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1. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alqahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Azadi, S., Bailey, A. J., Baker, A., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Blockinger, G. M., Boast, K. E., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Buuck, M., Cabrita, R., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Creaner, O., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Green, J., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrison, A., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., James, R. S., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kyre, S., Landerud, B., Leason, E. A., Lee, C., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liao, F. -T., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Meng, Y., Migneault, J., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J. A., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B., Pereira, C., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Podczerwinski, J., Porzio, D., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rodriguez, A., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rushton, T., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Scovell, P. R., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, R., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utku, U., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Verbus, J. R., Voirin, E., Waldron, W. L., Wang, A., Wang, B., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, A., White, D. T., White, J. T., White, R. G., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zarzhitsky, P., Zuckerman, A., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60~live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c$^2$. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c$^2$, rejecting cross sections above 9.2$\times 10^{-48}$ cm$^2$ at the 90% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. See https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041002 for a data release related to this paper
Published: 2022
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2. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Aviles, S., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Brew, C. A. J., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Cabrita, R., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunhaw, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Harrison, J., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lopez-Asamar, E., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., Oh, H., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zhang, C., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented., Comment: 45 pages (79 inc. tables), 7 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2020
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3. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: The LZ Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O'Dell, J., Oh, H., O'Neill, F. G., O'Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements.
Published: 2019
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4. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Technical Design Report

Author: Mount, B. J., Hans, S., Rosero, R., Yeh, M., Chan, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Huang, D. Q., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Pangilinan, M., Rhyne, C. A., Taylor, W. C., Verbus, J. R., Kim, Y. D., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Li, J., Belle, J., Cottle, A., Lippincott, W. H., Markley, D. J., Martin, T. J., Sarychev, M., Tope, T. E., Utes, M., Wang, R., Young, I., Araújo, H. M., Bailey, A. J., Bauer, D., Colling, D., Currie, A., Fayer, S., Froborg, F., Greenwood, S., Jones, W. G., Kasey, V., Khaleeq, M., Olcina, I., Paredes, B. López, Richards, A., Sumner, T. J., Tomás, A., Vacheret, A., Brás, P., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Neves, F., Rodrigues, J. P., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Barry, M. J., Cole, A., Dobi, A., Edwards, W. R., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gantos, N. J., Gehman, V. M., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hanzel, K., Hoff, M. D., Kamdin, K., Lesko, K. T., McConnell, C. T., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Patton, S. J., Saba, J. S., Sorensen, P., Thomas, K. J., Tull, C. E., Waldron, W. L., Witherell, M. S., Bernstein, A., Kazkaz, K., Xu, J., Akimov, D. Yu., Bolozdynya, A. I., Khromov, A. V., Konovalov, A. M., Kumpan, A. V., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Dahl, C. E., Temples, D., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., de Viveiros, L., Akerib, D. S., Auyeung, H., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Breidenbach, M., Bramante, R., Conley, R., Craddock, W. W., Fan, A., Hau, A., Ignarra, C. M., Ji, W., Krebs, H. J., Linehan, R., Lee, C., Luitz, S., Mizrachi, E., Monzani, M. E., O'Neill, F. G., Pierson, S., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Skarpaas, K., Stifter, K., To, W. H., Va'vra, J., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Bai, X., Bunker, R., Coughlen, R., Hjemfelt, C., Leonard, R., Miller, E. H., Morrison, E., Reichenbacher, J., Schnee, R. W., Stark, M. R., Sundarnath, K., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Bauer, P., Carlson, B., Horn, M., Johnson, M., Keefner, J., Maupin, C., Taylor, D. J., Balashov, S., Ford, P., Francis, V., Holtom, E., Khazov, A., Kaboth, A., Majewski, P., Nikkel, J. A., O'Dell, J., Preece, R. M., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Worm, S. D., Mannino, R. L., Stiegler, T. M., Terman, P. A., Webb, R. C., Levy, C., Mock, J., Szydagis, M., Busenitz, J. K., Elnimr, M., Hor, J. Y-K., Meng, Y., Piepke, A., Stancu, I., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Penning, B., Bernard, E. P., Jacobsen, R. G., McKinsey, D. N., Watson, R., Cutter, J. E., El-Jurf, S., Gerhard, R. M., Hemer, D., Hillbrand, S., Holbrook, B., Lenardo, B. G., Manalaysay, A. G., Morad, J. A., Stephenson, S., Thomson, J. A., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Haselschwardt, S. J., Kyre, S., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Solmaz, M., White, D. T., Cascella, M., Dobson, J. E. Y., Ghag, C., Liu, X., Manenti, L., Reichhart, L., Shaw, S., Utku, U., Beltrame, P., Davison, T. J. R., Marzioni, M. F., Murphy, A. St. J., Nilima, A., Boxer, B., Burdin, S., Greenall, A., Powell, S., Rose, H. J., Sutcliffe, P., Balajthy, J., Edberg, T. K., Hall, C. R., Silk, J. S., Hertel, S., Akerlof, C. W., Arthurs, M., Lorenzon, W., Pushkin, K., Schubnell, M., Boast, K. E., Carels, C., Fruth, T., Kraus, H., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Scovell, P. R., Druszkiewicz, E., Khaitan, D., Koyuncu, M., Skulski, W., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yin, J., Korolkova, E. V., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Rossiter, P., Woodward, D., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Mei, D. -M., Wang, L., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., Zhang, C., Alsum, S. K., Benson, T., Carlsmith, D. L., Cherwinka, J. J., Dasu, S., Gregerson, G., Gomber, B., Pagac, A., Palladino, K. J., Vuosalo, C. O., Xiao, Q., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Olevitch, M. A., Boulton, E. M., Emmet, W. T., Hurteau, T. W., Larsen, N. A., Pease, E. K., Tennyson, B. P., and Tvrznikova, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this Technical Design Report (TDR) we describe the LZ detector to be built at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The LZ dark matter experiment is designed to achieve sensitivity to a WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of three times ten to the negative forty-eighth square centimeters., Comment: 392 pages. Submitted to the Department of Energy as part of the documentation for the Critical Decision Numbers Two and Three (CD-2 and CD-3) management processes. Report also available by chapter at this URL
Published: 2017

5. Proposed low-energy absolute calibration of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase noble element TPC using D-D neutron scattering kinematics

Author: Verbus, J. R., Rhyne, C. A., Malling, D. C., Genecov, M., Ghosh, S., Moskowitz, A. G., Chan, S., Chapman, J. J., de Viveiros, L., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Huang, D. Q., Pangilinan, M., Taylor, W. C., and Gaitskell, R. J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We propose a new technique for the calibration of nuclear recoils in large noble element dual-phase time projection chambers used to search for WIMP dark matter in the local galactic halo. This technique provides an $\textit{in situ}$ measurement of the low-energy nuclear recoil response of the target media using the measured scattering angle between multiple neutron interactions within the detector volume. The low-energy reach and reduced systematics of this calibration have particular significance for the low-mass WIMP sensitivity of several leading dark matter experiments. Multiple strategies for improving this calibration technique are discussed, including the creation of a new type of quasi-monoenergetic 272 keV neutron source. We report results from a time-of-flight based measurement of the neutron energy spectrum produced by an Adelphi Technology, Inc. DD108 neutron generator, confirming its suitability for the proposed nuclear recoil calibration., Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables
Published: 2016
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6. Low-energy (0.7-74 keV) nuclear recoil calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment using D-D neutron scattering kinematics

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Alsum, S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Brás, P., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Xu, J., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC) operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. A calibration of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon was performed $\textit{in situ}$ in the LUX detector using a collimated beam of mono-energetic 2.45 MeV neutrons produced by a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion source. The nuclear recoil energy from the first neutron scatter in the TPC was reconstructed using the measured scattering angle defined by double-scatter neutron events within the active xenon volume. We measured the absolute charge ($Q_{y}$) and light ($L_{y}$) yields at an average electric field of 180 V/cm for nuclear recoil energies spanning 0.7 to 74 keV and 1.1 to 74 keV, respectively. This calibration of the nuclear recoil signal yields will permit the further refinement of liquid xenon nuclear recoil signal models and, importantly for dark matter searches, clearly demonstrates measured ionization and scintillation signals in this medium at recoil energies down to $\mathcal{O}$(1 keV)., Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables
Published: 2016

7. Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the first experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from LUX data acquired in 2013. LUX is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), which is designed to observe the recoil signature of galactic WIMPs scattering from xenon nuclei. A profile likelihood ratio analysis of $1.4~\times~10^{4}~\text{kg}\cdot~\text{days}$ of fiducial exposure allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n~=~9.4~\times~10^{-41}~\text{cm}^2$ ($\sigma_p~=~2.9~\times~10^{-39}~\text{cm}^2$) at 33 GeV/c$^2$. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2016
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8. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Technical Design Report

Author: Mount, BJ, Hans, S, Rosero, R, Yeh, M, Chan, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Huang, DQ, Makkinje, J, Malling, DC, Pangilinan, M, Rhyne, CA, Taylor, WC, Verbus, JR, Kim, YD, Lee, HS, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Li, J, Belle, J, Cottle, A, Lippincott, WH, Markley, DJ, Martin, TJ, Sarychev, M, Tope, TE, Utes, M, Wang, R, Young, I, Araújo, HM, Bailey, AJ, Bauer, D, Colling, D, Currie, A, Fayer, S, Froborg, F, Greenwood, S, Jones, WG, Kasey, V, Khaleeq, M, Olcina, I, Paredes, B López, Richards, A, Sumner, TJ, Tomás, A, Vacheret, A, Brás, P, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Neves, F, Rodrigues, JP, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Barry, MJ, Cole, A, Dobi, A, Edwards, WR, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gantos, NJ, Gehman, VM, Gilchriese, MGD, Hanzel, K, Hoff, MD, Kamdin, K, Lesko, KT, McConnell, CT, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Patton, SJ, Saba, JS, Sorensen, P, Thomas, KJ, Tull, CE, Waldron, WL, Witherell, MS, Bernstein, A, Kazkaz, K, Xu, J, Akimov, D Yu, Bolozdynya, AI, Khromov, AV, Konovalov, AM, Kumpan, AV, Sosnovtsev, VV, Dahl, CE, Temples, D, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Viveiros, L de, Akerib, DS, Auyeung, H, Biesiadzinski, TP, Breidenbach, M, Bramante, R, Conley, R, Craddock, WW, Fan, A, Hau, A, Ignarra, CM, Ji, W, and Krebs, HJ
Subjects: physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex
Abstract: In this Technical Design Report (TDR) we describe the LZ detector to be builtat the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The LZ dark matterexperiment is designed to achieve sensitivity to a WIMP-nucleonspin-independent cross section of three times ten to the negative forty-eighthsquare centimeters.
Published: 2017

9. Improved Limits on Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from Reanalysis of 2013 LUX data

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O`Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present constraints on weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP)-nucleus scattering from the 2013 data of the Large Underground Xenon dark matter experiment, including $1.4\times10^{4}\;\mathrm{kg\; day}$ of search exposure. This new analysis incorporates several advances: single-photon calibration at the scintillation wavelength, improved event-reconstruction algorithms, a revised background model including events originating on the detector walls in an enlarged fiducial volume, and new calibrations from decays of an injected tritium $\beta$ source and from kinematically constrained nuclear recoils down to 1.1 keV. Sensitivity, especially to low-mass WIMPs, is enhanced compared to our previous results which modeled the signal only above a 3 keV minimum energy. Under standard dark matter halo assumptions and in the mass range above 4 $\mathrm{GeV}\,c^{-2}$, these new results give the most stringent direct limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section. The 90% C.L. upper limit has a minimum of 0.6 zb at 33 $\mathrm{GeV}\,c^{-2}$ WIMP mass., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2015
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10. Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O`Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present measurements of the electron-recoil (ER) response of the LUX dark matter detector based upon 170,000 highly pure and spatially-uniform tritium decays. We reconstruct the tritium energy spectrum using the combined energy model and find good agreement with expectations. We report the average charge and light yields of ER events in liquid xenon at 180 V/cm and 105 V/cm and compare the results to the NEST model. We also measure the mean charge recombination fraction and its fluctuations, and we investigate the location and width of the LUX ER band. These results provide input to a re-analysis of the LUX Run3 WIMP search.
Published: 2015
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11. FPGA-based Trigger System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Ott, R. A., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Pease, E. K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yen, M., Yin, J., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance., Comment: 11 pages, 26 figures, added some key points to the abstract, and conclusions, no change in results, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2015
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12. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author: The LZ Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alsum, S. K., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Barry, M. J., Bauer, P., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Craddock, W. W., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dasu, S., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, W. R., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fu, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Gehman, V. M., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gomber, B., Hall, C. R., Harris, A., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Ji, X., Johnson, M., Ju, Y., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Konovalov, A. M., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Krebs, H. J., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Liao, F. -T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, J., Liu, X., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Luitz, S., Majewski, P., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A. G., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Markley, D. J., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Mock, J., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., O'Neill, F. G., O'Dell, J., O'Sullivan, K., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Piepke, A., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Saba, J. S., Sarychev, M., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M. S. G., Scovell, P. R., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stiegler, T. M., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tripathi, M., Tull, C. E., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Va'vra, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Verbus, J. R., Vuosalo, C. O., Waldron, W. L., Wang, L., Webb, R. C., Wei, W. -Z., While, M., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, E., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given., Comment: 278 pages. Submitted to the Department of Energy as part of the documentation for the Critical Decision Number One (CD-1) management process. Report also available by chapter at http://hep.ucsb.edu/LZ/CDR. This version includes corrections of minor typographic errors
Published: 2015

13. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment

Author: Akerib, D.S., Akerlof, C.W., Akimov, D.Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S.K., Anderson, T.J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H.M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J.E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M.J., Barthel, J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E.P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T.P., Birrittella, B., Boast, K.E., Bolozdynya, A.I., Boulton, E.M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Buckley, J.H., Bugaev, V.V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J.K., Campbell, J.S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D.L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J.J., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Chott, N.I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R.A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Craddock, W.W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J.E., da Cunha, J.P., Dahl, C.E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T.J.R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J.E.Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T.K., Edwards, W.R., Edwards, B.N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M.M., Emmet, W.T., Eriksen, S.R., Faham, C.H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fogarty Florang, I.M., Ford, P., Francis, V.B., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R.J., Gantos, N.J., Garcia, D., Geffre, A., Gehman, V.M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T.G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M.G.D., Gwilliam, C.B., Hall, C.R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S.J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S.A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M.D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J.Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Hurteau, T.W., Ignarra, C.M., Irving, M.N., Jacobsen, R.G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S.N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W.G., Kaboth, A.C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A.V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y.D., Kim, W.T., Kocher, C.D., Konovalov, A.M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E.V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S.W., Krebs, H.J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V.A., Kumpan, A.V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A.R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N.A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E.A., Lee, H.S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K.T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F.-T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W.H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M.I., López Paredes, B., Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J.M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P.A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D.C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R.L., Marangou, N., Markley, D.J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T.J., Marzioni, M.F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C.T., McKinsey, D.N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D.-M., Meng, Y., Miller, E.H., Minaker, Z.J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M.E., Morad, J.A., Morrison, E., Mount, B.J., Murphy, A.St.J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H.N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J.A., Nikoleyczik, J.A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F.G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M.A., Oliver-Mallory, K.C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K.J., Palmaccio, V.M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Patton, S.J., Pease, E.K., Penning, B.P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I.B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R.M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B.N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C.A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G.R.C., Rodrigues, J.P., Rose, H.J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Rynders, D., Saba, J.S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A.B.M.R., Schnee, R.W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P.R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G.W., Shutt, T.A., Silk, J.J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A.R., Smith, R.J., Smith, R.E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V.V., Stancu, I., Stark, M.R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T.M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T.J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W.C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D.J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B.P., Terman, P.A., Thomas, K.J., Thomson, J.A., Tiedt, D.R., Timalsina, M., To, W.H., Tomás, A., Tope, T.E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D.R., Tull, C.E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J.R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C.O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W.L., Walker, K., Wang, J.J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Watson, J.R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R.C., Wei, W.-Z., While, M., White, R.G., White, J.T., White, D.T., Whitis, T.J., Wisniewski, W.J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Wolfs, J.D., Woodward, D., Worm, S.D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., and Zhang, C.
Published: 2020
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14. FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bradley, A, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, AG, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Ott, RA, Palladino, KJ, Pangilinan, M, Pease, EK, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, and Yin, J
Subjects: Trigger, Dark matter detectors, DSP, FPGA, DAQ, Baseline subtraction, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance.
Published: 2016

15. Improved Limits on Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from Reanalysis of 2013 LUX Data

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bradley, A, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, A, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Ott, RA, Palladino, KJ, Pangilinan, M, Pease, EK, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Yazdani, K, and Young, SK
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We present constraints on weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP)-nucleus scattering from the 2013 data of the Large Underground Xenon dark matter experiment, including 1.4×10^{4} kg day of search exposure. This new analysis incorporates several advances: single-photon calibration at the scintillation wavelength, improved event-reconstruction algorithms, a revised background model including events originating on the detector walls in an enlarged fiducial volume, and new calibrations from decays of an injected tritium β source and from kinematically constrained nuclear recoils down to 1.1 keV. Sensitivity, especially to low-mass WIMPs, is enhanced compared to our previous results which modeled the signal only above a 3 keV minimum energy. Under standard dark matter halo assumptions and in the mass range above 4 GeV c^{-2}, these new results give the most stringent direct limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section. The 90% C.L. upper limit has a minimum of 0.6 zb at 33 GeV c^{-2} WIMP mass.
Published: 2016

16. Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bradley, A, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, A, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Ott, RA, Palladino, KJ, Pangilinan, M, Pease, EK, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Yazdani, K, and Young, SK
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, hep-ex, hep-ph, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle)-nucleon elastic cross sections from LUX data acquired in 2013. LUX is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), which is designed to observe the recoil signature of galactic WIMPs scattering from xenon nuclei. A profile likelihood ratio analysis of 1.4×10^{4} kg day of fiducial exposure allows 90% C.L. upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of σ_{n}=9.4×10^{-41} cm^{2} (σ_{p}=2.9×10^{-39} cm^{2}) at 33 GeV/c^{2}. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date.
Published: 2016

17. Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bradley, A, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, AG, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Ott, RA, Palladino, KJ, Pangilinan, M, Pease, EK, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Young, SK, and Zhang, C
Subjects: physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex
Abstract: We present measurements of the electron-recoil (ER) response of the LUX dark matter detector based upon 170 000 highly pure and spatially uniform tritium decays. We reconstruct the tritium energy spectrum using the combined energy model and find good agreement with expectations. We report the average charge and light yields of ER events in liquid xenon at 180 and 105 V/cm and compare the results to the NEST model. We also measure the mean charge recombination fraction and its fluctuations, and we investigate the location and width of the LUX ER band. These results provide input to a reanalysis of the LUX run 3 weakly interacting massive particle search.
Published: 2016

18. First Results of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Carmona-Benitez, MC, Collaboration, LUX, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, A, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, dark matter, WIMP, liquid xenon, time projection chamber
Abstract: LUX (Large Underground Xenon) is a dark matter direct detection experiment deployed at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD, operating a 370 kg dual-phase xenon TPC. Results of the first WIMP search run were presented in late 2013, for the analysis of 85.3 live-days with a fiducial volume of 118 kg, taken during the period of April to August 2013. The experiment exhibited a sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6×10-46cm2 at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2, becoming the world's leading WIMP search result, in conflict with several previous claimed hints of discovery.
Published: 2016

19. Radiogenic and Muon-Induced Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Detector

Author: Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is $(2.6\pm0.2_{\textrm{stat}}\pm0.4_{\textrm{sys}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$ in a 118~kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is $(3.6\pm0.4_{\textrm{stat}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures / 17 images, submitted to Astropart. Phys
Published: 2014
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20. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Szydagis, M., Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with a fiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, is currently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initial null-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section was released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe, roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the first experiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scale employed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, and of the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We found the LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of other results., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of The 10th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA2013); fixed author list and added info on new calibration
Published: 2014

21. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Yu., Alquahtani, A., Alsum, S. K., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Arbuckle, A., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Auyeung, H., Aviles, S., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barry, M. J., Bauer, D., Bauer, P., Baxter, A., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Bensinger, J., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Birrittella, B., Boast, K. E., Bolozdynya, A. I., Boulton, E. M., Boxer, B., Bramante, R., Branson, S., Brás, P., Breidenbach, M., Brew, C. A. J., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V. V., Bunker, R., Burdin, S., Busenitz, J. K., Cabrita, R., Campbell, J. S., Carels, C., Carlsmith, D. L., Carlson, B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Chan, C., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Chott, N. I., Cole, A., Coleman, J., Colling, D., Conley, R. A., Cottle, A., Coughlen, R., Cox, G., Craddock, W. W., Curran, D., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., da Cunha, J. P., Dahl, C. E., Dardin, S., Dasu, S., Davis, J., Davison, T. J. R., de Viveiros, L., Decheine, N., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dushkin, A., Edberg, T. K., Edwards, W. R., Edwards, B. N., Edwards, J., Elnimr, M. M., Emmet, W. T., Eriksen, S. R., Faham, C. H., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Florang, I. M. Fogarty, Ford, P., Francis, V. B., Fraser, E. D., Froborg, F., Fruth, T., Gaitskell, R. J., Gantos, N. J., Garcia, D., Gehman, V. M., Gelfand, R., Genovesi, J., Gerhard, R. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Gokhale, S., Gomber, B., Gonda, T. G., Greenall, A., Greenwood, S., Gregerson, G., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hamilton, D., Hans, S., Hanzel, K., Harrington, T., Harrison, A., Harrison, J., Hasselkus, C., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hemer, D., Hertel, S. A., Heise, J., Hillbrand, S., Hitchcock, O., Hjemfelt, C., Hoff, M. D., Holbrook, B., Holtom, E., Hor, J. Y-K., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hurteau, T. W., Ignarra, C. M., Irving, M. N., Jacobsen, R. G., Jahangir, O., Jeffery, S. N., Ji, W., Johnson, M., Johnson, J., Johnson, P., Jones, W. G., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A., Kamdin, K., Kasey, V., Kazkaz, K., Keefner, J., Khaitan, D., Khaleeq, M., Khazov, A., Khromov, A. V., Khurana, I., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. T., Kocher, C. D., Kodroff, D., Konovalov, A. M., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Koyuncu, M., Kras, J., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S. W., Krebs, H. J., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumpan, A. V., Kyre, S., Lambert, A. R., Landerud, B., Larsen, N. A., Laundrie, A., Leason, E. A., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, R., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Liao, J., Liao, F.-T., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, R., Liu, X., Loniewski, C., Lopes, M. I., Lopez-Asamar, E., Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Lyle, J. M., Lynch, C., Majewski, P. A., Makkinje, J., Malling, D. C., Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., Markley, D. J., MarrLaundrie, P., Martin, T. J., Marzioni, M. F., Maupin, C., McConnell, C. T., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Mei, D.-M., Meng, Y., Miller, E. H., Minaker, Z. J., Mizrachi, E., Mock, J., Molash, D., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morad, J. A., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Nesbit, J., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Nilima, A., O’Dell, J., Oh, H., O’Neill, F. G., O’Sullivan, K., Olcina, I., Olevitch, M. A., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Oxborough, L., Pagac, A., Pagenkopf, D., Pal, S., Palladino, K. J., Palmaccio, V. M., Palmer, J., Pangilinan, M., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pease, E. K., Penning, B. P., Pereira, G., Pereira, C., Peterson, I. B., Piepke, A., Pierson, S., Powell, S., Preece, R. M., Pushkin, K., Qie, Y., Racine, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Reichenbacher, J., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rodrigues, J. P., Rose, H. J., Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Rucinski, R., Rutherford, G., Saba, J. S., Sabarots, L., Santone, D., Sarychev, M., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Schubnell, M., Scovell, P. R., Severson, M., Seymour, D., Shaw, S., Shutt, G. W., Shutt, T. A., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Skarpaas, K., Skulski, W., Smith, A. R., Smith, R. J., Smith, R. E., So, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Sosnovtsev, V. V., Stancu, I., Stark, M. R., Stephenson, S., Stern, N., Stevens, A., Stiegler, T. M., Stifter, K., Studley, R., Sumner, T. J., Sundarnath, K., Sutcliffe, P., Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Tan, M., Taylor, W. C., Taylor, R., Taylor, D. J., Temples, D., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Thomas, K. J., Thomson, J. A., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Tomás, A., Tope, T. E., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Tull, C. E., Turner, W., Tvrznikova, L., Utes, M., Utku, U., Uvarov, S., Va’vra, J., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A., Verbus, J. R., Vietanen, T., Voirin, E., Vuosalo, C. O., Walcott, S., Waldron, W. L., Walker, K., Wang, J. J., Wang, R., Wang, L., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Migneault, J., Weatherly, S., Webb, R. C., Wei, W.-Z., While, M., White, R. G., White, J. T., White, D. T., Whitis, T. J., Wisniewski, W. J., Wilson, K., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Wolfs, J. D., Woodward, D., Worm, S. D., Xiang, X., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Yeh, M., Yin, J., Young, I., Zhang, C., and Zarzhitsky, P.
Published: 2022
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22. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Horn, M, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370 kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.
Published: 2015

23. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Horn, Markus, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O׳Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, Zhang, C, and Collaboration, On behalf of the LUX
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid xenon, Time projection chamber, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370. kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.
Published: 2015

24. Radiogenic and muon-induced backgrounds in the LUX dark matter detector

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O’Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX, Dark matter, Radioactive background, Material screening, Simulation, astro-ph.IM, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is (2.6±0.2stat±0.4sys) ×10-3 events keVee-1kg-1day-1 in a 118 kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is (3.6±0.4 stat)×10-3 events keVee-1kg-1day- 1, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

25. Radon-related Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author: Bradley, A, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: dark matter, liquid noble detectors, xenon, radon, background characterization
Abstract: The LUX detector is currently in operation at the Davis Campus at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD to directly search for WIMP dark matter. Knowing the type and rate of backgrounds is critical in a rare, low energy event search, and LUX was designed, constructed, and deployed to mitigate backgrounds, both internal and external. An important internal background are decays of radon and its daughters. These consist of alpha decays, which are easily tagged and are a tracer of certain backgrounds, and beta decays, some of which are not as readily tagged and present a background for the WIMP search. We report on studies of alpha decay and discuss implications for the WIMP search.
Published: 2015

26. The LUX Experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Liquid xenon detectors, Dark matter, WIMP, Direct detection
Abstract: We present the status and prospects of the LUX experiment, which employs approximately 300 kg of two-phase xenon to search for WIMP dark matter interactions. The LUX detector was commissioned at the surface laboratory of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, between December 2011 and February 2012 and the detector has been operating underground since January, 2013. These proceedings review the results of the commissioning run as well as the status of underground data-taking through the summer of 2013.
Published: 2015

27. First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O`Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), was cooled and filled in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search dataset, taken during the period April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live-days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of $7.6 \times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^2$. We find that the LUX data are in strong disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett. Appendix A included as supplementary material with PRL article
Published: 2013
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28. Dark Matter Search Backgrounds from Primordial Radionuclide Chain Disequilibrium

Author: Malling, D. C., Fiorucci, S., Pangilinan, M., Chapman, J. J., Faham, C. H., Verbus, J. R., and Gaitskell, R. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Dark matter direct-detection searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are commonly limited in sensitivity by neutron and gamma backgrounds from the decay of radioactive isotopes. Several common radioisotopes in detector construction materials are found in long decay chains, notably those headed by 238U, 235U, and 232Th. Gamma radioassay using Ge detectors identifies decay rates of a few of the radioisotopes in each chain, and typically assumes that the chain is in secular equilibrium. If the chains are out of equilibrium, detector background rates can be elevated significantly above expectation. In this work we quantify the increase in neutron and gamma production rates from an excess of various sub-chains of the 238U decay chain. We find that the 226Ra sub-chain generates x10 higher neutron flux per decay than the 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain, in materials with high (alpha,n) neutron yields. Typical gamma screening results limit potential 238U early sub-chain activity to x20-60 higher than 226Ra sub-chain activity. Monte Carlo simulation is used to quantify the contribution of the sub-chains of 238U to low-energy nuclear recoil (NR) and electron recoil (ER) backgrounds in simplified one tonne liquid Ar and liquid Xe detectors. NR and ER rates generated by 238U sub-chains in the Ar and Xe detectors are found after comparable fiducial and multiple-scatter cuts. The Xe detector is found to have x12 higher signal-to-background for 100 GeV WIMPs over neutrons than the Ar detector. ER backgrounds in both detectors are found to increase weakly for excesses of 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain relative to 226Ra sub-chain. Experiments in which backgrounds are NR-dominated are sensitive to undetected excesses of 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain concentrations. Experiments with ER-dominated backgrounds are relatively insensitive to these excesses., Comment: Submitted for publication in Astroparticle Physics. 21 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2013

29. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Camp, C., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, E., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Kwong, J., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., Marquez, Z., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Roberts, P., Shei, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sofka, C. J., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Stolp, D., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, D., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $<$1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector., Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2012
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30. Technical Results from the Surface Run of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chapman, J. J., Coffey, T., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., de Viveiros, L., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present the results of the three-month above-ground commissioning run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility located in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LUX is a 370 kg liquid xenon detector that will search for cold dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The commissioning run, conducted with the detector immersed in a water tank, validated the integration of the various sub-systems in preparation of the underground deployment. Using the data collected, we report excellent light collection properties, achieving 8.4 photoelectrons per keV for 662 keV electron recoils without an applied electric field, measured in the center of the WIMP target. We also find good energy and position resolution in relatively high-energy interactions from a variety of internal and external sources. Finally, we have used the commissioning data to tune the optical properties of our simulation and report updated sensitivity projections for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.
Published: 2012
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31. An Ultra-Low Background PMT for Liquid Xenon Detectors

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chan, Y-D., Clark, K., Coffey, T., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Lesko, K., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Results are presented from radioactivity screening of two models of photomultiplier tubes designed for use in current and future liquid xenon experiments. The Hamamatsu 5.6 cm diameter R8778 PMT, used in the LUX dark matter experiment, has yielded a positive detection of four common radioactive isotopes: 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 60Co. Screening of LUX materials has rendered backgrounds from other detector materials subdominant to the R8778 contribution. A prototype Hamamatsu 7.6 cm diameter R11410 MOD PMT has also been screened, with benchmark isotope counts measured at <0.4 238U / <0.3 232Th / <8.3 40K / 2.0+-0.2 60Co mBq/PMT. This represents a large reduction, equal to a change of \times 1/24 238U / \times 1/9 232Th / \times 1/8 40K per PMT, between R8778 and R11410 MOD, concurrent with a doubling of the photocathode surface area (4.5 cm to 6.4 cm diameter). 60Co measurements are comparable between the PMTs, but can be significantly reduced in future R11410 MOD units through further material selection. Assuming PMT activity equal to the measured 90% upper limits, Monte Carlo estimates indicate that replacement of R8778 PMTs with R11410 MOD PMTs will change LUX PMT electron recoil background contributions by a factor of \times1/25 after further material selection for 60Co reduction, and nuclear recoil backgrounds by a factor of \times 1/36. The strong reduction in backgrounds below the measured R8778 levels makes the R11410 MOD a very competitive technology for use in large-scale liquid xenon detectors., Comment: v2 updated to include content after reviewer comments (Sep 2012)
Published: 2012
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32. Radio-assay of Titanium samples for the LUX Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chan, Y-D., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Dazeley, S., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Smith, A., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., Uvarov, S., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the screening of samples of titanium metal for their radio-purity. The screening process described in this work led to the selection of materials used in the construction of the cryostats for the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment. Our measurements establish titanium as a highly desirable material for low background experiments searching for rare events. The sample with the lowest total long-lived activity was measured to contain <0.25 mBq/kg of U-238, <0.2 mBq/kg of Th-232, and <1.2 mBq/kg of K-40. Measurements of several samples also indicated the presence of short-lived (84 day half life) Sc-46, likely produced cosmogenically via muon initiated (n,p) reactions., Comment: The LUX Collaboration
Published: 2011

33. LUXSim: A Component-Centric Approach to Low-Background Simulations

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M, Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run. Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual components, with these record levels also being set at runtime. This flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and give examples of usage. * Corresponding author, kareem@llnl.gov, Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2011
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34. After LUX: The LZ Program

Author: Malling, D. C., Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Currie, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Majewski, P., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St J., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The LZ program consists of two stages of direct dark matter searches using liquid Xe detectors. The first stage will be a 1.5-3 tonne detector, while the last stage will be a 20 tonne detector. Both devices will benefit tremendously from research and development performed for the LUX experiment, a 350 kg liquid Xe dark matter detector currently operating at the Sanford Underground Laboratory. In particular, the technology used for cryogenics and electrical feedthroughs, circulation and purification, low-background materials and shielding techniques, electronics, calibrations, and automated control and recovery systems are all directly scalable from LUX to the LZ detectors. Extensive searches for potential background sources have been performed, with an emphasis on previously undiscovered background sources that may have a significant impact on tonne-scale detectors. The LZ detectors will probe spin-independent interaction cross sections as low as 5E-49 cm2 for 100 GeV WIMPs, which represents the ultimate limit for dark matter detection with liquid xenon technology., Comment: Conference proceedings from APS DPF 2011. 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2011

35. Data Acquisition and Readout System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup- pression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.
Published: 2011
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36. Measurement of the W boson helicity in top quark decays using 5.4 fb^-1 of ppbar collision data

Author: Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Acharya, B. S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Altona, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G. A., Ancu, L. S., Aoki, M., Arnoud, Y., Arov, M., Askew, A., Asman, B., Atramentov, O., Avila, C., BackusMayes, J., Badaud, F., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Bandurin, D. V., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Baringer, P., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J. F., Bassler, U., Bazterra, V., Beale, S., Bean, A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Belanger-Champagne, C., Bellantoni, L., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besancon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, K., Boehnlein, A., Boline, D., Bolton, T. A., Boos, E. E., Borissov, G., Bose, T., Brandt, A., Brandt, O., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Brown, D., Brown, J., Bu, X. B., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Bunichev, V., Burdinb, S., Burnett, T. H., Buszello, C. P., Calpas, B., Camacho-Perez, E., Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A., Casey, B. C. K., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chen, G., Chevalier-Thery, S., Cho, D. K., Cho, S. W., Choi, S., Choudhary, B., Christoudias, T., Cihangir, S., Claes, D., Clutter, J., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Corcoran, M., Couderc, F., Cousinou, M. -C., Croc, A., Cutts, D., Cwiok, M., Das, A., Davies, G., De, K., de Jong, S. J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., Deliot, F., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Desai, S., DeVaughan, K., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Dominguez, A., Dorland, T., Dubey, A., Dudko, L. V., Duggan, D., Duperrin, A., Dutt, S., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Ellison, J., Elvira, V. D., Enari, Y., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Facini, G., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Geist, W., Geng, W., Gerbaudo, D., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Ginther, G., Golovanov, G., Goussiou, A., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z. D., Gregores, E. M., Grenier, G., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. -F., Grohsjean, A., Grunendahl, S., Grunewald, M. W., Guo, F., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haasc, A., Hagopian, S., Haley, J., Han, L., Harder, K., Harel, A., Hauptman, J. M., Hays, J., Head, T., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Hegab, H., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., La Cruz, I. Heredia-De, Herner, K., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hoang, T., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hossain, S., Hubacek, Z., Huske, N., Hynek, V., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A. S., Jabeen, S., Jaffre, M., Jain, S., Jamin, D., Jesik, R., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Johnston, D., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Joshi, J., Juste, A., Kaadze, K., Kajfasz, E., Karmanov, D., Kasper, P. A., Katsanos, I., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Khalatyan, N., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. N., Khatidze, D., Kirby, M. H., Kohli, J. M., Kozelov, A. V., Kraus, J., Kumar, A., Kupco, A., Kurca, T., Kuzmin, V. A., Kvita, J., Lammers, S., Landsberg, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Lellouch, J., Li, L., Li, Q. Z., Lietti, S. M., Lim, J. K., Lincoln, D., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipton, R., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Love, P., Lubatti, H. J., Luna-Garciae, R., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K. A., Mackin, D., Madar, R., Magana-Villalba, R., Malik, S., Malyshev, V. L., Maravin, Y., Martinez-Ortega, J., McCarthy, R., McGivern, C. L., Meijer, M. M., Melnitchouk, A., Menezes, D., Mercadante, P. G., Merkin, M., Meyer, A., Meyer, J., Mondal, N. K., Muanza, G. S., Mulhearn, M., Nagy, E., Naimuddin, M., Narain, M., Nayyar, R., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Neustroev, P., Novaes, S. F., Nunnemann, T., Obrant, G., Orduna, J., Osman, N., Osta, J., Garzon, G. J. Otero y, Owen, M., Padilla, M., Pangilinan, M., Parashar, N., Parihar, V., Park, S. K., Parsons, J., Partridge, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Penning, B., Perfilov, M., Peters, K., Peters, Y., Petrillo, G., Petroff, P., Piegaia, R., Piper, J., Pleier, M. -A., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podstavkov, V. M., Pol, M. -E., Polozov, P., Popov, A. V., Prewitt, M., Price, D., Protopopescu, S., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rangel, M. S., Ranjan, K., Ratoff, P. N., Razumov, I., Renkel, P., Rich, P., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Rominsky, M., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Safronov, G., Sajot, G., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Sanders, M. P., Sanghi, B., Santos, A. S., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schamberger, R. D., Scheglov, Y., Schellman, H., Schliephake, T., Schlobohm, S., Schwanenberger, C., Schwienhorst, R., Sekaric, J., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shary, V., Shchukin, A. A., Shivpuri, R. K., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smirnov, D., Smith, K. J., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Soldner-Rembold, S., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Spurlock, B., Stark, J., Stolin, V., Stoyanova, D. A., Strauss, M., Strom, D., Stutte, L., Suter, L., Svoisky, P., Takahashi, M., Tanasijczuk, A., Taylor, W., Titov, M., Tokmenin, V. V., Tsai, Y. -T., Tsybychev, D., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Tuts, P. M., Uvarov, L., Uvarov, S., Uzunyan, S., Van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vilanova, D., Vint, P., Vokac, P., Wahl, H. D., Wang, M. H. L. S., Warchol, J., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weberg, M., Welty-Rieger, L., White, A., Wicke, D., Williams, M. R. J., Wilson, G. W., Wimpenny, S. J., Wobisch, M., Wood, D. R., Wyatt, T. R., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Yacoob, S., Yamada, R., Yang, W. -C., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Ye, Z., Yin, H., Yip, K., Youn, S. W., Yu, J., Zelitch, S., Zhao, T., Zhou, B., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., and Zivkovic, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of the helicity of the W boson produced in top quark decays using ttbar decays in the l+jets and dilepton final states selected from a sample of 5.4 fb^-1 of collisions recorded using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar collider. We measure the fractions of longitudinal and right-handed W bosons to be f_0 = 0.669 +- 0.102 [ +- 0.078 (stat.) +- 0.065 (syst.)] and f_+ = 0.023 +- 0.053 [+- 0.041 (stat.) +- 0.034 (syst.)], respectively. This result is consistent at the 98% level with the standard model. A measurement with f_0 fixed to the value from the standard model yields f_+ = 0.010 +- 0.037 [+- 0.022 (stat.) +- 0.030 (syst.) ]., Comment: To be submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Search for pair production of the scalar top quark in the electron-muon final state

Author: Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B. S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Altona, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G. A., Ancu, L. S., Aoki, M., Arnoud, Y., Arov, M., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Atramentov, O., Avila, C., BackusMayes, J., Badaud, F., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Bandurin, D. V., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Baringer, P., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J. F., Bassler, U., Bazterra, V., Beale, S., Bean, A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Belanger-Champagne, C., Bellantoni, L., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, K., Boehnlein, A., Boline, D., Bolton, T. A., Boos, E. E., Borissov, G., Bose, T., Brandt, A., Brandt, O., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Brown, D., Brown, J., Bu, X. B., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Bunichev, V., Burdinb, S., Burnett, T. H., Buszello, C. P., Calpas, B., Camacho-Pérez, E., Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A., Casey, B. C. K., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chen, G., Chevalier-Théry, S., Cho, D. K., Cho, S. W., Choi, S., Choudhary, B., Christoudias, T., Cihangir, S., Claes, D., Clutter, J., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Corcoran, M., Couderc, F., Cousinou, M. -C., Croc, A., Cutts, D., Ćwiok, M., Das, A., Davies, G., De, K., de Jong, S. J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., Déliot, F., Demarteau, M., Demina, 47 R., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Desai, S., DeVaughan, K., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Dominguez, A., Dorland, T., Dubey, A., Dudko, L. V., Duggan, D., Duperrin, A., Dutt, S., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Ellison, J., Elvira, V. D., Enari, Y., Eno, S., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Facini, G., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Geist, W., Geng, W., Gerbaudo, D., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Ginther, G., Golovanov, G., Goussiou, A., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z. D., Gregores, E. M., Grenier, G., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. -F., Grohsjean, A., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M. W., Guo, F., Guo, J., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haasc, A., Hagopian, S., Haley, J., Han, L., Harder, K., Harel, A., Hauptman, J. M., Hays, J., Head, T., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Hegab, H., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., La Cruz, I. Heredia-De, Herner, K., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hoang, T., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hossain, S., Hubacek, Z., Huske, N., Hynek, V., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A. S., Jabeen, S., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jamin, D., Jesik, R., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Johnston, D., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Joshi, J., Justed, A., Kaadze, K., Kajfasz, E., Karmanov, D., Kasper, P. A., Katsanos, I., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Khalatyan, N., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. N., Khatidze, D., Kirby, M. H., Kohli, J. M., Kozelov, A. V., Kraus, J., Kumar, A., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Kuzmin, V. A., Kvita, J., Lammers, S., Landsberg, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Lellouch, J., Li, L., Li, Q. Z., Lietti, S. M., Lim, J. K., Lincoln, D., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipton, R., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Love, P., Lubatti, H. J., Luna-Garciae, R., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K. A., Mackin, D., Madar, R., Magaña-Villalba, R., Malik, S., Malyshev, V. L., Maravin, Y., Martínez-Ortega, J., McCarthy, R., McGivern, C. L., Meijer, M. M., Melnitchouk, A., Menezes, D., Mercadante, P. G., Merkin, M., Meyer, A., Meyer, J., Mondal, N. K., Muanza, G. S., Mulhearn, M., Nagy, E., Naimuddin, M., Narain, M., Nayyar, R., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Neustroev, P., Novaes, S. F., Nunnemann, T., Obrant, G., Orduna, J., Osman, N., Osta, J., Garzón, G. J. Otero y, Owen, M., Padilla, M., Pangilinan, M., Parashar, N., Parihar, V., Park, S. K., Parsons, J., Partridgec, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Penning, B., Perfilov, M., Peters, K., Peters, Y., Petrillo, G., Pétroff, P., Piegaia, R., Piper, J., Pleier, M. -A., Podesta-Lermaf, P. L. M., Podstavkov, V. M., Pol, M. -E., Polozov, P., Popov, A. V., Prewitt, M., Price, D., Protopopescu, S., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rangel, M. S., Ranjan, K., Ratoff, P. N., Razumov, I., Renkel, P., Rich, P., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Rominsky, M., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Safronov, G., Sajot, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M. P., Sanghi, B., Santos, A. S., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schamberger, R. D., Scheglov, Y., Schellman, H., Schliephake, T., Schlobohm, S., Schwanenberger, C., Schwienhorst, R., Sekaric, J., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shary, V., Shchukin, A. A., Shivpuri, R. K., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smirnov, D., Smith, K. J., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Söldner-Rembold, S., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Spurlock, B., Stark, J., Stolin, V., Stoyanova, D. A., Strauss, E., Strauss, M., Strom, D., Stutte, L., Svoisky, P., Takahashi, M., Tanasijczuk, A., Taylor, W., Titov, M., Tokmenin, V. V., Tsybychev, D., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Tuts, P. M., Uvarov, L., Uzunyan, S. Uvarov S., Van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vilanova, D., Vint, P., Vokac, P., Wahl, H. D., Wang, M. H. L. S., Warchol, J., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weberg, M., Welty-Rieger, L., Wetstein, M., White, A., Williams, D. Wicke M. R. J., Wilson, G. W., Wimpenny, S. J., Wobisch, M., Wood, D. R., Wyatt, T. R., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Yacoob, S., Yamada, R., Yang, W. -C., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Ye, Z., Yin, H., Yip, K., Yoo, H. D., Youn, S. W., Yu, J., Zelitch, S., Zhao, T., Zhou, B., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., and Zivkovic, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the result of a search for the pair production of the lightest supersymmetric partner of the top quark ($\tilde{t}_1$) in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb$^{-1}$. The scalar top quarks are assumed to decay into a $b$ quark, a charged lepton, and a scalar neutrino ($\tilde{\nu}$), and the search is performed in the electron plus muon final state. No significant excess of events above the standard model prediction is detected, and improved exclusion limits at the 95% C.L. are set in the the ($M_{\tilde{t}_1}$,$M_{\tilde{\nu}}$) mass plane.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Determination of the width of the top quark

Author: Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B. S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Altona, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G. A., Ancu, L. S., Aoki, M., Arnoud, Y., Arov, M., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Atramentov, O., Avila, C., BackusMayes, J., Badaud, F., Bagby, L., Baldin, B., Bandurin, D. V., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Baringer, P., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J. F., Bassler, U., Bazterra, V., Beale, S., Bean, A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Belanger-Champagne, C., Bellantoni, L., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, K., Boehnlein, A., Boline, D., Bolton, T. A., Boos, E. E., Borissov, G., Bose, T., Brandt, A., Brandt, O., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Brown, D., Brown, J., Bu, X. B., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Bunichev, V., Burdinb, S., Burnett, T. H., Buszello, C. P., Calpas, B., Camacho-Pérez, E., Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A., Casey, B. C. K., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chen, G., Chevalier-Théry, S., Cho, D. K., Cho, S. W., Choi, S., Choudhary, B., Christoudias, T., Cihangir, S., Claes, D., Clutter, J., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Corcoran, M., Couderc, F., Cousinou, M. -C., Croc, A., Cutts, D., Ćwiok, M., Das, A., Davies, G., De, K., de Jong, S. J., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., Déliot, F., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Desai, S., DeVaughan, K., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Dominguez, A., Dorland, T., Dubey, A., Dudko, L. V., Duggan, D., Duperrin, A., Dutt, S., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Ellison, J., Elvira, V. D., Enari, Y., Eno, S., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Facini, G., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Geist, W., Geng, W., Gerbaudo, D., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Ginther, G., Golovanov, G., Goussiou, A., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z. D., Gregores, E. M., Grenier, G., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. -F., Grohsjean, A., Grnendahl, S., Grünewald, M. W., Guo, F., Guo, J., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haasc, A., Hagopian, S., Haley, J., Han, L., Harder, K., Harel, A., Hauptman, J. M., Hays, J., Head, T., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Hegab, H., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., La Cruz, I. Heredia-De, Herner, K., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hoang, T., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hossain, S., Hubacek, Z., Huske, N., Hynek, V., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A. S., Jabeen, S., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jamin, D., Jesik, R., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Johnston, D., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Joshi, J., Justed, A., Kaadze, K., Kajfasz, E., Karmanov, D., Kasper, P. A., Katsanos, I., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Khalatyan, N., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. N., Khatidze, D., Kirby, M. H., Kohli, J. M., Kozelov, A. V., Kraus, J., Kumar, A., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Kuzmin, V. A., Kvita, J., Lammers, S., Landsberg, G., Lebrun, P., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Lellouch, J., Li, L., Li, Q. Z., Lietti, S. M., Lim, J. K., Lincoln, D., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipton, R., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Love, P., Lubatti, H. J., Luna-Garciae, R., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K. A., Mackin, D., Madar, R., Magaña-Villalba, R., Malik, S., Malyshev, V. L., Maravin, Y., Martínez-Ortega, J., McCarthy, R., McGivern, C. L., Meijer, M. M., Melnitchouk, A., Menezes, D., Mercadante, P. G., Merkin, M., Meyer, A., Meyer, J., Mondal, N. K., Muanza, G. S., Mulhearn, M., Nagy, E., Naimuddin, M., Narain, M., Nayyar, R., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Neustroev, P., Novaes, S. F., Nunnemann, T., Obrant, G., Orduna, J., Osman, N., Osta, J., Garzón, G. J. Otero y, Owen, M., Padilla, M., Pangilinan, M., Parashar, N., Parihar, V., Park, S. K., Parsons, J., Partridgec, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Penning, B., Perfilov, M., Peters, K., Peters, Y., Petrillo, G., Pétroff, P., Piegaia, R., Piper, J., Pleier, M. -A., Podesta-Lermaf, P. L. M., Podstavkov, V. M., Pol, M. -E., Polozov, P., Popov, A. V., Prewitt, M., Price, D., Protopopescu, S., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rangel, M. S., Ranjan, K., Ratoff, P. N., Razumov, I., Renkel, P., Rich, P., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Rominsky, M., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Safronov, G., Sajot, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M. P., Sanghi, B., Santos, A. S., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schamberger, R. D., Scheglov, Y., Schellman, H., Schliephake, T., Schlobohm, S., Schwanenberger, C., Schwienhorst, R., Sekaric, J., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shary, V., Shchukin, A. A., Shivpuri, R. K., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smirnov, D., Smith, K. J., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Söldner-Rembold, S., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Spurlock, B., Stark, J., Stolin, V., Stoyanova, D. A., Strauss, E., Strauss, M., Strom, D., Stutte, L., Svoisky, P., Takahashi, M., Tanasijczuk, A., Taylor, W., Titov, M., Tokmenin, V. V., Tsybychev, D., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Tuts, P. M., Uvarov, L., Uzunyan, S. Uvarov S., Van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Vesterinen, M., Vilanova, D., Vint, P., Vokac, P., Wahl, H. D., Wang, M. H. L. S., Warchol, J., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weberg, M., Welty-Rieger, L., Wetstein, M., White, A., Williams, D. Wicke M. R. J., Wilson, G. W., Wimpenny, S. J., Wobisch, M., Wood, D. R., Wyatt, T. R., Xie, Y., Xu, C., Yacoob, S., Yamada, R., Yang, W. -C., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Ye, Z., Yin, H., Yip, K., Yoo, H. D., Youn, S. W., Yu, J., Zelitch, S., Zhao, T., Zhou, B., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., and Zivkovic, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We extract the total width of the top quark, Gamma_t, from the partial decay width Gamma(t -> W b) measured using the t-channel cross section for single top quark production and from the branching fraction B(t -> W b) measured in ttbar events using up to 2.3 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 Collaboration at the Tevatron ppbar Collider. The result is Gamma_t = 1.99 +0.69 -0.55 GeV, which translates to a top-quark lifetime of tau_t = (3.3 +1.3 -0.9) x 10^-25 s. Assuming a high mass fourth generation b' quark and unitarity of the four-generation quark-mixing matrix, we set the first upper limit on |Vtb'| < 0.63 at 95% C.L., Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters
Published: 2010
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39. First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Clark, K, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Curioni, A, Dazeley, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Dragowsky, EM, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Kyre, S, Lander, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Morii, M, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Sofka, CJ, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stiegler, T, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, White, D, Witherell, MS, Wlasenko, M, and Wolfs, FLH
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 10(-46) cm(2) at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c(2). We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.
Published: 2014

40. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: Szydagis, M, Akerib, DS, Araujo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Viveiros, L de, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, T, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, physics.ins-det
Abstract: LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with afiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, iscurrently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initialnull-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sectionwas released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe,roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the SanfordUnderground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the firstexperiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scaleemployed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, andof the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We foundthe LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations ofother results.
Published: 2014

41. Direct search for dark matter with two-phase xenon detectors: Current status of LUX and plans for LZ

Author: Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Man-Nino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Tay-Lor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Abstract: The search for dark matter reaches back generations and remains one of the most compelling endeavors in the hunt for physics beyond the Standard Model. Experiments attempting to directly detect WIMP dark matter have made re-markable progress in increasing sensitivity to elastic scattering of WIMPs on nuclei. The LUX experiment is a 370-kg, two-phase, xenon TPC currently running at SURF, 4850 feet below Lead, SD. LUX recently completed its first science run and was sensitive to spin independent WIMP scattering at cross sections below 10-45 cm2 for WIMP masses of approximately 20 to 80 GeV. Preparations for the final science run of LUX are currently underway, with final results expected in 2015. We will present results from and current status of the LUX experiment, as well as plans for a follow-on, multi-ton-scale xenon experiment at SURF.
Published: 2014

42. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Horn, M, Akerib, DS, Arau jo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid xenon, Time projection chamber, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370. kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.
Published: 2014

43. Technical results from the surface run of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chapman, JJ, Coffey, T, Dobi, A, Dragowsky, E, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, M, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Rodionov, A, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stiegler, T, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, de Viveiros, L, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon detectors, Dark matter, WIMP, Direct detection, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, hep-ph, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: We present the results of the three-month above-ground commissioning run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility located in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LUX is a 370 kg liquid xenon detector that will search for cold dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The commissioning run, conducted with the detector immersed in a water tank, validated the integration of the various sub-systems in preparation for the underground deployment. Using the data collected, we report excellent light collection properties, achieving 8.4 photoelectrons per keV for 662 keV electron recoils without an applied electric field, measured in the center of the WIMP target. We also find good energy and position resolution in relatively high-energy interactions from a variety of internal and external sources. Finally, we have used the commissioning data to tune the optical properties of our simulation and report updated sensitivity projections for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

44. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Camp, C, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, A, Chiller, C, Clark, K, Classen, T, Coffey, T, Curioni, A, Dahl, E, Dazeley, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dragowsky, E, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, M, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Kyre, S, Kwong, J, Lander, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, Marquez, Z, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Rodionov, A, Roberts, P, Shei, A, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sofka, CJ, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Stolp, D, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, D, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Dark matter detectors, Liquid xenon, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross-section per nucleon of 2×10-46cm2, equivalent to ∼1event/100kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have
Published: 2013

45. An ultra-low background PMT for liquid xenon detectors

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Clark, K, Coffey, T, Edwards, B, de Viveiros, L, Dragowsky, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: PMT, Liquid xenon detectors, Radioactivity, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: Results are presented from radioactivity screening of two models of photomultiplier tubes designed for use in current and future liquid xenon experiments. The Hamamatsu 5.6 cm diameter R8778 PMT, used in the LUX dark matter experiment, has yielded a positive detection of four common radioactive isotopes: 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 60Co. Screening of LUX materials has rendered backgrounds from other detector materials subdominant to the R8778 contribution. A prototype Hamamatsu 7.6 cm diameter R11410 MOD PMT has also been screened, with benchmark isotope counts measured at
Published: 2013

46. LUXSim: A component-centric approach to low-background simulations

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Clark, K, Classen, T, Coffey, T, Dazeley, S, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dragowsky, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Lander, R, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Leonard, D, Lesko, K, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Skulski, W, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Simulation, Low-background, Dark matter, Underground, Geant4, physics.data-an, hep-ex, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run. Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual components, with these record levels also being set at run time. This flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and give examples of usage. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012

47. Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Clark, K, Classen, T, Coffey, T, Curioni, A, Dazeley, S, De Viveiros, L, Dragowsky, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Lander, R, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Leonard, D, Lesko, K, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D, Mock, J, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Skulski, W, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C
Subjects: Dark matter detectors, Data acquisition, Liquid xenon, astro-ph.IM, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is composed of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline suppression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012

48. Radio-assay of Titanium samples for the LUX Experiment

Author: Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Chan, Y-D, Clark, K, Classen, T, Coffey, T, Dazeley, S, deViveiros, L, Dragowsky, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Lander, R, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Leonard, D, Lesko, K, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, D, Mei, D, Mock, J, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Skulski, W, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Svoboda, R, Smith, A, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, Uvarov, S, and Zhang, C
Subjects: physics.ins-det, hep-ex
Abstract: We report on the screening of samples of titanium metal for theirradio-purity. The screening process described in this work led to the selectionof materials used in the construction of the cryostats for the LargeUnderground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment. Our measurements establishtitanium as a highly desirable material for low background experimentssearching for rare events. The sample with the lowest total long-lived activitywas measured to contain
Published: 2011

49. After LUX: The LZ program

Author: Malling, DC, Chapman, JJ, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Pangilinan, M, Verbus, JR, Akerib, DS, Bradley, A, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Clark, K, Coffey, T, Dragowsky, M, Gibson, KR, Lee, C, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Araújo, HM, Currie, A, Sumner, TJ, Bai, X, Hanhardt, M, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Cahn, SB, Kastens, L, Larsen, N, Lyashenko, A, McKinsey, DN, Nikkel, JA, Bernstein, A, Carr, D, Dazeley, S, Kazkaz, K, Sorensen, P, Classen, T, Holbrook, B, Lander, R, Mock, J, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Walsh, N, Woods, M, de Viveiros, L, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Neves, F, Silva, C, Solovov, V, Druszkiewicz, E, Skulski, W, Wolfs, FLH, Hall, C, Leonard, D, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Lesko, K, Majewski, P, Mannino, R, Stiegler, T, Webb, R, White, JT, Mei, DM, Spaans, J, Zhang, C, Morii, M, Wlasenko, M, Murphy, ASJ, Reichhart, L, and Nelson, H
Subjects: astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO
Abstract: © Proceedings of the 2011 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society, DPF 2011. All rights reserved. The LZ program consists of two stages of direct dark matter searches using liquid Xe detectors. The first stage will be a 1.5-3 tonne detector, while the last stage will be a 20 tonne detector. Both devices will benefit tremendously from research and development performed for the LUX experiment, a 350 kg liquid Xe dark matter detector currently operating at the Sanford Underground Laboratory. In particular, the technology used for cryogenics and electrical feedthroughs, circulation and purification, low-background materials and shielding techniques, electronics, calibrations, and automated control and recovery systems are all directly scalable from LUX to the LZ detectors. Extensive searches for potential background sources have been performed, with an emphasis on previously undiscovered background sources that may have a significant impact on tonne-scale detectors. The LZ detectors will probe spin-independent interaction cross sections as low as 5 × 10-49 cm2 for 100 GeV WIMPs, which represents the ultimate limit for dark matter detection with liquid xenon technology.
Published: 2011

50. Proposed low-energy absolute calibration of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase noble element TPC using [formula omitted] neutron scattering kinematics

Author: Verbus, J.R., Rhyne, C.A., Malling, D.C., Genecov, M., Ghosh, S., Moskowitz, A.G., Chan, S., Chapman, J.J., de Viveiros, L., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Huang, D.Q., Pangilinan, M., Taylor, W.C., and Gaitskell, R.J.
Published: 2017
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