenja strukturne kompleksnosti nukleusnog hromatina limfocita, odnosno da sa povećanjem depresivnih simptoma dolazi do smanjenja hromatinske fraktalne dimenzije. Takođe smo pretpostavili da su depresivni simptomi u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa nivoom hromatinske neuređenosti, odnosno da teksturalna entropija hromatina limfocita raste sa povećanjem depresije kod pacijenata. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili: (1) Utvrditi postojanje razlike u fraktalnim i teksturalnim parametrima hromatina limfocita između pacijenata sa depresijom, i ispitanika koji ne zadovoljavaju dijagnostičke kriterijume za depresiju i (2) Utvrditi postojanje i jačinu korelacije između stepena depresije i fraktalnih, odnosno teksturalnih parametara hromatina limfocita Metod. Istraživanje je dizajnirano po tipu studije preseka i obavljeno na uzorku od 100 ispitanika, od kojih 50 pacijenata obolelih od rekurentnog depresivnog poremećaja lečenih u Klinici „Dr Laza Lazarević“ u Beogradu. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 50 ispitanika koji su pripadali drugim dijagnostičkim kategorijama, a nisu ispunjavali dijagnostičke kriterijume za depresiju. Eksperimentalni protokol je sproveden na sledeći način: uzimanje detaljne istorije bolesti, primena Bekove skale za procenu depresije i Skale 5 depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa DASS–21, uzimanje krvi za standardne hormonske (tireoidni hormoni) i biohemijske analize..., Introduction. Having in mind already proven connection between changes in tissue complexity and certain physiological and pathological processes, we assumed that during the depression the structural complexity of the nucleic lymphocytes chromate is reduced, that is, with the increase in depressive symptoms, the chromatin fractal dimension decreases. We also assumed that depressive symptoms were in a positive correlation with the level of chromatic disorder, that textural entropy of lymphocyte chromatin was increasing with increasing depression in patients. The objectives of the research were: (1) to determine the existence of a difference in the fractal and textural parameters of lymphocyte chromatin between patients with depression and subjects who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for depression; and (2) determine the existence and strength of the correlation between the degree of depression and fractal or textural parameters of chromatin in lymphocytes. Methods. The study was designed as a cross section study, and performed on a sample of 100 subjects, of which 50 patients with recurrent depressive disorder treated at the Clinic "Dr Laza Lazarević" in Belgrade. The control group consisted of 50 subjects who belonged to other diagnostic categories and did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for depression. The experimental protocol was carried out as follows: taking a detailed history of the disease, applying the Beck scale to assess depression, and Depression, anxiety 8 and stress scales DASS-21, taking blood for standard hormone (thyroid hormones) and biochemical analysis...

Drug abuse is a global problem that principally affects the younger population. This leads to social problems, violence, problems with the law and serious health problems. Drug use in 1992 by the World Health Organisation is defined "drug dependence (of psycho-active substances, drugs) as a special psychological and physical condition of the body that is the result of objects that create dependency. It is characterized by the experience of coercion to occasionally or regularly take an addictive substance, in order to experience its desired effect or to avoid inconvenience due to not taking it. " The importance of oral health among addicts of psychoactive substances is a topic which, given its importance is paid more and more attention. It is known that drugs and alcohol directly affect the health of the mouth and teeth, but only in the last decade the appropriate importance was assigned to that topic. Oral health in addicts is poorly investigated because of the difficulty of observing these patients because of their behavior, lifestyle and lack of cooperation. Numerous studies indicate that the cause of the poor condition of the mouth is in correlation with the use of psychoactive substances. Research on these conditions is focused on the analysis of the many risk factors for oral diseases such as type and length of use of psychoactive substances, social status, lifestyle, age, bad attitudes towards the preservation of health, economic status, eating habits and more. Many studies have shown that heroin users have a bad state of the mouth and teeth and severe periodontal disease. Heroin addicts have more damage to the teeth and periodontal tissues compared with users of other substances. Heroin may contain harmful substances that destroy oral tissues, induce disorders of the endocrine system and may cause damage to periodontal tissues. Also compromised immune system may produce periodontal disease..., Uvod: Zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci je globalni problem koji uglavnom zahvata mlađu populaciju. To vodi ka socijalnim problemima, nasilju, problemima sa zakonom i ozbiljnim zdravstvenim problemima. Korišćenje droga je 1992.godine od strane Svetske zdravstvene organizacije definisano kao „zavisnost od lekova (psiho-aktivnih supstanci, droga) je posebno duševno i fizičko stanje organizma koje nastaje delovanjem sredstva koje stvara zavisnost. Karakteriše ga doživljaj prinude da se povremeno ili redovno uzima supstanca koja stvara zavisnost, u nameri da se doživi njen željeni efekat ili da bi se izbegle neugodnosti zbog neuzimanja tog sredstva”. Značaj oralnog zdravlja kod zavisnika od psihoaktivnih supstanci tema je kojoj se zbog svog značaja posvećuje sve veća pažnja. Poznato je da droga i alkohol direktno utiču na zdravlje usta i zuba ali tek je u poslednjoj deceniji dat prikladan značaj toj temi. Oralno zdravlje kod zavisnika je slabo istraženo zbog otežanog posmatranja ovih pacijenata zbog njihovog ponašanja, načina života i nesaradnje. Brojne studije ukazuju da je uzrok lošeg stanja usta u korelaciji sa korišćenjem psihoaktivnih supstanci. Istraživanja ovakvih stanja fokusirana su na analizu mnogobrojnih faktora rizika za nastanak oralnih oboljenja kao što su: vrsta i dužina korišćenja psihoaktivne supstance, socijalni status, način života, godine, loši stavovi o očuvanju zdravlja, ekonomski status, navike u ishrani i drugo. Mnoge studije dokazale su da korisnici heroina imaju loše stanje usta i zuba i ozbiljna parodontalna oboljenja. Heroinski zavisnici imaju veća oštećenja zuba i parodontalnog tkiva od korisnika drugih supstanci...

Uvod: Zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci je globalni problem koji uglavnom zahvata mlađu populaciju. To vodi ka socijalnim problemima, nasilju, problemima sa zakonom i ozbiljnim zdravstvenim problemima. Korišćenje droga je 1992.godine od strane Svetske zdravstvene organizacije definisano kao „zavisnost od lekova (psiho-aktivnih supstanci, droga) je posebno duševno i fizičko stanje organizma koje nastaje delovanjem sredstva koje stvara zavisnost. Karakteriše ga doživljaj prinude da se povremeno ili redovno uzima supstanca koja stvara zavisnost, u nameri da se doživi njen željeni efekat ili da bi se izbegle neugodnosti zbog neuzimanja tog sredstva”. Značaj oralnog zdravlja kod zavisnika od psihoaktivnih supstanci tema je kojoj se zbog svog značaja posvećuje sve veća pažnja. Poznato je da droga i alkohol direktno utiču na zdravlje usta i zuba ali tek je u poslednjoj deceniji dat prikladan značaj toj temi. Oralno zdravlje kod zavisnika je slabo istraženo zbog otežanog posmatranja ovih pacijenata zbog njihovog ponašanja, načina života i nesaradnje. Brojne studije ukazuju da je uzrok lošeg stanja usta u korelaciji sa korišćenjem psihoaktivnih supstanci. Istraživanja ovakvih stanja fokusirana su na analizu mnogobrojnih faktora rizika za nastanak oralnih oboljenja kao što su: vrsta i dužina korišćenja psihoaktivne supstance, socijalni status, način života, godine, loši stavovi o očuvanju zdravlja, ekonomski status, navike u ishrani i drugo. Mnoge studije dokazale su da korisnici heroina imaju loše stanje usta i zuba i ozbiljna parodontalna oboljenja. Heroinski zavisnici imaju veća oštećenja zuba i parodontalnog tkiva od korisnika drugih supstanci..., Drug abuse is a global problem that principally affects the younger population. This leads to social problems, violence, problems with the law and serious health problems. Drug use in 1992 by the World Health Organisation is defined "drug dependence (of psycho-active substances, drugs) as a special psychological and physical condition of the body that is the result of objects that create dependency. It is characterized by the experience of coercion to occasionally or regularly take an addictive substance, in order to experience its desired effect or to avoid inconvenience due to not taking it. " The importance of oral health among addicts of psychoactive substances is a topic which, given its importance is paid more and more attention. It is known that drugs and alcohol directly affect the health of the mouth and teeth, but only in the last decade the appropriate importance was assigned to that topic. Oral health in addicts is poorly investigated because of the difficulty of observing these patients because of their behavior, lifestyle and lack of cooperation. Numerous studies indicate that the cause of the poor condition of the mouth is in correlation with the use of psychoactive substances. Research on these conditions is focused on the analysis of the many risk factors for oral diseases such as type and length of use of psychoactive substances, social status, lifestyle, age, bad attitudes towards the preservation of health, economic status, eating habits and more. Many studies have shown that heroin users have a bad state of the mouth and teeth and severe periodontal disease. Heroin addicts have more damage to the teeth and periodontal tissues compared with users of other substances. Heroin may contain harmful substances that destroy oral tissues, induce disorders of the endocrine system and may cause damage to periodontal tissues. Also compromised immune system may produce periodontal disease...

Prethodne studije su utvrdile da tokom starenja veliki broj bioloških struktura kao što su tkiva i organi gubi svoju kompleksnost i da takav gubitak vodi smanjenoj sposobnosti adaptacije na fiziološki stres. Međutim, za sada nema podataka da li se slične strukturne promene dešavaju na individualnim ćelijama i njihovom genetskom materijalu. Strukturna kompleksnost se može kvantifikovati na nekoliko načina. Skorašnje studije su utvrdile da hromatin, kao i mnoge druge biološke strukture u svojoj morfologiji ispoljavaju karakteristike fraktala. Koncept fraktala se u osnovi bazira na principu samosličnosti, odnosno na činjenici da manji delovi nekog fizičkog ili biološkog sistema nalikuju sistemu kao celini. Kompleksnost fraktalnih struktura se može meriti određivanjem fraktalne dimenzije i lakunarnosti kao dva najznačajnija parametra fraktalne analize. Kao dodatak fraktalnoj analizi, danas se često koristi i teksturalna analiza uz pomoć koje se mogu odrediti parametri teksturalne heterogenosti i neuređenosti biološke strukture kao što je entropija. U našoj studiji, na mišijem eksperimentalnom modelu, ispitivane su starosne promene u strukturnoj kompleksnosti nukleusnog hromatina na ukupno 10 ćelijskih populacija u timusu, slezini, bubregu i jetri. Takođe su opisane promene u kompleksnosti nukleusne strukture na kulturi ćelija nakon indukcije DNK oštećenja UV zračenjem..., Previous studies have found that during aging a large number of biological structures such as tissues and organs loses its complexity and that such loss leads to reduced ability to adapt to physiological stress. However, so far there is no information on whether similar structural changes occur in individual cells and their genetic material. Structural complexity can be quantified in several ways. Recent studies have determined that the chromatin, as well as many other biological structures exhibit fractal characteristics in their morphology. The concept of fractals is based on the principle of self - similarity, or the fact that the lower parts of a physical or biological system resemble the system as a whole. The complexity of fractal structures Can be measured by determining the fractal dimension and lacunarity as the two most important parameters of fractal analysis. In addition to the fractal analysis, textural analysis as a method is also frequently used. Textural analysis can determine the parameters of textural heterogeneity and disorganization (i.e.entropy)of biological structures. In our study, on the mouse experimental model, we studied age - related changes in chromate in structural complexity in the total of 10 cell populations in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. Also, we described changes in the complexity of the nuclear structure in a cell culture after the induction of DNA damage by UV radiation...