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Background: Inclusion of inhomogeneity corrections in intensity modulated small fields always makes conformal irradiation of lung tumor very complicated in accurate dose delivery. Objective: In the present study, the performance of five algorithms via Monte Carlo, Pencil Beam, Convolution, Fast Superposition and Superposition were evaluated in lung cancer Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy planning. Materials and Methods: Treatment plans for ten lung cancer patients previously planned on Monte Carlo algorithm were re-planned using same treatment planning indices (gantry angel, rank, power etc.) in other four algorithms. Results: The values of radiotherapy planning parameters such as Mean dose, volume of 95% isodose line, Conformity Index, Homogeneity Index for target, Maximum dose, Mean dose; %Volume receiving 20Gy or more by contralateral lung; % volume receiving 30 Gy or more; % volume receiving 25 Gy or more, Mean dose received by heart; %volume receiving 35Gy or more; %volume receiving 50Gy or more, Mean dose to Easophagous; % Volume receiving 45Gy or more, Maximum dose received by Spinal cord and Total monitor unit, Volume of 50 % isodose lines were recorded for all ten patients. Performance of different algorithms was also evaluated statistically. Conclusion: MC and PB algorithms found better as for tumor coverage, dose distribution homogeneity in Planning Target Volume and minimal dose to organ at risks are concerned. Superposition algorithms found to be better than convolution and fast superposition. In the case of tumors located centrally, it is recommended to use Monte Carlo algorithms for the optimal use of radiotherapy.

Generative Adversarial Networks widely known as GANs, are deep learning models that has gained a lot of popularity in the last few years due to their promising nature. One of their major applications can be found in the healthcare sector for various purposes like image reconstruction, image enhancement, image segmentation, image processing, image analysis etc. The objective of this paper is to bring forward some of the recent research on the application of GANs in the health care domain during 2017 – 2022. A total of 168 papers were screened out of which 77 relevant to the present study were finalized for this study. Bibliometric analysis was also performed on these documents, to obtain an overall picture of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in the healthcare domain. This analysis is expected to help the future researcher and developers in targeting the areas of the healthcare sector which are likely to grow in the coming future using GANs algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liguleless mutants produce defective ligules and auricles and, consequently, have more upright leaves than their ligulate counterparts, making them useful genetic material for plant architectural studies. Besides, owing to the recessive nature and amenability of the liguleless trait to phenotyping at the seedling stage, liguleless mutants are popularly used for 'proof‐of‐concept' demonstration and assessment of haploid induction rate (HIR) of haploid inducer lines (HILs) in maize. The commonly used liguleless testers in maize are of temperate origin and are challenging to use and maintain under tropical/sub‐tropical conditions. In the present study, liguleless lines (V 601, V 602, V 603 and V 604) derived from crosses between agronomically superior locally adapted tropical ligulate lines (V 407 and CM 152) and liguleless donors of temperate origin (PDH‐3 and PDH‐8) were evaluated for different agro‐morphological traits. Liguleless line V 602 was also used as a tester to assess the HIR of haploid inducer line EC937890 (CIM2GTAILP2). The results showed a mean HIR of 12.42% for EC937890, consistent with the HIR reported in other studies, thus demonstrating the efficacy of V 602 as a tester for determining HIR. The agronomically superior liguleless maize lines reported in this study will, therefore, be a valuable resource for leaf architectural studies, assessment of HIR of candidate HILs and maintenance of high HIR in the HILs presently in wide use in the doubled haploid (DH) programmes. Additionally, these genetic stocks carry the liguleless trait in genetic backgrounds with known heterotic affinity with early maturity Indian public maize germplasm and, therefore, can be used directly as parents in hybrid development programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally maize is the second most important crop in terms of acreage where as in India it ranks third after wheat and rice. Maize productivity has been breaking unprecedented barriers owing chiefly to wide scale cultivation of high yielding hybrids. Sustaining high yields of hybrids necessitates continued efforts for creation of novel gene assemblages and/or discovery of such naturally existing constellations. Traditional local cultivars are an important source of the latter. Kwanu Local is an example of such a traditional cultivar that contributes significantly towards sustaining food, fodder and fuel requirement of Jaunsari tribal community of Kwanu cluster in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. It is a tall, high yielding, medium duration, semi-dent yellow bold-grained cultivar and owes its characteristic present form to multiple infusions from diverse populations that have taken place over the long history of its cultivation in the region. Its cultivation over a vast contiguous expanse and the selection practices followed by the farming community ensure maintenance of high heterozygosity in the population, assuring sustained high yields. The cultivar possesses many desirable features that make it a potential genetic resource for a variety of traits of agronomic importance (cob length, cob girth, number of kernels/row and kernel size). Its use for increasing kernel size has been well demonstrated. Kernel size in the backcross progenies involving inbreds VQL 1 (255 g) and V 400 (215 g) as recipients and Kwanu Local (343 g) as donor exhibited kernel size range of 260-293 g (VQL 1 x Kwanu Local) and 228-245 g (V 400 x Kwanu Local), showing increase of 6-14 and 2-15%, respectively, in the two crosses. With its local adaptability and high yield coupled with other desirable traits, Kwanu Local holds potential as a promising genetic resource for maize improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: A. Kumar, M. Pant, H. Singh, S. Khandelwal Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is a major concern of health risk in developing countries, such as [...]

Byline: Deepak. Gupta, Pragya. Shukla, Shyam. Bisht, M.L.B. Bhatt, M. Pant, Kirti. Srivastava Molecular targeted agents have lower hematological toxicity. However, specific side-effects such as allergic rashes, skin reactions and [...]

Byline: S. Paul, M. Pant, D. Parmar, J. Verma Aims : The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of polymorphism in cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) with [...]