1. Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus.
- Author
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Dillard JA, Taft-Benz SA, Knight AC, Anderson EJ, Pressey KD, Parotti B, Martinez SA, Diaz JL, Sarkar S, Madden EA, De la Cruz G, Adams LE, Dinnon KH 3rd, Leist SR, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Powers JM, Yount BL Jr, Castillo IN, Morales NL, Burdick J, Evangelista MKD, Ralph LM, Pankow NC, Linnertz CL, Lakshmanane P, Montgomery SA, Ferris MT, Baric RS, Baxter VK, and Heise MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Adjuvants, Immunologic administration & dosage, Adjuvants, Vaccine, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Humans, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 virology, Vaccines, Inactivated immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Aluminum Hydroxide administration & dosage
- Abstract
Whole virus-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous coronavirus infection, the emergence of novel variants and the presence of large zoonotic reservoirs harboring novel heterologous coronaviruses provide significant opportunities for vaccine breakthrough, which raises the risk of adverse outcomes like vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. Here, we use a female mouse model of coronavirus disease to evaluate inactivated vaccine performance against either homologous challenge with SARS-CoV-2 or heterologous challenge with a bat-derived coronavirus that represents a potential emerging disease threat. We show that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide can cause enhanced respiratory disease during heterologous infection, while use of an alternative adjuvant does not drive disease and promotes heterologous viral clearance. In this work, we highlight the impact of adjuvant selection on inactivated vaccine safety and efficacy against heterologous coronavirus infection., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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