Search

The article presents a strategy of the cyber-physical system guaranteed functioning for a small business enterprise (SBE), which is ensured by maintaining the digital twin and is due to its extremely high relevance in modern conditions. Business processes are linked to Industry 4.0 competencies. One of the innovations it implements is Digital Twin, a comprehensive facility support tool. Digital twin allows for tracking and effectively managing the entire cycle of an infrastructure project, from planning, procurement, and production to commissioning and maintenance of the facility. PEST, SWOT, SAW, TOPSIS, and VIKOR methods are used to build a strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the analysis of interannual, seasonal, and diurnal variations in the ratios of the mixture of CH4, CO2, CO, benzene, and δ13C–CH4 in the surface air of Moscow based on the measurements at the station of the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), in 2018–2020 are presented. The annual maximum concentration of CH4, CO2, and CO (>2.2, 430, and 0.20 ppm, respectively) occurs in the winter months due to the seasonal increase in the anthropogenic load from the main sources of urban pollution: motor transport and thermal power plants and a decrease in the role of vertical air mixing. The greatest contribution of local and remote microbial sources to the CH4 concentration is noted in the summer months against the background of low δ13C–CH4 values (–50 to –60‰). In all seasons, CH4, CO2, and CO ground level peaks lasting up to several hours are due to the transport from industrial sites in the E–SE sector. The calculated mean emission ratios in urban air were CH4/benzene = 0.52–0.54 ppm/ppb, CH4/СО = 0.56–0.75 ppm/ppm, CO2/benzene = 77–93 ppm/ppb, CO2/СО = 81–131 ppm/ppm, and CO/benzene = 0.65–1.11 ppm/ppb. These ratios characterize the predominant contribution of emissions from motor transport and the heat and power equipment and can be used to refine the absolute values of emissions, including those on the basis of existing inventories of sources of anthropogenic air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a review of the digital twin concept development, the areas of their use, and the prospects are highlighted. The history of the emergence and development of the digital twin concept, its definition, and its classification are given. The relevance of the technology under consideration is reflected. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete, up-to-date information on the current state of the digital twin technology, its application in various fields of human activity, and further prospects for the development of the industry. An extensive bibliography on the topic is provided, which may be helpful for researchers and representatives of various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the underground tunnel planning reliability for megacities is proposed based on the use of foresight and cognitive modeling methodologies. Using the foresight methodology allows, with the help of expert estimation procedures, to identify critical technologies and build alternatives of scenarios with quantitative characteristics. For the justified implementation of a particular scenario, cognitive modeling is used, which allows to build causal relationships based on knowledge and experience, understand and analyze the behavior of a complex system for a strategic perspective with a large number of interconnections and interdependencies. The suggested study allows the reliability planning of underground tunnels on the basis of reasonable scenarios selection and justification of their creation priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the assessment of methane content in the near atmospheric layer of the Arctic seas and the sources of its emissions. Continuous atmospheric measurements of methane concentration and δ13C isotope signature in methane were carried out during two expeditions aboard the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the summer and autumn of 2020. The minimum CH4 concentration (mean 1.937 ± 0.010 ppm) were obtained over the North and Norwegian Seas. The maximum CH4 concentration took place above the Kara (1.998 ± 0.030 ppm on average, maximum values are up to 2.000–2.040 ppm) and White (2.006 ± 0.030 ppm on average) seas. The average values of δ13C in the studied region were close to that typical for the Northern Hemisphere: –47.5‰. Regional changes in δ13C allowed CH4 sources to be identified and showed that the methane concentration in the surface atmospheric level is mainly affected by the direction of air-mass advection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]