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17. Arctic Tundra and Polar Desert Ecosystems

Author

Callaghan, T., Björn, L.O., Chapin, F.S., Chernov, Y., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R., Johansson, M., Jolly, R.D, Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Oechel, W., Panikov, N., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Henttonen, H., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Laine, K., Schaphoff, S., Stich, S., Taulavuori, E., Taulavuori, K., Zöckler, C., Callaghan, T., Björn, L.O., Chapin, F.S., Chernov, Y., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R., Johansson, M., Jolly, R.D, Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Oechel, W., Panikov, N., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Henttonen, H., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Laine, K., Schaphoff, S., Stich, S., Taulavuori, E., Taulavuori, K., and Zöckler, C.

Published
2005

19. Key findings and extended summaries

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., Sitch, S., Zöckler, C., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., Sitch, S., and Zöckler, C.

Published
2004

20. Effects on the function of Arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., and Shaver, G.

Published
2004

21. Rationale, concepts and approach to the assessment

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., and Shaver, G.

Published
2004

22. Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matneyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matneyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., and Shaver, G.

Published
2004

23. Effects on the structure of Arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives

Author

Callghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, R.A., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Henttonen, H., Callghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, R.A., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., and Henttonen, H.

Published
2004

24. Biodiversity, distributions and adaptations of Arctic species in the context of environmental change

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Henttonen, H., Laine, K., Taulavuori, K., Taulavuori, E., Zöckler, C., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Henttonen, H., Laine, K., Taulavuori, K., Taulavuori, E., and Zöckler, C.

Published
2004

25. Synthesis of effects in four Arctic subregions

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., Sitch, S., Zöckler, C., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., Sitch, S., and Zöckler, C.

Published
2004

26. Effects of changes in climate on landscape and regional processes, and feedbacks to the climate system

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., Sitch, S., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Schaphoff, S., and Sitch, S.

Published
2004

27. Responses to projected changes in climate and UV-B at the species level

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Laine, K., Taulavuori, K., Taulavuori, E., Zöckler, C., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Elster, J., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Laine, K., Taulavuori, K., Taulavuori, E., and Zöckler, C.

Published
2004

28. Uncertainties and recommendations

Author

Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., Shaver, G., Callaghan, T.V., Björn, L.O., Chernov, Y., Chapin, T., Christensen, T.R., Huntley, B., Ims, R.A., Johansson, M., Jolly, D., Jonasson, Sven Evert, Matveyeva, N., Panikov, N., Oechel, W., and Shaver, G.

Published
2004

30. Biotic controls on CO2 and CH4 exchange in wetlands - a closed environment study

Author

Christensen, TR, Panikov, N, Mastepanov, M, Joabsson, A, Stewart, A, Oquist, M, Sommerkorn, M, Reynaud, S, Svensson, Bo, Christensen, TR, Panikov, N, Mastepanov, M, Joabsson, A, Stewart, A, Oquist, M, Sommerkorn, M, Reynaud, S, and Svensson, Bo

Abstract

Wetlands are significant sources of the important greenhouse gas CH4. Here we explore the use of an experimental system developed for the determination of continuous fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in closed ecosystem monoliths including the capture of (CO2)-C-14 and (CH4)-C-14 following pulse labelling with (CO2)-C-14. We show that, in the ecosystem studied, ebullition (bubble emission) may account for 18 to 50% of the total CH4 emission, representing fluxes that have been difficult to estimate accurately in the past. Furthermore, using plant removal and C-14 labelling techniques, we use the system to detail the direct influence of vascular plants on CH4 emission. This influence is observed to be dependent on the amount of vascular plants present. The results that may be produced using the presented experimental set-up have implications for an improved understanding of wetland ecosystem/atmosphere interactions, including possible feedback effects on climate change. In recent years much attention has been devoted to ascertaining and subsequently using the relationship between net ecosystem productivity and CH4 emission as a basis for extrapolation of fluxes across large areas. The experimental system presented may be used to study the complex relationship between vascular plants and CH4 emission and here we show examples of how this may vary considerably in nature between and even within ecosystems.

Published
2003

31. Factors controlling large scale variations in methane emissions from wetlands

Author

Christensen, TR, Ekberg, A, Strom, L, Mastepanov, M, Panikov, N, Mats, O, Svensson, Bo, Nykanen, H, Martikainen, PJ, Oskarsson, H, Christensen, TR, Ekberg, A, Strom, L, Mastepanov, M, Panikov, N, Mats, O, Svensson, Bo, Nykanen, H, Martikainen, PJ, and Oskarsson, H

Abstract

[1] Global wetlands are, at estimate ranging 115-237 Tg CH4/yr, the largest single atmospheric source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). We present a dataset on CH4 flux rates totaling 12 measurement years at sites from Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia and Siberia. We find that temperature and microbial substrate availability (expressed as the organic acid concentration in peat water) combined explain almost 100% of the variations in mean annual CH4 emissions. The temperature sensitivity of the CH4 emissions shown suggests a feedback mechanism on climate change that could validate incorporation in further developments of global circulation models.

Published
2003
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32. Biogenic controls on trace gas fluxes in northern wetlands

Author

Christensen, T. R., Lloyd, D., Svensson, B., Matikainen, P.J., Harding, R., Oskasson, H., Friborg, Thomas, Søgaard, Henrik, Panikov, N., Christensen, T. R., Lloyd, D., Svensson, B., Matikainen, P.J., Harding, R., Oskasson, H., Friborg, Thomas, Søgaard, Henrik, and Panikov, N.

Published
2002

36. Destruction of Bacillus Subtilis Cells Using an Atmospheric-Pressure Capillary Plasma Electrode Discharge.

Author

Panikov, N. S., Paduraru, S., Crowe, R., Ricatto, P. J., Christodoulatos, C., and Becker, K.

Subjects
*BACILLUS subtilis, *SPOREFORMING bacteria, *PLASMA jets
Abstract

Investigates the destruction of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis by using a novel atmospheric-pressure capillary plasma electrode discharge plasma. Properties of atmospheric-pressure plasmas; Production of atmospheric-pressure plasma jets; Quantitative measure of the efficiency of the plasma treatment on the destruction of bacteria.

Published
2002
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38. Extracellular factors responsible for the adaptation ofPseudomonas fluorescensbatch cultures to unfavorable conditions

Author

Nikolaev, Yu. A., Prosser, J. I., and Panikov, N. S.

Abstract

The culture liquid filtrate of an exponential-phasePseudomonas fluorescensbatch culture added to anotherP. fluorescensculture at the moment of inoculation was found (1) to prevent or diminish cell adsorption of the flask walls, (2) to enhance the intensity of cell respiration, (3) to shorten the period of adaptation of LB-grown cells to growth in glucose-containing mineral M9 medium, (4) to stimulate bacterial growth at supraoptimum temperature (36°C) and pH values (4.8 and 9.2), and (5) to decrease the death rate of bacteria at the supraoptimum growth temperature. These results were interpreted as indicating thatP. fluorescenscultures produce two types of regulatory exometabolites similar to those revealed earlier inEscherichia coliandBacillus subtiliscultures: the direct-action adaptogenic factorX1capable of increasing bacterial resistance to unfavorable growth conditions (temperature and pH) and factor of accelerated adaptation to new media. Both factors are presumably low-molecular-weight hydrophilic nonprotein compounds.

Published
2000
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46. Biotic controls on CO2 and CH4 exchange in wetlands - a closed environment study

Author

Christensen, Torben R., Panikov, N., Mikhail Mastepanov, Joabsson, A., Stewart, A., Oquist, M., Sommerkorn, M., Reynaud, S., and Svensson, B.

Subjects
ARCTIC TUNDRA, FLUX, CO2 exchange, methane emissions, PADDY FIELDS, ATMOSPHERIC METHANE, CARBON-DIOXIDE, NATURAL WETLANDS, TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE, C-14 labelling, VEGETATION, PLANT, controlled environment studies, peatlands
Abstract

Wetlands are significant sources of the important greenhouse gas CH4. Here we explore the use of an experimental system developed for the determination of continuous fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in closed ecosystem monoliths including the capture of (CO2)-C-14 and (CH4)-C-14 following pulse labelling with (CO2)-C-14. We show that, in the ecosystem studied, ebullition (bubble emission) may account for 18 to 50% of the total CH4 emission, representing fluxes that have been difficult to estimate accurately in the past. Furthermore, using plant removal and C-14 labelling techniques, we use the system to detail the direct influence of vascular plants on CH4 emission. This influence is observed to be dependent on the amount of vascular plants present. The results that may be produced using the presented experimental set-up have implications for an improved understanding of wetland ecosystem/atmosphere interactions, including possible feedback effects on climate change. In recent years much attention has been devoted to ascertaining and subsequently using the relationship between net ecosystem productivity and CH4 emission as a basis for extrapolation of fluxes across large areas. The experimental system presented may be used to study the complex relationship between vascular plants and CH4 emission and here we show examples of how this may vary considerably in nature between and even within ecosystems.

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